Evaluation of Bubble Formation and Break Up in Suppression Pools by Using Pattern Recognition Methods

During a possible loss of coolant accident in BWRs, a large amount of steam will be released from the reactor pressure vessel to the suppression pool. Steam will be condensed into the suppression pool causing dynamic and structural loads to the pool. The formation and break up of bubbles can be measured by visual observation using a suitable pattern recognition algorithm. The aim of this study was to improve the preliminary pattern recognition algorithm, developed by Vesa Tanskanen in his doctoral dissertation, by using MATLAB. Video material from the PPOOLEX test facility, recorded during thermal stratification and mixing experiments, was used as a reference in the development of the algorithm. The developed algorithm consists of two parts: the pattern recognition of the bubbles and the analysis of recognized bubble images. The bubble recognition works well, but some errors will appear due to the complex structure of the pool. The results of the image analysis were reasonable. The volume and the surface area of the bubbles were not evaluated. Chugging frequencies calculated by using FFT fitted well into the results of oscillation frequencies measured in the experiments. The pattern recognition algorithm works in the conditions it is designed for. If the measurement configuration will be changed, some modifications have to be done. Numerous improvements are proposed for the future 3D equipment.

Mappe-Monde, ou, Carte générale du globe terrestre representée en deux plan-hémispheres reveiie et changée en plusieurs endroits suivant les rélations les plus récentes

Julkaisussa: Cartes générales de la géographie ancienne et nouvelle, ou les empires, monarchies, royaumes, estats, républiques, et peuples. Vol I

L' hémisphère méridional pour voir plus distinctement les terres australes où se voyent les nouvelles découvertes faites en 1739 au sud du Cap de Bonne Esperance = waar in aangetoont werd de nieuwe ontdekkingen gedaam in t'jaar 1739 bezuiden de Caap de Goede Hoop

Lisäkartta: Plan et vue des terres du Cap de la Circoncision situé à 54 degrées de lat. méridiole et environ à 28 deg. 30 min. de longitude = Plan et gezigt van de landen van de Caap der Besnydenis gelegen op 54 gr. zuider br. en omtrent op 28 gr. 30 min. - Eteläisen pallonpuoliskon halkaisija 44,6 cm

Gearing Towards Omnichannel Grocery Retail Through Business Model Innovation

Technological innovations and the advent of digitalization have led retail business into one of its biggest transformations of all time. Consumer behaviour has changed rapidly and the customers are ever more powerful, demanding, tech-savvy and moving on various plat-forms. These attributes will continue to drive the development and robustly restructure the architecture of value creation in the retail business. The largest retail category, grocery yet awaits for a real disruption, but the signals for major change are already on the horizon. The first wave of online grocery retail was introduced in the mid 1990’s and it throve until millennium. Many overreactions, heavy investments and the burst IT-bubble almost stag-nated the whole industry for a long period of time. The second wave started with a venge-ance around 2010. Some research was carried out during the first wave from a single-viewpoint of online grocery retail, but without a comprehensive approach to online-offline business model integration. Now the accelerating growth of e-business has initiated an increased interest to examine the transformation from traditional business models towards e-business models and their integration on the companies’ traditional business models. This research strove to examine how can we recognize and analyze how digitalization and online channels are affecting the business models of grocery retail, by using business mod-el canvas as an analysis tool. Furthermore business model innovation and omnichannel retail were presented and suggested as potential solutions for these changes. 21 experts in online grocery industry were being interviewed. The thoughts of the informants were being qualitatively analysed by using an analysis tool called the business model canvas. The aim of this research was to portray a holistic view on the Omnichannel grocery retail business model, and the value chain, in which the case company Arina along with its partners are operating. The key conclusions exhibited that online grocery retail business model is not an alterna-tive model nor a substitute for the traditional grocery retail business model, though all of the business model elements are to some extent affected by it, but rather a complementary business model that should be integrated into the prevailing, conventional grocery retail business model. A set of business model elements, such as value proposition and distribu-tion channels were recognized as the most important ones and sources of innovation within these components were being illustrated. Segments for online grocery retail were empiri-cally established as polarized niche markets in contrast of the segmented mass-market of the conventional grocery retail. Business model innovation was proven to be a considera-ble method and a conceptual framework, by which to come across with new value proposi-tions that create competitive advantage for the company in the contemporary, changing business environment. Arina as a retailer can be considered as a industry model innovator, since it has initiated an entire industry in its market area, where other players have later on embarked on, and in which the contributors of the value chain, such as Posti depend on it to a great extent. Consumer behaviour clearly affects and appears everywhere in the digi-talized grocery trade and it drives customers to multiple platforms where retailers need to be present. Omnichannel retail business model was suggested to be the solution, in which the new technologies are being utilized, contemporary consumer behaviour is embedded in decision-making and all of the segments and their value propositions are being served seamlessly across the channels.

Rippi-lasten coetus kysymyxet, sittecuin he owat Jumalan kymmenen käskyin, ja mniden [sic] christin opin pääcappalitten selityxet läpitze käynet, lyhykäisten kysymysten ja wastausten canssa, toisesta uscon cappalesta, nijn myös, autuuden perustuxest, järjestyxest, ja wälicappaleista. Joihin myös muutamia muitakin kysymyxiä, synnin tundemisest ja oikiast catumuxest, sopiwaisesti sisälle temmatan, coetelda, jos he owat rippischoulusa jo opennet sen cuin heidän opeta tule; lasten opettamisesa edesmenneinä wuosina, ja erinomattain tänä wuonna rippischoulusa harjoteldut, caikille yxinkertaisille hywäxi neuwoxi, opetuxexi, ja muistutuxexi, mitä ennengin jo opetettu olis, yhteen wedetyt: jotca kysymyxet, ynnä rippilasten oman coetuxen canssa casten lijton rickomisest ja uudistuxest, Nousiaisten pappilasta on wuonna 1766 pränttijn andanut Abraham Achrenius

Arkit: A-B12.

Christillisen meidän autuudemma opin perustuxet lyhykäisisä kysymyxisä ja wastauxisa, nijn kuin ne, erinomattain rippi lapsille, sitte kuin he catechismuxensa opin auttawasti ulkoa ja sisäldä lukia taitawat, ensimmäisen walmistuxen alla Herran korkiast kallille ehtolliselle, lukkareilda ensin, ja sen jälken pappiudelta, taitaan edespidettää ja pandaa. Jotka yhteenkoottuina on ulosandanut S.H

Arkit: A-D8.

Ensimmäiset pookstawit Jumalan sanasta, eli kysymyxet lapsille edespandawat, se on: ne ensimmäiset ja yxikertaisimmat kysymyxet christillisesä opisa, joitten tygö pannut wastauxet lasten ymmärryxeen ja muistohon painettaman pitää, hamasta sijtä, kuin he rupewat puhumaan, nijn ikää myöden sijhen asti, kuin he a.b.c. kirjan ja catechismuxen, sisäldä ja ulkoo lukemaan selkiästi oppineet owat. Edesannetut yxikertaisille; waan erinomattain nijlle awuxi, jotka yhteisen-kansan seasa lapsia kirjaa lukemaan opettawat, kuinga heidän opettamisen siwusa, myös opetus-lastensa ymmärryxet, sijhen kuin he lukewat, johdattaman pitää, sitä oikein ymmärtämään. Daniel Godeniuxelda. Mutta nytt suomalaisille suosioxi, ruotzin kielestä suomen kielexi käätyt ja wälimitten paratut

Arkit: A-B8.

Rippi-lasten coetus kysymyxet, sittecuin he owat Jumalan kymmenen käskyin, ja mniden [sic] christin opin pääcappalitten selityxet läpitze käynet, lyhykäisten kysymysten ja wastausten canssa, toisesta uscon cappalesta, nijn myös, autuuden perustuxest, järjestyxest, ja wälicappaleista. Joihin myös muutamia muitakin kysymyxiä, synnin tundemisest ja oikiast catumuxest, sopiwaisesti sisälle temmatan, coetelda, jos he owat rippischoulusa jo opennet sen cuin heidän opeta tule; lasten opettamisesa edesmenneinä wuosina, ja erinomattain tänä wuonna rippischoulusa harjoteldut, caikille yxinkertaisille hywäxi neuwoxi, opetuxexi, ja muistutuxexi, mitä ennengin jo opetettu olis, yhteen wedetyt: jotca kysymyxet, ynnä rippilasten oman coetuxen canssa casten lijton rickomisest ja uudistuxest, Nousiaisten pappilasta on wuonna 1766 pränttijn andanut Abraham Achrenius

Arkit: A-B12.

Christillisen meidän autuudemma opin perustuxet lyhykäisisä kysymyxisä ja wastauxisa, nijn kuin ne, erinomattain rippi lapsille, sitte kuin he catechismuxensa opin auttawasti ulkoa ja sisäldä lukia taitawat, ensimmäisen walmistuxen alla Herran korkiast kallille ehtolliselle, lukkareilda ensin, ja sen jälken pappiudelta, taitaan edespidettää ja pandaa. Jotka yhteenkoottuina on ulosandanut S.H

Arkit: A-D8.

Ensimmäiset pookstawit Jumalan sanasta, eli kysymyxet lapsille edespandawat, se on: ne ensimmäiset ja yxikertaisimmat kysymyxet christillisesä opisa, joitten tygö pannut wastauxet lasten ymmärryxeen ja muistohon painettaman pitää, hamasta sijtä, kuin he rupewat puhumaan, nijn ikää myöden sijhen asti, kuin he a.b.c. kirjan ja catechismuxen, sisäldä ja ulkoo lukemaan selkiästi oppineet owat. Edesannetut yxikertaisille; waan erinomattain nijlle awuxi, jotka yhteisen-kansan seasa lapsia kirjaa lukemaan opettawat, kuinga heidän opettamisen siwusa, myös opetus-lastensa ymmärryxet, sijhen kuin he lukewat, johdattaman pitää, sitä oikein ymmärtämään. Daniel Godeniuxelda. Mutta nytt suomalaisille suosioxi, ruotzin kielestä suomen kielexi käätyt ja wälimitten paratut

Arkit: A-B8.

Rippi-lasten koetus kysymyxet: sitte kuin he owat Jumalan kymmenen käskyin, ja muiden christin opin pääkappalitten selityxet läpitse käynet, lyhykäisten kysymysten ja wastausten kanssa ...

Imprimatur: Åbo 5.7.1764 Christ. Johnsson, S. ven. cons. eccl. Ab. v. not.

Lyhykäinen neuwo katumattomillen syntisillen: mitä heidän pitää puoleltansa tekemän, että he oikein ja wähän ajan sisällä tulisiwat kääntyneeksi

Laine ja Perälän mukaan suomentanut Henrik Renqvist.

“He who plants a tree – Plants a hope.” Reforestation possibilities in Tingana, Peru

Tropical forests have decreased drastically especially in the Peruvian Amazon. In Peru deforestation is caused especially by migrant people; building of houses and infrastructure, clearing land for agricultural purposes and illegal logging and mining. Deforestation results in hindering ecosystem vitality, boosting climate change and decreasing livelihood possibilities. As a counterpoint to cutting down trees there is reforestation, which refers to re-establishment of forest cover. Deforestation and reforestation can be analysed in the light of Forest Transition theory. According to it, due to economic growth, the amount forest cover first diminishes but then starts to increase as the economy in general strengthens. Thus, the research framework is set to this theory. In this study the focus is on analysing socioeconomically sustainable reforestation possibilities in the community of Tingana, Peru. It is situated in a municipal conservation area around which deforestation has been heavy. Land cover change is analysed from LandsatTM satellite images covering a 15 year time period, 1995–2010, in the surroundings of the study area. Semi-structured interviews have been done with a sample size of 25 people and shed light on the perspectives on forests, reforestation and economical activities. The synthesis created from the two methods gives information about the possibilities to enforce reforestation in Tingana and the phase of forest transition in the area. The results show that forest cover has decreased around the surroundings of Tingana leaving the conservation area isolated from larger forest areas. Knowing that forest cover has also decreased inside the conservation area due to agricultural expansion it is certain that fragmentation harms biodiversity causing changes in local climate, which can have knock-on effects for farming and local livelihoods. Therefore reforestation is welcomed when it ensures both conservation and financial benefits and when carried out on locals’ terms. Regarding conservation and incomes the best option would be to plant native timber species together with fruit production species to create agroforestry systems. Economically the community should aim towards an economy that relies on ecotourism as it already practiced in the area. Reforestation could increase ecotourism, which then could in turn increase reforestation via revenues. Regarding forest transition it is likely that forest re-establishment will occur if reforestation along with ecotourism is implemented on long time scale.