Supply Risk Management in Pharmaceutical

Fast development in the operating environment and fierce competition have driven companies to pursue efficiency and success through lean and global supply chains. At the same time overall uncertainty has increased in the business environment and supply chains have become a priority in risk management since their vulnerability may endanger business continuity. Although risk management should start at procurement strategy development phase, proactive contingency planning is also essential because it enables correct reaction and fast changes in process execution in the case of risk realization. This thesis is a case study conducted in the pharmaceutical industry where purchasing and materials management organizations face a number of challenges and limitations that have to be considered in supply risk management. The goal of the study was to discuss the operating environment, and identify and analyze supply risks and potential risk management practices. The study was concluded with suggestions for purchasing strategy development that take risk management considerations into account. This copy is the public version of the thesis.

Water circulations for effective bleaching of high-brightness mechanical pulps

The amount of water available is usually restricted, which leads to a situation where a complete understanding of the process, including water circulations and the influence of water components, is essential. The main aim of this thesis was to clarify the possibilities for the efficient use of residual peroxide by means of water circulation rearrangements. Rearranging water circulations and the reduction of water usage may cause new problems, such as metal induced peroxide decomposition that needs to be addressed. This thesis introduces theoretical methods of water circulations to combine two variables; effective utilization of residual peroxide and avoiding manganese in the alkaline peroxide bleaching stage. Results are mainly based on laboratory and mill site experiments concerning the utilization of residual peroxide. A simulation model (BALAS) was used to evaluate the manganese contents and residual peroxide doses. It was shown that with optimum recirculation of residual peroxide the brightness can be improved or chemical costs can be decreased. From the scientific perspective, it was also very important to discover that recycled peroxide was more effective pre-bleaching agent compared to fresh peroxide. This can be due to the organic acids i.e. per acetic acid in wash press filtrate that have been formed in alkaline bleaching stage. Even short retention time was adequate and the activation of residual peroxide using sodium hydroxide was not necessary. There are several possibilities for using residual peroxide in practice regarding bleaching. A typical modern mechanical pulping process line consist of defibering, screening, a disc filter, a bleach press, high consistency (HC) peroxide bleaching and a wash press. Furthermore there usually is not a particular medium consistency (MC) pre-bleaching stage that includes additional thickening equipment. The most advisable way to utilize residual peroxide in this kind of process is to recycle the wash press filtrate to the dilution of disc filter pulp (low MC pre-bleaching stage). An arrangement such as this would be beneficial in terms of the reduced convection of manganese to the alkaline bleaching stage. Manganese originates from wood material and will be removed to the water phase already in the early stages of the process. Recycling residual peroxide prior to the disc filter is not recommended because of low consistencies. Regarding water circulations, the novel point of view is that, it would be beneficial to divide water circulations into two sections and the critical location for the division is the disc filter. Both of these two sections have their own priority. Section one before the disc filter: manganese removal. Section two after the disc filter: brightening of pulp. This division can be carried out if the disc filter pulp is diluted only by wash press filtrate before the MC storage tower. The situation is even better if there is an additional press after the disc filter, which will improve the consistency of the pulp. This has a significant effect on the peroxide concentration in the MC pre-bleaching stage. In terms of manganese content, it is essential to avoid the use of disc filter filtrate in the bleach press and wash press showers. An additional cut-off press would also be beneficial for manganese removal. As a combination of higher initial brightness and lower manganese content, the typical brightness increase varies between approximately 0.5 and 1% ISO units after the alkaline peroxide bleaching stage. This improvement does not seem to be remarkable, but as it is generally known, the final brightness unit is the most expensive and difficult to achieve. The estimation of cost savings is not unambiguous. For example in GW/TMP mill case 0.6% ISO units higher final brightness gave 10% savings in the costs of bleaching chemicals. With an hypothetical 200 000 ton annual production, this means that the mill could save in the costs of bleaching chemicals more than 400 000 euros per year. In general, it can be said that there were no differences between the behavior of different types of processes (GW, PGW, TMP and BCTMP). The enhancement of recycling gave a similar response in all cases. However, we have to remember that the utilization of residual peroxide in older mills depends a great deal on the process equipment, the amount of water available and existing pipeline connections. In summary, it can be said that processes are individual and the same solutions cannot be applied to all cases.

Advanced chemometric methods: Applicability on industrial data

Recent years have produced great advances in the instrumentation technology. The amount of available data has been increasing due to the simplicity, speed and accuracy of current spectroscopic instruments. Most of these data are, however, meaningless without a proper analysis. This has been one of the reasons for the overgrowing success of multivariate handling of such data. Industrial data is commonly not designed data; in other words, there is no exact experimental design, but rather the data have been collected as a routine procedure during an industrial process. This makes certain demands on the multivariate modeling, as the selection of samples and variables can have an enormous effect. Common approaches in the modeling of industrial data are PCA (principal component analysis) and PLS (projection to latent structures or partial least squares) but there are also other methods that should be considered. The more advanced methods include multi block modeling and nonlinear modeling. In this thesis it is shown that the results of data analysis vary according to the modeling approach used, thus making the selection of the modeling approach dependent on the purpose of the model. If the model is intended to provide accurate predictions, the approach should be different than in the case where the purpose of modeling is mostly to obtain information about the variables and the process. For industrial applicability it is essential that the methods are robust and sufficiently simple to apply. In this way the methods and the results can be compared and an approach selected that is suitable for the intended purpose. Differences in data analysis methods are compared with data from different fields of industry in this thesis. In the first two papers, the multi block method is considered for data originating from the oil and fertilizer industries. The results are compared to those from PLS and priority PLS. The third paper considers applicability of multivariate models to process control for a reactive crystallization process. In the fourth paper, nonlinear modeling is examined with a data set from the oil industry. The response has a nonlinear relation to the descriptor matrix, and the results are compared between linear modeling, polynomial PLS and nonlinear modeling using nonlinear score vectors.

Keskijänniteverkon käyttövarmuuden parantaminen verkostoautomaatiolla

Tässä työssä tutkitaan maastokatkaisijoiden ja kauko-ohjattavien erottimien kannattavia sijoituskohteita keskijänniteverkkoon. Kannattavuutta lasketaan kannattavuuslaskennalla, jonka lopputuloksena saadaan automaatiolaitteiden aiheuttama keskeytyskustannussäästö. Saaduille keskeytyskustannussäästöille lasketaan investoinnin takaisinmaksuaika, joka määrää kohteiden tärkeysjärjestyksen. Lisäksi tarkastellaan verkostomuutosten vaikutusta automaatiolaitteiden kannattavuuteen. Kannattavuuslaskentaa varten keskijänniteverkko jaetaan vyöhykkeisiin. Vyöhykkeiden avulla huomioidaan olemassa olevien kauko-ohjattavien erottimien ja varasyöttöjen vaikutukset. Laskentaparametrit määritetään yhtiön tilastoista. Tutkimuksessa on esitetty automaatiolaitteiden kannattavuuslaskentaa esimerkkikohteiden avulla, jotka on valittu keskijänniteverkon rakenteen perusteella. Maastokatkaisijoille ja kauko-ohjattaville erottimille löytyi paljon kannattavia sijoituskohteita. Maastokatkaisijalle havaittu lisäominaisuus parantaa sen kannattavuutta entisestään. Automaatiolaitteiden aiheuttamat keskeytyskustannussäästöt riippuvat siirrettävästä tehosta, vikataajuuksista ja keskeytyskustannusten arvoista, joiden vaikutusta on kuvattu herkkyystarkasteluilla.

Ekonomien ammatillisen kehittymisen tarpeet

Tämä pro gradu -tutkielma käsittelee ekonomien ammatillisen kehittymisen tarpeita muuttuvassa maailmassa, jossa ammatillinen erityisosaaminen vanhenee nopeasti. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan ekonomikunnassa koettuja ammatillisen kehittymisen tarpeita substanssin ja oppimistapojen näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää, millaisia ammatillisen kehittymisen tarpeita ekonomeilla on ja miten näihin tarpeisiin voisi vastata. Tutkimuksen pyrkimyksenä on selvittää myös, miten Suomen Ekonomiliitto SEFE voisi auttaa jäseniään kehittymään edelleen ammatillisesti. Aikuisoppimis- ja motivaatioteorioita on olemassa lukuisia. Pro gradun teoriaosassa selvitetään, miten aikuisten oppiminen tapahtuu, mitä se pitää sisällään ja mikä motivoi oppimaan. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan työelämän ekonomeille asettamia vaatimuksia tänään ja tulevaisuudessa. Pro graduni tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin sähköistä kyselyä, ja otoksena oli 2000 SEFEn jäsenrekisteristä poimittua ekonomia. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että heterogeenisen ekonomikunnan näkemykset ammatillisen kehittymisen tarpeista ja varsinkin juuri itselle sopivista koulutusmuodoista eroavat melko paljon. Tärkeimmiksi ekonomiosaamisen osa-alueiksi nousivat seikat, joista on hyötyä muuttuvan maailman mukana pysymisessä, kuten valmius omaksua uusia asioita ja ongelmanratkaisutaito. Seuraavaksi tärkeimmäksi osaamisalueeksi nimettiin yleinen talouden tuntemus. Kehittää tulisi paitsi näitä osa-alueita, myös erilaisia johtamistaitoja. Tulosten mukaan suurin este ammatilliselle lisäkoulutukselle on ajan puute. Kyselyn vastauksissa painotettiin koulutuksesta saatavaa hyötyä suhteessa siihen laitettuihin panostuksiin. Kiireessä priorisoidaan työssä oppimista ja lyhyitä täsmäkoulutuksia.

Visualization of communication system testing logs

During the past decades testing has matured from ad-hoc activity into being an integral part of the development process. The benefits of testing are obvious for modern communication systems, which operate in heterogeneous environments amongst devices from various manufacturers. The increased demand for testing also creates demand for tools and technologies that support and automate testing activities. This thesis discusses applicability of visualization techniques in the result analysis part of the testing process. Particularly, the primary focus of this work is visualization of test execution logs produced by a TTCN-3 test system. TTCN-3 is an internationally standardized test specification and implementation language. The TTCN-3 standard suite includes specification of a test logging interface and a graphical presentation format, but no immediate relationship between them. This thesis presents a technique for mapping the log events to the graphical presentation format along with a concrete implementation, which is integrated with the Eclipse Platform and the OpenTTCN Tester toolchain. Results of this work indicate that for majority of the log events, a visual representation may be derived from the TTCN-3 standard suite. The remaining events were analysed and three categories relevant in either log analysis or implementation of the visualization tool were identified: events indicating insertion of something into the incoming queue of a port, events indicating a mismatch and events describing the control flow during the execution. Applicability of the results is limited into the domain of TTCN-3, but the developed mapping and the implementation may be utilized with any TTCN-3 tool that is able to produce the execution log in the standardized XML format.

Irtokappaleiden hallinnan nykytila ja kehittäminen Loviisan voimalaitoksella

Ydinvoimateollisuudessa irtokappaleella tarkoitetaan prosessiin kuulumatonta materiaalia, joka ei luonnostaan kuulu prosessiin ja jolla prosessiin jäädessään voi olla haitallinen vaikutus sen toimintaan, komponentteihin tai kemiaan. Irtokappaleet voivat aiheuttaa monenlaisia haittoja ydinvoimalaitoksen turvalliselle ja taloudelliselle käytölle. Vaikka ydinvoimalaitoksen käytössä turvallisuus on aina etusijalla, negatiiviset vaikutukset turvallisuuteen heijastuvat usein myös talouteen. Diplomityössä arvioitiin erilaisia irtokappaleiden aiheuttamia riskejä ydinvoimalan toiminnalle käyttötapahtumia analysoimalla. Erilaisiin tapahtumiin, niiden aiheuttajiin ja vaikutusmekanismeihin tutustumisen jälkeen tutkittiin Loviisan voimalaitoksen käyttämiä toimintatapoja irtokappaleiden hallitsemiseksi. Irtokappaleiden hallintaan pyritään sekä hallinnollisilla että käytännön menetelmillä. Hallinnollisia menetelmiä ovat esimerkiksi ohjeistojärjestelmä ja johtaminen, käytännön menettelytapoja esimerkiksi työtavat ja koulutus. Irtokappaleiden hallinnan menetelmiin tutustuttiin sekä tehoajolla että vuosihuollon aikana. Nykytilan arvioinnin perusteella esitettiin toimenpide-ehdotuksia irtokappaleiden hallinnan kehittämiseksi. Toimenpide-ehdotukset muodostettiin sekä korjaamaan havaittuja haavoittuvuuksia että kehittämään toimintaa kansainvälisesti hyviksi tunnistettujen käytäntöjen mukaisiksi.

Utilization of Incident Reporting in The Finnish Maritime Industry

Marine traffic is expected to increase rapidly in the future, both in the Baltic Sea and in the Gulf of Finland. As the number of vessels in the area increases, so does the risk of serious marine accidents. To help prevent such accidents in the future, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has put forth the International Safety Management Code (the ISM Code), which aims to improve the safety of the vessels. The second work package of the Development of maritime safety culture (METKU) project investigates the effects of the ISM Code and potential areas of improvement in maritime safety. The first phase in the work package used a literature review to determine how maritime safety culture could be improved. Continuous improvement, management commitment and personnel empowerment and motivation were found to be essential. In the second phase, shipping companies and administrators were interviewed. It was discovered that especially incident reporting based on continuous improvement was felt to be lacking. This third phase aims to take a closer look at incident reporting and suggest improvements based on the findings. Both the IMO and national legislation encourage shipping companies in incident reporting, and on the national level a shared incident reporting system (ForeSea) is being pushed forward. The objective of this research project was to find out the IMO’s attitude towards incident reporting, to establish a theoretical framework of reference in incident reporting, and to observe how reporting is actually being employed on the seas. Existing incident reporting systems were also researched. The study was carried out using a literature review and the results previously gathered in interviews. The results of phase two were elaborated further for themes relating to incident reporting. According to the findings of this research, the theoretical background of incident reporting dates back to the early 20th century. Although some theories are widely accepted, some have also received criticism. The lack of a concise, shared terminology poses major difficulties in maritime incident reporting and in determining its efficiency. A central finding is the fact that existing incident reporting focuses mostly on information flow away from the ship, whereas the backward information flow is much less planned and monitored. In incident reporting, both nationally and internationally, stakeholders are plenty. The information produced by these parties is scattered, however, and thus not very usable. Based on this research, the centralizing of this information should be made a priority. Traditionally, the success of incident reporting has been determined statistically, from the number of reported incidents. Yet existing reporting systems have not been designed with such statistical analysis in mind, so different methodologies might yield a more comprehensive view. The previous findings of seafarers and management (including shipping companies and administration) having differing views on safety work and safety management were backed up by the results of this study. Seafarers find seamanship and storytelling important, while management wants a more systematic and broad approach on safety matters. The research project was carried out by the Centre for Maritime Studies of the University of Turku, in the Kotka unit (Maritime Logistics Research), with coordination by the Kotka Maritime Research Centre. The major financiers of the project were the European Union and the city of Kotka. The financing authority was the Regional Council of Päijät-Häme. Partners in the project were the shipping companies Finnlines Oyj, Kristina Cruises Oy, Meriaura Oy and VG-Shipping Oy, and the ports of Helsinki, Kotka and Hamina. The partners provided both funding for the project and information for the research.

Työntömastotrukkien tuotannon optimointi

Tutkimuksessa luodaan Tuko Logistics Oy:n työntömastotrukkien toimintaa opti-moivia toimintaehdotuksia varastonohjausjärjestelmästä saatavan työntömastotruk-kidatan pohjalta. Tutkimus on toteutettu haastattelututkimuksena ja käyttäen apuna tieteellisiä julkaisuja. Tehtävien lomittamistutkimuksen ja loogiseen päättelyn tulok-sena on luotu kaksi toimintaehdotusta: A ja B. Toimintaehdotusten vaikutuksia van-haan järjestelmään verrataan mittareilla, joista osa on tehty jonoteorian jonomallien laskukaavojen pohjalta. Mittareita ovat: tehdyt tehtävät tunnissa, tuottamattoman ajon suhde tuottavaan, normaalitehtäväjonon pituus ja normaalitehtäväjonon koko-naisodotusaika. Toimintaehdotus B osoittautuu tehokkaammaksi ehdotukseksi, mutta Toimintaehdotus A:lla voi varmistaa tehtävien riittämisen työntömastotrukeille. Tut-kimuksessa ehdotetaan myös muita työntömastotrukkien toimintaa optimoivia muu-toksia, jotka voidaan ottaa käyttöön jokaisessa toimintamallissa.

Tasehallinnan kehittäminen Suomen sähkömarkkinoilla

Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena oli tutkia tasehallinnan kehittämismahdollisuuksia Suomessa järjestelmävastaavan näkökulmasta. Sähköjärjestelmässä tulee vallita jatkuvasti tasapaino tuotannon ja kulutuksen välillä, tämän järjestelmävastaavan vastuulla olevan tasapainon ylläpitoa kutsutaan tehotasapainon hallinnaksi. Työssä pääasiasiallinen huomio oli markkinalähtöisessä tehotasapainon hallinnan kehittämisessä. Tuotantosuunnitelmat ovat ratkaisevassa osassa sähköjärjestelmän muutoksia ennustettaessa ja suunniteltaessa. Pääasiassa tutkimus kohdistuu tuotantosuunnitelmien tarkentamisen mahdollisuuksien analysointiin sekä tarkentamisesta aiheutuvien muutosten selvittämiseen. Työn yhteydessä toteutettiin sopivalla otannalla kyselytutkimus, jonka oli tarkoitus antaa tietoa Eurooppalaisista käytännöistä asian suhteen. Tutkimusten pohjalta päädyttiin malliin, jossa tuotantosuunnitelmien jaksonpituutta lyhennettäisiin nykyisestä 60 minuutista 15 minuuttiin. 15 minuutin jaksonpituus ulottuisi koko tuotantotaseen käsittelyyn, mukaan lukien säätösähkömarkkinat ja muut tehokaupat.

Regional innovation strategies and sustainability in selected EU countries

This study focuses on regional innovation strategy (RIS) and sustainability aspects in selected regions of European Union (EU) countries. It is known that RIS helps a region to innovate locally and to compete globally and it is considered as one of the main policy tools of the EU for innovation support at a regional level. This study is conducted to explore the existence and adoption of RIS in different regions of selected EU countries, and to highlight and compare regional RIS characteristics. The study is also aimed at identifying the factors that characterise the formulation and implementation of RIS as well as the problems associated thereof. In this study, six regions of EU countries are considered: Päijät-Häme Region (Finland); London Region (United Kingdom); Mid-West Region (Ireland); Veneto Region (Italy); Eastern Region (Poland); and West Region (Romania). Data and information are collected by sending questionnaires to the respective regional authorities of these selected regions. Based on the gathered information and analysis, RIS or equivalent strategy document serves as a blueprint for forwarding innovative programmes towards regional sustainability. The objectives of RIS in these regions are found to be dependent on the priority sectors and state of the region’s development. The current environmental sustainability aspects are focused on eco-design, eco-products, and eco-innovation, although each region also has its own specific aspects supported by RIS. Likewise, regional policies typically follow the RIS yet translated in various sectoral focus or priority areas. The main enhancing factors supporting RIS among selected regions have some similarities and variations; among others, some regions are strongly supported by EU while others have support from own regional agencies, organisations and professional networks. RIS implementation is not without challenges and despite the differences in challenges, almost all of reviewed regions consider financial resource as a common problem. Generally, it is learned from this study that RIS and regional sustainability are reinforcing each other mutually. In this study, the strong focus is given towards environmental sustainability in the regions although regional sustainability also includes economic and social aspects. A well-focused and prioritised RIS is beneficial for regional sustainable development.

Pankki- ja vakuutustoiminnan asiakaskannattavuus ja asiakkuuksien johtaminen

The main objective of this master’s thesis was to determine, what are the insights, challenges and problems related to differing business logics and principles of income generation and how can they be integrated in a financial group with insurance and banking operations from the perspective of customer profitability. Review of the industrial specific features had a high priority in the study. The study is a qualitative case study with empirical data collected from semi-structured interviews. Qualitative research method was chosen since it produces kind of data required to answer the research questions. Interviewees were chosen from different organizational levels to achieve a comprehensive big picture of the subject. The key result of the study is that the most important factor for the customer profitability on the financial sector is to find and fulfill the customer needs with a comprehensive service package. Also long-term customer relationships were considered significant and customer life cycle assessment essential. In the case-organization the most significant factors in this process were a strong local presence and the tacit knowledge of the customers’ business and activities, although there are major challenges in systematic exploitation of this information. The management of the customer profitability in case-organization faces great challenges because of the history of growth via acquisitions, which has led to so-called “problem of the two balance sheets”, conflict in corporate culture and establishment of the mutual goals and performance measurement.

Suunnittelun mahdollisuudet alumiiniveneen rungon valmistuskustannusten optimointiin mitoitusdirektiivi huomioiden

Tässä diplomityössä tutkittiin valmistuksellisia ja rakenteellisia mahdollisuuksia alumiiniveneen rungon valmistuskustannusten optimointiin vallitseva runkomitoitusdirektiivi huomioiden. Varsinaista kustannussäästötavoitetta työlle ei määritetty, mutta tavoitteena oli selvittää runkokonstruktion kustannusten painopisteiden mukaisesti kehityskohteet ja uusi kehitetty runkokonstruktio, joka täyttää mitoitusdirektiivin vaatimukset. Nykyistä ja kehitettyä runkokonstruktiota verrataan kustannusten sekä valmistettavuuden kannalta ja tehdään johtopäätökset. Kehityskohteiden löytämisessä sovellettiin valmistus- ja kokoonpanoystävällisen suunnittelun DFM(A)-periaatteita ja teoriaa, jotka esiteltiin työn teoriaosuudessa. Valmistuskustannusten määrittämisen tueksi teoriaosuudessa esiteltiin hitsauksen ja osavalmistuksen (laserleikkaus, särmäys) kustannusmallit, joita hyödynnettiin soveltuvin osin kustannuslaskennassa. Merkittävänä osana selvitystyötä oli myös SFS-EN ISO 12215-5-(6) runkomitoitusstandardin tulkitseminen ja referointi työn kannalta merkittäviin osa - alueisiin. Nykyisen runkokonstruktion kustannusanalyysin ja valmistettavuusarvion pohjalta päädyttiin rakenteellisiin ja valmistuksellisiin kehitystoimenpiteisiin, jotka täyttävät runkomitoitusdirektiivin rakenteelliset vaatimukset. Rakenteelliset toimenpiteet käsittivät mm. materiaalivahvuuksien, jäykisterakenteen ja osamäärän optimointia. Valmistukselliset toimenpiteet liittyivät mm. hitsauksen tuottavuuden tehostamiseen ja sen kustannusvaikutuksiin. Rakenteellisilla kehitystoimenpiteillä olisi mahdollista saavuttaa noin 6 % säästö ja valmistusmenetelmien kehittämisellä noin 17 % säästö valmistuskustannuksista.

Some advances in mathematical models for preference relations

Preference relations, and their modeling, have played a crucial role in both social sciences and applied mathematics. A special category of preference relations is represented by cardinal preference relations, which are nothing other than relations which can also take into account the degree of relation. Preference relations play a pivotal role in most of multi criteria decision making methods and in the operational research. This thesis aims at showing some recent advances in their methodology. Actually, there are a number of open issues in this field and the contributions presented in this thesis can be grouped accordingly. The first issue regards the estimation of a weight vector given a preference relation. A new and efficient algorithm for estimating the priority vector of a reciprocal relation, i.e. a special type of preference relation, is going to be presented. The same section contains the proof that twenty methods already proposed in literature lead to unsatisfactory results as they employ a conflicting constraint in their optimization model. The second area of interest concerns consistency evaluation and it is possibly the kernel of the thesis. This thesis contains the proofs that some indices are equivalent and that therefore, some seemingly different formulae, end up leading to the very same result. Moreover, some numerical simulations are presented. The section ends with some consideration of a new method for fairly evaluating consistency. The third matter regards incomplete relations and how to estimate missing comparisons. This section reports a numerical study of the methods already proposed in literature and analyzes their behavior in different situations. The fourth, and last, topic, proposes a way to deal with group decision making by means of connecting preference relations with social network analysis.

Esisuunnitteluohjelmiston kehitys BFB-höyrykattiloille

Tämä diplomityö käsittelee Andritz Oy:n BFB-voimalaitosten tarjoustoimintaan kehitettävää esisuunnitteluohjelmistoa. Tässä työssä on esitelty kattiloiden tarjoustoimintaan liittyviä seikkoja etenkin laskennan ja tekniikan näkökulmasta. Työssä on myös koottu tietoa polttoaineista ja BFB-kattiloiden suunnittelusta ja mitoituksesta. Työn aikana kehitettiin ohjelmisto, jolla on mahdollista luoda eri BFB-kattila tarjousprojekteja. Projekteille on mahdollista luoda useita eri taselaskelmia eri lähtöarvoilla ja useilla eri polttoaineilla, sekä niiden seoksilla. Ohjelmakehityksessä painotettiin suunnittelun joustavuutta eri konfiguraatioille, mahdollisimman tarkkaa laskentaa ja ylläpidon merkitystä. Ohjelmistokehityksessä päätettiin käyttää Microsoft Excel ohjelmistoa laskentaympäristönä. Tällöin pystyttiin luomaan käyttäjille tuttu käyttöympäristö ja mahdollistaa vanhojen hyväksi todettujen laskentapohjien käyttö apuna kehityksessä. Tämä mahdollistaa myös ylläpidon toimialueen ammattilaisten toimesta jatkossa.