El discurs regulatiu a l'Aula. El gènere i el discurs regulatiu a la classe de matemàtiques

Aquest article pretén estudiar el discurs regulatiu a l'aula. Concretament, es vol observar si determinades característiques socials en el grup d'alumnes porten a l'ús diferenciat del discurs regulatiu del mestre.

Aberrant features of the Messinian coral reefs, Spain

Se describen someramente los principales arrecifes del Messiniense en España, haciendo hincapié en el conjunto de 'anomalias' presentan los arrecifes del Neógeno inferior en comparación con las asociaciones arrecifales actuales. Se discute la importancia y significado de Porites sp. como coral claramente dominante, y a menudo exclusivo, en la construcción de edificios arrecifales.

Beyond the net generation debate: A comparison of digital learners in face-to-face and virtual universities

In the last decade, an important debate has arisen about the characteristics of today"s students due to their intensive experience as users of ICT. The main belief is that frequent use of technologies in everyday life implies that competent users are able to transfer their digital skills to learning activities. However, empirical studies developed in different countries reveal similar results suggesting that the"digital native" label does not provide evidence of a better use of technology to support learning. The debate has to go beyond the characteristics of the new generation and focus on the implications of being a learner in a digitalised world. This paper is based on the hypothesis that the use of technology to support learning is not related to whether a student belongs to the Net Generation, but that it is mainly influenced by the teaching model. The study compares behaviour and preferences towards ICT use in two groups of university students: face-to-face students and online students. A questionnaire was applied to a sample of students from five universities with different characteristics (one offers online education and four offer face-to-face education with LMS teaching support). Findings suggest that although access to and use of ICT is widespread, the influence of teaching methodology is very decisive. For academic purposes, students seem to respond to the requirements of their courses, programmes, and universities. There is a clear relationship between students" perception of usefulness regarding certain ICT resources and their teachers" suggested uses of technologies. The most highly rated technologies correspond with those proposed by teachers. The study shows that the educational model (face-to-face or online) has a stronger influence on students" perception of usefulness regarding ICT support for learning than the fact of being a digital native.

The differentiable chain functor is not homotopy equivalent to the continuous chain functor

Let $S_*$ and $S_*^\{infty}$ be the functors of continuous and differentiable singular chains on the category of differentiable manifolds. We prove that the natural transformation $i: S_*^\infty \rightarrow S_*$, which induces homology equivalences over each manifold, is not a natural homotopy equivalence.

Nuevas famílias, nuevas maternidades

El concepto de familia en la actualidad es bastante distinto al de hace algunas décadas. En este trabajo se explican cuáles son los principales cambios que ha sufrido y cómo ello influye en la natalidad, la crianza de los niños o en los roles que desempeñan padres y madres. También se analizan los principales motivos y consecuencias de la escasez de una política familiar en nuestro país.

Anàlisi dels indicadors de la gestió per processos de la docència pràctica a la Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) de la Facultat de Farmàcia

[eng] In the Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) of the Faculty of Pharmacy a Quality System has been implemented to improve the management of the training laboratories and to introduce practical aspects of this system in the formation of the students. In the last years, we have designed the process map, and the flowcharts with the corresponding key point tables from which the indicators have been identified. The main objective of this work was to found a system that allows the evaluation of the ULD service, the teaching innovation introduced as well as the grade of implication of the lecturers who teach practical training and thus are directly responsible for the formation of the students. The values obtained for the operating ULD procedures correspond to the data from obligatory courses, with practical teaching in the ULD laboratories, of Pharmacy and Food Science and Technology degrees for the 2005-06 academic year. [spa] En la Unidad de Laboratorios Docentes (ULD) de la Facultad de Farmacia, se ha implantado un sistema de gestión de la calidad con el objetivo de mejorar la gestión de la docencia práctica y a su vez introducir aspectos prácticos de la gestión de la calidad en la formación de los estudiantes. En los últimos años se ha elaborado el mapa de procesos, el diagrama de flujo y la ficha de cada proceso a partir de la cual ha sido posible la identificación de los indicadores. El Prat, J. et al. Edusfarm, revista d"educació superior en Farmàcia. Núm. 2. 2007 2 principal objetivo del presente trabajo es buscar un sistema que permita evaluar el propio funcionamiento de la ULD, la innovación realizada así como el grado de implicación de los profesores que imparten la docencia práctica y que son responsables directos de la formación de los estudiantes. Los valores obtenidos para los procesos operativos de la ULD provienen de los datos generados en el curso académico 2005-2006 en las asignaturas troncales de las Licenciaturas de Farmacia y de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos.

Anàlisi dels indicadors de la gestió per processos de la docència pràctica a la Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) de la Facultat de Farmàcia

[eng] In the Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) of the Faculty of Pharmacy a Quality System has been implemented to improve the management of the training laboratories and to introduce practical aspects of this system in the formation of the students. In the last years, we have designed the process map, and the flowcharts with the corresponding key point tables from which the indicators have been identified. The main objective of this work was to found a system that allows the evaluation of the ULD service, the teaching innovation introduced as well as the grade of implication of the lecturers who teach practical training and thus are directly responsible for the formation of the students. The values obtained for the operating ULD procedures correspond to the data from obligatory courses, with practical teaching in the ULD laboratories, of Pharmacy and Food Science and Technology degrees for the 2005-06 academic year. [spa] En la Unidad de Laboratorios Docentes (ULD) de la Facultad de Farmacia, se ha implantado un sistema de gestión de la calidad con el objetivo de mejorar la gestión de la docencia práctica y a su vez introducir aspectos prácticos de la gestión de la calidad en la formación de los estudiantes. En los últimos años se ha elaborado el mapa de procesos, el diagrama de flujo y la ficha de cada proceso a partir de la cual ha sido posible la identificación de los indicadores. El Prat, J. et al. Edusfarm, revista d"educació superior en Farmàcia. Núm. 2. 2007 2 principal objetivo del presente trabajo es buscar un sistema que permita evaluar el propio funcionamiento de la ULD, la innovación realizada así como el grado de implicación de los profesores que imparten la docencia práctica y que son responsables directos de la formación de los estudiantes. Los valores obtenidos para los procesos operativos de la ULD provienen de los datos generados en el curso académico 2005-2006 en las asignaturas troncales de las Licenciaturas de Farmacia y de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos.

Combination of diffusion tensor and functional magnetic resonance imaging during recovery from the vegetative state

Background: The rate of recovery from the vegetative state (VS) is low. Currently, little is known of the mechanisms and cerebral changes that accompany those relatively rare cases of good recovery. Here, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study the evolution of one VS patient at one month post-ictus and again twelve months later when he had recovered consciousness. Methods fMRI was used to investigate cortical responses to passive language stimulation as well as task-induced deactivations related to the default-mode network. DTI was used to assess the integrity of the global white matter and the arcuate fasciculus. We also performed a neuropsychological assessment at the time of the second MRI examination in order to characterize the profile of cognitive deficits. Results: fMRI analysis revealed anatomically appropriate activation to speech in both the first and the second scans but a reduced pattern of task-induced deactivations in the first scan. In the second scan, following the recovery of consciousness, this pattern became more similar to that classically described for the default-mode network. DTI analysis revealed relative preservation of the arcuate fasciculus and of the global normal-appearing white matter at both time points. The neuropsychological assessment revealed recovery of receptive linguistic functioning by 12-months post-ictus. Conclusions: These results suggest that the combination of different structural and functional imaging modalities may provide a powerful means for assessing the mechanisms involved in the recovery from the VS.

Combination of diffusion tensor and functional magnetic resonance imaging during recovery from the vegetative state

Background: The rate of recovery from the vegetative state (VS) is low. Currently, little is known of the mechanisms and cerebral changes that accompany those relatively rare cases of good recovery. Here, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study the evolution of one VS patient at one month post-ictus and again twelve months later when he had recovered consciousness. Methods fMRI was used to investigate cortical responses to passive language stimulation as well as task-induced deactivations related to the default-mode network. DTI was used to assess the integrity of the global white matter and the arcuate fasciculus. We also performed a neuropsychological assessment at the time of the second MRI examination in order to characterize the profile of cognitive deficits. Results: fMRI analysis revealed anatomically appropriate activation to speech in both the first and the second scans but a reduced pattern of task-induced deactivations in the first scan. In the second scan, following the recovery of consciousness, this pattern became more similar to that classically described for the default-mode network. DTI analysis revealed relative preservation of the arcuate fasciculus and of the global normal-appearing white matter at both time points. The neuropsychological assessment revealed recovery of receptive linguistic functioning by 12-months post-ictus. Conclusions: These results suggest that the combination of different structural and functional imaging modalities may provide a powerful means for assessing the mechanisms involved in the recovery from the VS.

Combination of diffusion tensor and functional magnetic resonance imaging during recovery from the vegetative state

Background: The rate of recovery from the vegetative state (VS) is low. Currently, little is known of the mechanisms and cerebral changes that accompany those relatively rare cases of good recovery. Here, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study the evolution of one VS patient at one month post-ictus and again twelve months later when he had recovered consciousness. Methods fMRI was used to investigate cortical responses to passive language stimulation as well as task-induced deactivations related to the default-mode network. DTI was used to assess the integrity of the global white matter and the arcuate fasciculus. We also performed a neuropsychological assessment at the time of the second MRI examination in order to characterize the profile of cognitive deficits. Results: fMRI analysis revealed anatomically appropriate activation to speech in both the first and the second scans but a reduced pattern of task-induced deactivations in the first scan. In the second scan, following the recovery of consciousness, this pattern became more similar to that classically described for the default-mode network. DTI analysis revealed relative preservation of the arcuate fasciculus and of the global normal-appearing white matter at both time points. The neuropsychological assessment revealed recovery of receptive linguistic functioning by 12-months post-ictus. Conclusions: These results suggest that the combination of different structural and functional imaging modalities may provide a powerful means for assessing the mechanisms involved in the recovery from the VS.

Anàlisi dels indicadors de la gestió per processos de la docència pràctica a la Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) de la Facultat de Farmàcia

[eng] In the Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) of the Faculty of Pharmacy a Quality System has been implemented to improve the management of the training laboratories and to introduce practical aspects of this system in the formation of the students. In the last years, we have designed the process map, and the flowcharts with the corresponding key point tables from which the indicators have been identified. The main objective of this work was to found a system that allows the evaluation of the ULD service, the teaching innovation introduced as well as the grade of implication of the lecturers who teach practical training and thus are directly responsible for the formation of the students. The values obtained for the operating ULD procedures correspond to the data from obligatory courses, with practical teaching in the ULD laboratories, of Pharmacy and Food Science and Technology degrees for the 2005-06 academic year. [spa] En la Unidad de Laboratorios Docentes (ULD) de la Facultad de Farmacia, se ha implantado un sistema de gestión de la calidad con el objetivo de mejorar la gestión de la docencia práctica y a su vez introducir aspectos prácticos de la gestión de la calidad en la formación de los estudiantes. En los últimos años se ha elaborado el mapa de procesos, el diagrama de flujo y la ficha de cada proceso a partir de la cual ha sido posible la identificación de los indicadores. El Prat, J. et al. Edusfarm, revista d"educació superior en Farmàcia. Núm. 2. 2007 2 principal objetivo del presente trabajo es buscar un sistema que permita evaluar el propio funcionamiento de la ULD, la innovación realizada así como el grado de implicación de los profesores que imparten la docencia práctica y que son responsables directos de la formación de los estudiantes. Los valores obtenidos para los procesos operativos de la ULD provienen de los datos generados en el curso académico 2005-2006 en las asignaturas troncales de las Licenciaturas de Farmacia y de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos.

Anàlisi dels indicadors de la gestió per processos de la docència pràctica a la Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) de la Facultat de Farmàcia

[eng] In the Unitat de Laboratoris Docents (ULD) of the Faculty of Pharmacy a Quality System has been implemented to improve the management of the training laboratories and to introduce practical aspects of this system in the formation of the students. In the last years, we have designed the process map, and the flowcharts with the corresponding key point tables from which the indicators have been identified. The main objective of this work was to found a system that allows the evaluation of the ULD service, the teaching innovation introduced as well as the grade of implication of the lecturers who teach practical training and thus are directly responsible for the formation of the students. The values obtained for the operating ULD procedures correspond to the data from obligatory courses, with practical teaching in the ULD laboratories, of Pharmacy and Food Science and Technology degrees for the 2005-06 academic year. [spa] En la Unidad de Laboratorios Docentes (ULD) de la Facultad de Farmacia, se ha implantado un sistema de gestión de la calidad con el objetivo de mejorar la gestión de la docencia práctica y a su vez introducir aspectos prácticos de la gestión de la calidad en la formación de los estudiantes. En los últimos años se ha elaborado el mapa de procesos, el diagrama de flujo y la ficha de cada proceso a partir de la cual ha sido posible la identificación de los indicadores. El Prat, J. et al. Edusfarm, revista d"educació superior en Farmàcia. Núm. 2. 2007 2 principal objetivo del presente trabajo es buscar un sistema que permita evaluar el propio funcionamiento de la ULD, la innovación realizada así como el grado de implicación de los profesores que imparten la docencia práctica y que son responsables directos de la formación de los estudiantes. Los valores obtenidos para los procesos operativos de la ULD provienen de los datos generados en el curso académico 2005-2006 en las asignaturas troncales de las Licenciaturas de Farmacia y de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos.

Opciones terapéuticas en quistes odontogénicos. Revisión

Los huesos maxilares constituyen asiento de una gran variedad de quistes y neoplasias que pueden ser de difícil diagnóstico. De entre todos los procesos tumorales que se dan en el territorio maxilofacial, los quistes son de gran importancia debido a la frecuencia de su presentación. Los quistes maxilares tienen distinto origen y comportamiento clínico. A partir de la clasificación de la OMS de 1992, esta revisión estudia las características clínicas, radiográficas y epidemiológicas de los quistes del desarrollo odontógenos. Una adecuada exploración clínica y radiográfica por parte del odontólogo es suficiente para alcanzar un diagnóstico de presunción. Las consideraciones clínicas y terapéuticas de cada uno de estos quistes son variables, por lo que es necesario conocer el comportamiento epidemiológico de ellos. El diagnóstico de presunción, el tamaño de la lesión y la relación de esta con estructuras anatómicas vecinas condicionará el tipo de tratamiento. El diagnóstico definitivo lo dictaminará el análisis anatomopatológico.

Cost-effectiveness of a community pharmacist intervention in patients with depression: a randomized controlled trial (PRODEFAR study)

Background: Non-adherence to antidepressants generates higher costs for the treatment of depression. Little is known about the cost-effectiveness of pharmacist's interventions aimed at improving adherence to antidepressants. The study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a community pharmacist intervention in comparison with usual care in depressed patients initiating treatment with antidepressants in primary care. Methods: Patients were recruited by general practitioners and randomized to community pharmacist intervention (87) that received an educational intervention and usual care (92). Adherence to antidepressants, clinical symptoms, Quality-Adjusted Life-Years (QALYs), use of healthcare services and productivity losses were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Results: There were no significant differences between groups in costs or effects. From a societal perspective, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for the community pharmacist intervention compared with usual care was 1,866 for extra adherent patient and 9,872 per extra QALY. In terms of remission of depressive symptoms, the usual care dominated the community pharmacist intervention. If willingness to pay (WTP) is 30,000 per extra adherent patient, remission of symptoms or QALYs, the probability of the community pharmacist intervention being cost-effective was 0.71, 0.46 and 0.75, respectively (societal perspective). From a healthcare perspective, the probability of the community pharmacist intervention being cost-effective in terms of adherence, QALYs and remission was of 0.71, 0.76 and 0.46, respectively, if WTP is 30,000. Conclusion: A brief community pharmacist intervention addressed to depressed patients initiating antidepressant treatment showed a probability of being cost-effective of 0.71 and 0.75 in terms of improvement of adherence and QALYs, respectively, when compared to usual care. Regular implementation of the community pharmacist intervention is not recommended.

Evaluation of a pharmacist intervention on patients initiating pharmacological treatment for depression: a randomized controlled superiority trial

Major depression is associated with high burden, disability and costs. Non-adherence limits the effectiveness of antidepressants. Community pharmacists (CP) are in a privileged position to help patients cope with antidepressant treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a CP intervention on primary care patients who had initiated antidepressant treatment. Newly diagnosed primary care patients were randomised to usual care (UC) (92) or pharmacist intervention (87). Patients were followed up at 6 months and evaluated three times (Baseline, and at 3 and 6 months). Outcome measurements included clinical severity of depression (PHQ-9), health-related quality of life (HRQOL) (Euroqol-5D) and satisfaction with pharmacy care. Adherence was continuously registered from the computerised pharmacy records. Non-adherence was defined as refilling less than 80% of doses or having a medication-free gap of more than 1 month. Patients in the intervention group were more likely to remain adherent at 3 and 6 months follow-up but the difference was not statistically significant. Patients in the intervention group showed greater statistically significant improvement in HRQOL compared with UC patients both in the main analysis and PP analyses. No statistically significant differences were observed in clinical symptoms or satisfaction with the pharmacy service. The results of our study indicate that a brief intervention in community pharmacies does not improve depressed patients' adherence or clinical symptoms. This intervention helped patients to improve their HRQOL, which is an overall measure of patient status.