546 resultados para Aprenentatge -- Treball en equip -- Congressos
Resumo:
The purpose of this article is to treat a currently much debated issue, the effects of age on second language learning. To do so, we contrast data collected by our research team from over one thousand seven hundred young and adult learners with four popular beliefs or generalizations, which, while deeply rooted in this society, are not always corroborated by our data.Two of these generalizations about Second Language Acquisition (languages spoken in the social context) seem to be widely accepted: a) older children, adolescents and adults are quicker and more efficient at the first stages of learning than are younger learners; b) in a natural context children with an early start are more liable to attain higher levels of proficiency. However, in the context of Foreign Language Acquisition, the context in which we collect the data, this second generalization is difficult to verify due to the low number of instructional hours (a maximum of some 800 hours) and the lower levels of language exposure time provided. The design of our research project has allowed us to study differences observed with respect to the age of onset (ranging from 2 to 18+), but in this article we focus on students who began English instruction at the age of 8 (LOGSE Educational System) and those who began at the age of 11 (EGB). We have collected data from both groups after a period of 200 (Time 1) and 416 instructional hours (Time 2), and we are currently collecting data after a period of 726 instructional hours (Time 3). We have designed and administered a variety of tests: tests on English production and reception, both oral and written, and within both academic and communicative oriented approaches, on the learners' L1 (Spanish and Catalan), as well as a questionnaire eliciting personal and sociolinguistic information. The questions we address and the relevant empirical evidence are as follows: 1. "For young children, learning languages is a game. They enjoy it more than adults."Our data demonstrate that the situation is not quite so. Firstly, both at the levels of Primary and Secondary education (ranging from 70.5% in 11-year-olds to 89% in 14-year-olds) students have a positive attitude towards learning English. Secondly, there is a difference between the two groups with respect to the factors they cite as responsible for their motivation to learn English: the younger students cite intrinsic factors, such as the games they play, the methodology used and the teacher, whereas the older students cite extrinsic factors, such as the role of their knowledge of English in the achievement of their future professional goals. 2 ."Young children have more resources to learn languages." Here our data suggest just the opposite. The ability to employ learning strategies (actions or steps used) increases with age. Older learners' strategies are more varied and cognitively more complex. In contrast, younger learners depend more on their interlocutor and external resources and therefore have a lower level of autonomy in their learning. 3. "Young children don't talk much but understand a lot"This third generalization does seem to be confirmed, at least to a certain extent, by our data in relation to the analysis of differences due to the age factor and productive use of the target language. As seen above, the comparably slower progress of the younger learners is confirmed. Our analysis of interpersonal receptive abilities demonstrates as well the advantage of the older learners. Nevertheless, with respect to passive receptive activities (for example, simple recognition of words or sentences) no great differences are observed. Statistical analyses suggest that in this test, in contrast to the others analyzed, the dominance of the subjects' L1s (reflecting a cognitive capacity that grows with age) has no significant influence on the learning process. 4. "The sooner they begin, the better their results will be in written language"This is not either completely confirmed in our research. First of all, we perceive that certain compensatory strategies disappear only with age, but not with the number of instructional hours. Secondly, given an identical number of instructional hours, the older subjects obtain better results. With respect to our analysis of data from subjects of the same age (12 years old) but with a different number of instructional hours (200 and 416 respectively, as they began at the ages of 11 and 8), we observe that those who began earlier excel only in the area of lexical fluency. In conclusion, the superior rate of older learners appears to be due to their higher level of cognitive development, a factor which allows them to benefit more from formal or explicit instruction in the school context. Younger learners, however, do not benefit from the quantity and quality of linguistic exposure typical of a natural acquisition context in which they would be allowed to make use of implicit learning abilities. It seems clear, then, that the initiative in this country to begin foreign language instruction earlier will have positive effects only if it occurs in combination with either higher levels of exposure time to the foreign language, or, alternatively, with its use as the language of instruction in other areas of the curriculum.
Resumo:
The purpose of this article is to treat a currently much debated issue, the effects of age on second language learning. To do so, we contrast data collected by our research team from over one thousand seven hundred young and adult learners with four popular beliefs or generalizations, which, while deeply rooted in this society, are not always corroborated by our data.Two of these generalizations about Second Language Acquisition (languages spoken in the social context) seem to be widely accepted: a) older children, adolescents and adults are quicker and more efficient at the first stages of learning than are younger learners; b) in a natural context children with an early start are more liable to attain higher levels of proficiency. However, in the context of Foreign Language Acquisition, the context in which we collect the data, this second generalization is difficult to verify due to the low number of instructional hours (a maximum of some 800 hours) and the lower levels of language exposure time provided. The design of our research project has allowed us to study differences observed with respect to the age of onset (ranging from 2 to 18+), but in this article we focus on students who began English instruction at the age of 8 (LOGSE Educational System) and those who began at the age of 11 (EGB). We have collected data from both groups after a period of 200 (Time 1) and 416 instructional hours (Time 2), and we are currently collecting data after a period of 726 instructional hours (Time 3). We have designed and administered a variety of tests: tests on English production and reception, both oral and written, and within both academic and communicative oriented approaches, on the learners' L1 (Spanish and Catalan), as well as a questionnaire eliciting personal and sociolinguistic information. The questions we address and the relevant empirical evidence are as follows: 1. "For young children, learning languages is a game. They enjoy it more than adults."Our data demonstrate that the situation is not quite so. Firstly, both at the levels of Primary and Secondary education (ranging from 70.5% in 11-year-olds to 89% in 14-year-olds) students have a positive attitude towards learning English. Secondly, there is a difference between the two groups with respect to the factors they cite as responsible for their motivation to learn English: the younger students cite intrinsic factors, such as the games they play, the methodology used and the teacher, whereas the older students cite extrinsic factors, such as the role of their knowledge of English in the achievement of their future professional goals. 2 ."Young children have more resources to learn languages." Here our data suggest just the opposite. The ability to employ learning strategies (actions or steps used) increases with age. Older learners' strategies are more varied and cognitively more complex. In contrast, younger learners depend more on their interlocutor and external resources and therefore have a lower level of autonomy in their learning. 3. "Young children don't talk much but understand a lot"This third generalization does seem to be confirmed, at least to a certain extent, by our data in relation to the analysis of differences due to the age factor and productive use of the target language. As seen above, the comparably slower progress of the younger learners is confirmed. Our analysis of interpersonal receptive abilities demonstrates as well the advantage of the older learners. Nevertheless, with respect to passive receptive activities (for example, simple recognition of words or sentences) no great differences are observed. Statistical analyses suggest that in this test, in contrast to the others analyzed, the dominance of the subjects' L1s (reflecting a cognitive capacity that grows with age) has no significant influence on the learning process. 4. "The sooner they begin, the better their results will be in written language"This is not either completely confirmed in our research. First of all, we perceive that certain compensatory strategies disappear only with age, but not with the number of instructional hours. Secondly, given an identical number of instructional hours, the older subjects obtain better results. With respect to our analysis of data from subjects of the same age (12 years old) but with a different number of instructional hours (200 and 416 respectively, as they began at the ages of 11 and 8), we observe that those who began earlier excel only in the area of lexical fluency. In conclusion, the superior rate of older learners appears to be due to their higher level of cognitive development, a factor which allows them to benefit more from formal or explicit instruction in the school context. Younger learners, however, do not benefit from the quantity and quality of linguistic exposure typical of a natural acquisition context in which they would be allowed to make use of implicit learning abilities. It seems clear, then, that the initiative in this country to begin foreign language instruction earlier will have positive effects only if it occurs in combination with either higher levels of exposure time to the foreign language, or, alternatively, with its use as the language of instruction in other areas of the curriculum.
Resumo:
Se presenta un TFG (Trabajo de Final de Grado) que se realizó durante el curso académico 2011-12 en el Grado de Farmacia de la UB. Su objetivo fue describir los conocimientos y opiniones de los estudiantes del Grado de Farmacia-UB, respecto a la prevención de enfermedades de transmisión sexual y embarazos no deseados.
Resumo:
Se determina la relevancia y la modalidad de trabajo (Presencial, semipresencial o no presencial) del conjunto de las cinco sub-competencias (Capacidad de análisis y de síntesis - Aplicar conocimientos a la práctica - Resolver problemas y tomar deci-siones - Capacitado para adaptarse a nuevas situaciones - Asumir responsabilida-des), ligadas a la competencia transversal Capacidad de aprendizaje y responsabili-dad, en los estudios de grado de Ciencias de la Salud de la UB y URL.
Resumo:
En el marco del Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior y dentro de los estudios de Grado de Enfermería, la importancia de las prácticas radica en que el alumno pueda situar los aprendizajes teóricos dentro de un marco real; así mismo se fomenta el análisis crítico dentro del ámbito de actuación. Durante la realización de las prácticas clínicas en los CAPs se pide al alumnado que haga por escrito una reflexión de su aprendizaje. El aprendizaje reflexivo pretende que el estudiante tome conciencia de su propio proceso de aprendizaje y mantenga un compromiso activo con su formación para mejorar la adquisición de sus habilidades profesiona-les.
Resumo:
La metodología basada en el estudio de casos constituye una estrategia docente que ha sido de gran utilidad en la asignatura de Fisiopatología de la Licenciatura de Farmacia desde el año 2002. Esta estrategia se ha continuado aplicando en la asig-natura de Fisiología y Fisiopatología II del actual Grado en Farmacia, así como en otras asignaturas de postgrado, como es el caso de la asignatura “Intolerancias y Alergias Alimentarias” del Master en Nutrición y Metabolismo (URV-UB). En el marco del proyecto 2010PID-UB/38, se estableció como objetivo el diseño de actividades de aprendizaje de tipo funcional, implementadas en el entorno del Campus Virtual, que permitieran desarrollar diversas competencias transversales.
Resumo:
Se determina la relevancia y la modalidad de trabajo (Presencial, semipresencial o no presencial) del conjunto de las cinco sub-competencias (Capacidad de análisis y de síntesis - Aplicar conocimientos a la práctica - Resolver problemas y tomar deci-siones - Capacitado para adaptarse a nuevas situaciones - Asumir responsabilida-des), ligadas a la competencia transversal Capacidad de aprendizaje y responsabili-dad, en los estudios de grado de Ciencias de la Salud de la UB y URL.
Resumo:
El desarrollo de la tecnología móvil ha evolucionado rápidamente en la última déca-da. La disponibilidad de los dispositivos móviles entre nuestros estudiantes -especialmente teléfonos inteligentes y tabletas- permite a los alumnos tener acceso a la información en línea y a las actividades del curso sin restricciones de tiempo y lugar y de forma totalmente ubicua. Nuestra sociedad en los últimos años ha avan-zado hacia un nuevo estilo de vida de la mano de la tecnología móvil hasta el punto que el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje también está iniciando un cambio de pa-radigma dado que cada vez más los estudiantes aprenderán y compartirán a través de dispositivos móviles. El aprendizaje móvil, también conocido como M-learning, se encuentra todavía en una etapa incipiente en muchas instituciones universitarias, pero la creciente adaptación a los dispositivos móviles de las plataformas virtuales -por ejemplo Moodle- asegura su popularidad a corto plazo en el ámbito de la ense-ñanza superior.
Resumo:
Se determina la relevancia y la modalidad de trabajo (Presencial, semipresencial o no presencial) del conjunto de las cinco sub-competencias (Capacidad de análisis y de síntesis - Aplicar conocimientos a la práctica - Resolver problemas y tomar deci-siones - Capacitado para adaptarse a nuevas situaciones - Asumir responsabilida-des), ligadas a la competencia transversal Capacidad de aprendizaje y responsabili-dad, en los estudios de grado de Ciencias de la Salud de la UB y URL.
Resumo:
En el present treball hem tractat d'aportar una visió actual del món de les dades obertes enllaçades en l'àmbit de l'educació. Hem revisat tant les aplicacions que van dirigides a implementar aquestes tecnologies en els repositoris de dades existents (pàgines web, repositoris d'objectes educacionals, repositoris de cursos i programes educatius) com a ser suport de nous paradigmes dins del món de l'educació.
Resumo:
El Centre obert apareix com una resposta idònia per a l'atenció social a la població infantil compresa entre els 3/4 i 16/18 anys. Parlar de Centre Obert és fer referencia a l'exercici d'una important responsabilitat pública, a saber: aportar nous models i oportunitats de socialització a subjectes amb certes dificultats de normalització. Les dites dificultats corresponen a diferents reptes que avui planteja el social.
Resumo:
L’objectiu del següent treball és buscar les diferències en l’estil de joc ofensiu (en els gols aconseguits) entre un equip consolidat a la 1a divisió espanyola (F.C Barcelona) i un equip d’ascens recent (Elx C.F). Per aconseguir-ho, s’analitzen els gols a favor per part dels dos equips durant les primeres 25 jornades de lliga 2013/2014. A través d’un full d’observació i tangent en compte totes les seves categories, es classifiquen cada un dels gols segons l’estil de joc ofensiu al qual pertany (Joc Combinatiu, Joc Directe o Joc Contraatac). Els resultats obtinguts demostren com existeixen diferències significatives en la utilització dels diferents estils de joc entre els dos equips. A més també es mostren diferències rellevants pel que fa al nombre total de gols aconseguits, en la presència d’una regularitat temporal (durant les 25 jornades) d’utilització d’un estil o altre i en la relació temporal (durant el partit) dels gols aconseguits entre els dos equips analitzats.
Resumo:
L’objectiu del present estudi es realitzar una proposta i una aplicació pràctica per comprovar els efectes d’entrenament que genera sobre la velocitat amb el canvi de direcció. Per poder dur a terme la investigació, es van reunir a 11 jugadores (11.25 ± 0.79 d’edat) d’un mateix equip que competeixen a la categoria aleví. Es va crear un grup experimental (GEX) format per sis jugadores, el qual va ser sotmès al programa d’entrenament juntament al realitzat habitualment amb el seu equip. Els exercicis realitzats en el programa eren de pliometria amb salts a tanques petites i a bancs, circuits de carreres amb canvis de direcció i exercicis pliomètrics de baix impacte mitjançant un treball de peus coordinatius a l’escala de coordinació, tot això, alternat amb els jocs tradicionals de persecució i oposició. Es va crear un segon grup, anomenat grup control (GC) format per cinc jugadores, les quals només van realitzar el seu treball de futbol habitual amb el seu equip. Els protocols d’avaluació van ser el Test Illinois i el T-Test abans de l’inici del programa i després de l’aplicació pràctica amb el grup experimental. Es va establir un nivell de significació de p<0.05. Els resultats al final de l’estudi van mostrar que el grup GEX va millorar de manera estadísticament significativa en els dos tests, tot i això, el grup GC va obtenir una millora encara més significativa que el GEX en el Test Illinois. Això ens demostra que el programa d’entrenament realitzat es més efectiu en T-Test que no pas en el Test Ilinois.
Resumo:
Les persones estem en constant desenvolupament i socialització, i cada context en el qual ens veiem involucrats té sobre nosaltres el poder de modificar les nostres conductes. El criteri de partida és que el context esportiu també exerceix aquest domini sobre els individus que hi participen, motiu pel qual en aquest treball es pretén estudiar la influència de certs factors en el desenvolupament de la pràctica esportiva. De manera més detallada, l’objectiu que es busca és estudiar la influència conductual de l’entrenador en el procés d’aprenentatge de l’esportista. A partir d’aquest estudi s’obtindrà un perfil de com ha de ser un bon entrenador i les condicions que s’han de donar en l’esportista perquè els aprenentatges esdevinguin significatius, la qual cosa portarà a la funcionalitat i la millora del rendiment esportiu.
Resumo:
Amb aquest treball es pretén comprovar, si l’aplicació d’un conjunt d’activitats dirigides a treballar les emocions, millora les habilitats socials dels alumnes d’Educació Infantil. En primer lloc, es presenta un marc teòric basat en les aportacions i els descobriments de diferents autors sobre diversos aspectes relacionats amb les emocions i, sobre la importància de crear un bon clima dins d’una aula. Posteriorment es presenta el desenvolupament de les activitats que s’han posat en pràctica a l’aula. Per últim, es fa un anàlisi de les dades recollides en aquest estudi i se’n mostren els resultats i les conclusions que s’han extret.