Sepsis pélvica en la intervención de Hartmann bajo

Valorem la presència d'abscesos pèlvics (AP) associats al monyó rectal en la intervenció de Hartmann (IH) baixa o ultrabaixa. Pacients amb carcinoma de recte i cirurgia electiva, que s'els va realitzar una IH. Es van incloure 49 pacients, 32,7% van desenvolupar un AP. L'anàlisi univariant l'edat, el consum de tabac, MPOC, la IH de necessitat i el tancament del monyó rectal amb sutura manual, van ser factors de risc per al seu desenvolupament. L'anàlisi multivariant, el consum de tabac i la sutura manual van ser factors de risc.

Implicación Pronóstica de la Disfunción Miocárdica Asociada a la Sepsis

La sepsis es la patologia mes freqüent que es presenta en els malalts ingressats a les nostres unitats de medicina intensiva. Un alt percentatge dels malalts que ingressen per xoc sèptic presenten disfunció miocárdica associada a la sepsis. L’objectiu d’aquest treball es avaluar les característiques d’aquests malalts en el nostre medi, així com els possibles factors predisponents, si la disfunció miocárdica associada a la sepsis augmenta la mortalitat en aquests malalts o l’estança mitja a la nostra unitat. Per tot això es realitza una primera part de recerca bibliográfica que introdueix als nostres resultats i la discussió dels mateixos.

Marcadores biológicos y clearance de lactato como factores pronóstico de mortalidad en la sepsis.

La sèpsia és la resposta del organisme davant una agresió externa, com a resultat de la interacció de l'agent agressor amb l'organisme agredit. Malgrat els dels avanços i les noves guias continua essent, una de les patologies més freqüents a les unitats de cures intensives. A més a més de la sospita clínica, són necesaris altres marcadors que ens ajudin al diagnóstic per a iniciar un tractament agresiu precoç. En aquest traball s'estudia una cohort de pacients, observant si la determinació dels valors lactat arterial (puntual i evolutiu) i l'aclarament de lactat com a marcadors de l'oxigenació tisular, poden servir com a guia per a una correcta resucitació, i si poden tenir valor pronòstic. Es realitza una comparació amb la resta dels biomarcadors, estudiant el seu comportament seqüencial a la sèpsia.

Common Variants of TLR1 Associate with Organ Dysfunction and Sustained Pro- Inflammatory Responses during Sepsis

Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical components for host pathogen recognition and variants in genes participating in this response influence susceptibility to infections. Recently, TLR1 gene polymorphisms have been found correlated with whole blood hyper-inflammatory responses to pathogen-associated molecules and associated with sepsis-associated multiorgan dysfunction and acute lung injury (ALI). We examined the association of common variants of TLR1 gene with sepsis-derived complications in an independent study and with serum levels for four inflammatory biomarker among septic patients. Methodology/Principal Findings: Seven tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms of the TLR1 gene were genotyped in samples from a prospective multicenter case-only study of patients with severe sepsis admitted into a network of intensive care units followed for disease severity. Interleukin (IL)-1 b, IL-6, IL-10, and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels were measured at study entry, at 48 h and at 7th day. Alleles -7202G and 248Ser, and the 248Ser-602Ile haplotype were associated with circulatory dysfunction among severe septic patients (0.001<=p <= 0.022), and with reduced IL-10 (0.012<= p <=0.047) and elevated CRP (0.011<= p <=0.036) serum levels during the first week of sepsis development. Additionally, the -7202GG genotype was found to be associated with hospital mortality (p =0.017) and ALI (p =0.050) in a combined analysis with European Americans, suggesting common risk effects among studies Conclusions/Significance: These results partially replicate and extend previous findings, supporting that variants of TLR1 gene are determinants of severe complications during sepsis.

¿Sepsis en LES?. Anticoagulante lúpico. Cuatro casos clínicos pediátricos

En el lupus eritematoso diseminado no son infrecuentes los trastornos de la coagulación, con hemorragias, que incluso en ocasiones pueden ser la primera manifestación; si además se añade fiebre puede malinterpretarse como un cuadro infeccioso, sabre todo si se acompaña de la presencia de anticoagulante lúpico (inmunoglobulina presente en el l0-25% de los casos, con afinidad por los fosfolípidos cargados negativamente, que impide que el proceso de coagulación in vitro se desarrolle normalmente), ya que se asemejará a una sepsis con coagulopatía. Los cuatro casas reseñados son ejemplos de esta situación. Una minuciosa anamnesis y examen clínico, la correcta interpretación de los exámenes complementarios junto con la sospecha diagnóstica son básicos en la orientación de estos pacientes.

Fluidoterapia guiada con PICCO en pacientes con shock séptico

El tratamiento de la hipovolemia es uno de los principios en la resucitación inicial de la sepsis severa y su tratamiento inicial es mediante la infusión de líquidos endovenosos. A menudo, esta infusión de líquidos resulta inefectiva, y si seguimos insistiendo, puede provocar edema a diferentes órganos e incrementar el agua extravascular pulmonar (EVLW) favoreciendo la aparición del síndrome de distres respiratorio del adulto. En este trabajo se avalúa la utilidad de los parámetros del PICCO (Volumétricos y EVLW) como guía para la administración de fluidos en las primeras 48horas del shock séptico en pacientes postoperados con shock séptico.

Evaluación de un nuevo método de sutura para la cirugía endoscopica transluminal a través de orificios naturales en un modelo animal

Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) is a novel, potentially less invasive alternative to laparoscopic surgery. However, the problems of transluminal access and closure represent significant obstacles to its successful introduction in humans. Objective: to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel device designed for transluminal access and closure in a survival porcine model. Subjects: Four adult female Yorkshire pigs were used in the study. Interventions: While under general anesthesia, the animals were prepared with multiple tap water enemas followed by instillation of an antibiotic suspension and povidone-iodine lavage. At a distance of 15 to 20 cm from the anus, the prototype device (LSI Solutions, Victor, NY, USA) deployed a circumscribing purse-string suture around the planned incision site and subsequently used a blade mechanism to create a 2.5-cm linear incision. The transcolonic incision was then closed by cinching and securing the purse-string suture with a titanium knot by use of a separate hand-activated suture-locking device. Main Outcome Measurements: The animals were monitored daily for signs of peritonitis and sepsis and were survived for 14 days. The peritoneal cavity was examined for peritonitis, and the colonic incision site was examined for wound dehiscence, pericolic abscess formation, and gross adhesions. Tissue samples from both incisional and random peritoneal sites were obtained for histologic examination. Results: Transcolonic incision and closure were successful in all 4 animals. The device performed in a rapid and reproducible fashion. All animals recovered without septic complications. At necropsy, there was no evidence of peritonitis, abscesses, or wound dehiscence. Salpingocolonic and colovesicular adhesions were noted in 3 of 4 animals. Histologic examination revealed microabscesses at the incision site in all animals. Conclusions: The prototype incision and closure device represents a promising solution to the problems of transluminal access for NOTES. The presence of incision-related adhesions and microabscesses signal the need for further refinement in aseptic technique. 

Efectividad de la Vacuna Neumocócica Polisacarida Polivalente en la prevención de enfermedad invasiva por neumococo en personas mayores de 60 años.

INTRODUCCIÓ La vacuna pneumocòccica polisacàrida polivalent (VPP-23) es recomana en ancians i persones d'alt risc. No obstant això, la seva efectivitat en la prevenció d'infeccions per pneumococ és controvertida. Aquest estudi avalua l'efectivitat de la vacunació en la prevenció de malaltia pneumocòccica invasiva (MPI) en persones majors de 60 anys. METODOLOGIA Estudi poblacional de casos i controls en el qual es van incloure 88 pacients majors de 60 anys amb MPI (Pneumònia bacteriana, meningitis o sepsis) confirmada per laboratori, i 176 controls que van ser assignats segons Centre d'Atenció Primària, edat, sexe i nivell de risc. La regressió logística condicional va ser usada per a estimar la odds ràtio (OR) segons cada condició clínica. L'efectivitat de la vacuna va ser estimada segons (1-OR) x100. RESULTATS L'efectivitat de la vacunació pneumocòccica va ser significativament mes baixa en casos que en controls (38.6% vs 59.1%; p=0.002). L'efectivitat ajustada va anar de 72% (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.15-0.54) per a MPI i 77% (OR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.08-0.60) per als serotips vacunals inclosos en la VPP-23. La vacunació va ser efectiva per a l'MPI tant en el grup d'edat de 60-79 anys (OR 0.32; 95% CI: 0.14-0.74) com en el grup de 80 anys o mes (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09-0.91). L'efectivitat vacunal va ser estadísticament significativa en persones d'alt risc inmunocompetents (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11-0.79) així com en persones inmunocompromeses (OR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03- 0.53). CONCLUSIÓ Aquestes troballes confirmen l'efectivitat de la vacuna pneumocòccia polisacàrida polivalent (VPP-23) en l'MPI, i el benefici en la prevenció d'infecció invasiva en persones de risc i en ancians.

Evaluación de la respuesta cardiovascular a dobutamina en la disfunción miocárdica asociada al shock séptico

Objetivos: 1. Evaluar la respuesta cardiovascular a dobutamina en la disfunción miocárdica secundaria a shock séptico. 2. Determinar si el análisis de la respuesta cronotrópica refleja la respuesta inotrópica. Material y métodos: pacientes con shock séptico y disfunción miocárdica (Fracción eyección ventrículo izquierdo, FEVI < 45%) que recibieron dobutamina (5 µg/kg/min) por persistencia de hipoperfusión tisular. Antes y 30 min después de su administración se recogieron parámetros ecocardiográficos y parámetros hemodinámicos. Datos: media y SD. Análisis estadístico mediante test de Wilcoxon /Mann Whitney. Resultados: Se incluyeron 22 pacientes. Dobutamina produjo un incremento significativo en la FC (90 ± 17 vs 107 ± 20 lpm, p < 0.0001), la FEVI (34 ± 7 vs 47 ± 10 %, p < 0.0001), el VSi eco (24.9 ± 5.9 vs 30 ± 7.4 ml/m2, p < 0.01) y el VSi td (28.6 ± 10.3 vs 34.7 ± 13.8 ml/m2, p < 0.005). Sólo tres pacientes no incrementaron ni FC ni VSi td. Respuesta cronotrópica significativa: sensibilidad 69% y especificidad 37% para detectar la respuesta inotrópica. Conclusiones: Dobutamina mejora la función cardiovascular en la disfunción miocárdica asociada a sepsis.

NAD(P)H oxidase modulates angiogenesis and the development of portosystemic collaterals and splanchnic hyperaemia in portal hypertensive rats.

Then, the expression of angiogenesis markers (western blotting), the formation of portosystemic collaterals (radioactive microspheres) and the production of superoxide anion (lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence) were determined. Mean arterial pressure, portal pressure, and superior mesenteric arterial blood flow and resistance were also measured.Results: In portal hypertensive rats, NAD(P)H oxidase blockade significantly decreased portosystemic collateral formation, and superior mesenteric arterial flow. It also reduced the splanchnic expression of VEGF, VEGF receptor-2 and CD31, and attenuated the increased production of superoxide, compared with vehicle.Conclusions: NAD(P)H oxidase plays an important role in experimental portal hypertension, modulating splanchnic angiogenesis, the formation of portosystemic collaterals and the development of splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation. These results suggest that NAD(P)H oxidase may represent a new target in the treatment of portal hypertension.

Effect of maternal clinical chorioamnionitis on neonatal morbidity in very-low birthweight infants: a case control study

Aims: To assess the relationship between maternal clinical chorioamnionitis and neonatal outcome in preterm very-low birthweight (VLBW) infants. Methods: An observational case-control study was conducted in the Neonatology Services of 12 acute-care teaching hospitals in Spain. Between January 2004 and December 2006, all consecutive VLBW (F1500 g) infants born to a mother with clinical chorioamnionitis were enrolled. Controls were infants without chorioamnionitis matched by gestational age who were born immediately after each index case. Results: There were 165 cases and 163 controls. A significantly higher percentage of cases than controls required intubation (53% vs. 35.8%), had normal intrauterine growth (98.1% vs. 84.7%), were born in a tertiary center (inborn) (95.1% vs. 89.1%), from single gestations (76.4% vs. 65.6%) and vaginal delivery (47.3% vs. 33.3%), showed a lowerApgar score at 5 min, and presented a higher rate of earlyonset sepsis (10.4% vs. 1.2%). Older maternal age (32.5 vs. 30.8 years), premature labor (67.3% vs. 25.8%), premature rupture of membranes (61.3% vs. 25.8%), and antibiotic treatment (88.5% vs. 52.3%) were significantly more frequent among cases than controls. Conclusions: After controlling by gestational age, maternal chorioamnionitis was associated with neonatal depression and early sepsis but not with other prematurity-related complications.

Effect of maternal clinical chorioamnionitis on neonatal morbidity in very-low birthweight infants: a case control study

Aims: To assess the relationship between maternal clinical chorioamnionitis and neonatal outcome in preterm very-low birthweight (VLBW) infants. Methods: An observational case-control study was conducted in the Neonatology Services of 12 acute-care teaching hospitals in Spain. Between January 2004 and December 2006, all consecutive VLBW (F1500 g) infants born to a mother with clinical chorioamnionitis were enrolled. Controls were infants without chorioamnionitis matched by gestational age who were born immediately after each index case. Results: There were 165 cases and 163 controls. A significantly higher percentage of cases than controls required intubation (53% vs. 35.8%), had normal intrauterine growth (98.1% vs. 84.7%), were born in a tertiary center (inborn) (95.1% vs. 89.1%), from single gestations (76.4% vs. 65.6%) and vaginal delivery (47.3% vs. 33.3%), showed a lowerApgar score at 5 min, and presented a higher rate of earlyonset sepsis (10.4% vs. 1.2%). Older maternal age (32.5 vs. 30.8 years), premature labor (67.3% vs. 25.8%), premature rupture of membranes (61.3% vs. 25.8%), and antibiotic treatment (88.5% vs. 52.3%) were significantly more frequent among cases than controls. Conclusions: After controlling by gestational age, maternal chorioamnionitis was associated with neonatal depression and early sepsis but not with other prematurity-related complications.

Effect of maternal clinical chorioamnionitis on neonatal morbidity in very-low birthweight infants: a case control study

Aims: To assess the relationship between maternal clinical chorioamnionitis and neonatal outcome in preterm very-low birthweight (VLBW) infants. Methods: An observational case-control study was conducted in the Neonatology Services of 12 acute-care teaching hospitals in Spain. Between January 2004 and December 2006, all consecutive VLBW (F1500 g) infants born to a mother with clinical chorioamnionitis were enrolled. Controls were infants without chorioamnionitis matched by gestational age who were born immediately after each index case. Results: There were 165 cases and 163 controls. A significantly higher percentage of cases than controls required intubation (53% vs. 35.8%), had normal intrauterine growth (98.1% vs. 84.7%), were born in a tertiary center (inborn) (95.1% vs. 89.1%), from single gestations (76.4% vs. 65.6%) and vaginal delivery (47.3% vs. 33.3%), showed a lowerApgar score at 5 min, and presented a higher rate of earlyonset sepsis (10.4% vs. 1.2%). Older maternal age (32.5 vs. 30.8 years), premature labor (67.3% vs. 25.8%), premature rupture of membranes (61.3% vs. 25.8%), and antibiotic treatment (88.5% vs. 52.3%) were significantly more frequent among cases than controls. Conclusions: After controlling by gestational age, maternal chorioamnionitis was associated with neonatal depression and early sepsis but not with other prematurity-related complications.

Tromboflebitis profundas en la edad infantil

Se recogen cinco casos de variada etiolog{a (osteomielitis del ilíaco, coma diabético hiperosmolar, sepsis meningocócica con shock y C.I.D., traumatismo de cadera y cateterización de vena femoral) que cursaron con tromboflebitis profunda de vasos importantes (venas iliofemoral, femoral y tibial posterior). Se analiza la etiopatogenia de la trombogénesis y los tres principales grupos de afecciones que van a originar enfermedad tromboembólica, aquellas que producen estado de hipercoagulabilidad, las que producen alteración hemodinámica con estasis, y las causantes de lesión tisular. Finalmente se recuerda la clínica, metodos diagnósticos y tratamiento actual de esta entidad poco frecuente en la edad pediátrica

Insuficiencia renal aguda

PROTOCOLOS TERAPEUTICOS. Insuficiéncia renal aguda. SOSPECHA Ausencia de diuresis espontánea en las prirneras 36 h. de vida. Existencia de factores de riesgo por la anamnesis (hipoxia, hemorragia, sepsis, etc.)...