Total synthesis of aeruginazole A

The first total synthesis of Aeruginazole A, prepared via a convergent strategy that involved both solid-phase peptide synthesis and solution phase chemistry and that enabled conservation of the stereochemistry of the intermediates, is reported.

Alonso Rodríguez Gamarra en el comercio de libros con la América colonial (1607-1613)

Alonso Rodríguez Gamarra fue un impresor sevillano activo entre 1604 y 1622. Envió libros en 1607 a Santo Domingo y en 1613 a Guatemala y México. Estos tres envíos sumaban 71, 295 y 186 ejemplares respectivamente. Además, estos envíos incluían en total doce resmas de menudencias impresas (6.000 pliegos) que formaban en su conjunto un surtido notable. En dos de las tres hojas de registro se incluyó el detalle de los títulos embarcados con un nivel de descripción poco habitual, pues se anotaron los datos del autor, el título y el pie de imprenta. Esto último nos ha deparado alguna sorpresa, ya que permite realizar precisiones sobre la producción de los talleres de Gamarra. Es necesario destacar la referencia a una edición desconocida por los bibliógrafos, que aparece declarada por el propio impresor como"Oraciones y exercicios de fr. Luis de Granada Seuilla por Alonso Rodríguez Gamarra 1612".

Orthogonal protecting groups in the synthesis of tryptophanyl-hexahydropyrroloindoles

The synthesis of various polycyclic systems containing a C3aNi bond between a hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole and an indole tryptophan is described here. A series of experiments were performed to determine the best combination of five orthogonal protecting groups and the best reaction conditions for formation of said bond, which is a common feature among many recently discovered marine natural products.

Creación y gestión de una marca. El caso IUBUD, fundas de madera para dispositivos Apple

Aquest treball d’investigació, té com a objectiu principal, desenvolupar una estratègia de Brand management després d’haver estudiat diferents teories sobre creació i gestió de marques. Des de el naixement de las marques, han sigut molts els autors que han estudiat aquest fenomen per assentar las bases del que avui es coneix com branding, disciplina que s’encarrega de l’estudi d’aquestes. Entre aquests autors podem trobar diferents teories o models de Brand management. El meu treball de final de carrera, en una primera part, analitzarà els conceptes des de la perspectiva dels diferents autors. Són diverses las metodologies que podem trobar en aquesta disciplina, des de el seu origen més acadèmic, de màrqueting o econòmic, per tant, durant el desenvolupament d’aquest treball final de carrera, s’estudiaran algunes d’aquestes vessants i es valoraran las seves conclusions, per a posteriorment desenvolupar una metodologia pròpia i dur la a la pràctica per a la creació d’una marca real. La segona part consisteix en aplicar la metodologia, a un cas pràctic, i poder crear una marca des de cero, amb una base científica, que ens guiï al llarg de tots els processos de presa de decisions. Des de l’anàlisi previ, passant per l’estratègia de marca i finalment de comunicació. Això ens ha permès crear una marca per a un producte concret, i aconseguir posicionar lo en el mercat. Per finalitzar, es presenten las aplicacions corresponents a la marca, resultants d’haver seguit la metodologia plantejada inicialment. Aquest treball de final de carrera es contempla amb annexos en els que queden documentats els processos y anàlisis citats al llarg del desenvolupament.

La distribución de cine en Internet y su implicación en los procesos de producción cinematográfica

Estudi sobre com Internet ha canviat la manera de distribuir curtmetratges i llargmetratges, i la influència d’aquests canvis als processos previs de producció. Es complementa l’estudi bibliogràfic de les fases de producció amb entrevistes a tres cineastes per comprovar que Internet ha generat alguns canvis a l’hora de plantejar certs treballs cinematogràfics.

Progress on Lamellarins

This review covers recent literature on the lamellarins, a family of marine natural products, and related analogs, encompassing synthetic strategies for total synthesis, structure-activity relationships (SAR), and studies on mechanisms of biological action, namely in the context of antitumor activity. It reviews work published from January 2008 to December 2010.

First enantioselective synthesis of isagarin, a natural product isolated from Pentas longiflora Oliv.

For the first time, an enantioselective synthesis of both 1R,4S-isagarin 1a and 1S,4R-isagarin 1b was achieved starting from 1,4-dimethoxy-2-vinylnaphtalene 2. The key steps involve a Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation and reaction with an acetonylating pyridinium ylid.

Recent advances in lamellarin alkaloids: isolation, synthesis and activity

Lamellarins are a large family of marine alkaloids with potential anticancer activity that have been isolated from diverse marine organisms, mainly ascidians and sponges. All lamellarins feature a 3,4-diarylpyrrole system. Pentacyclic lamellarins, whose polyheterocyclic system has a pyrrole core, are the most active compounds. Some of these alkaloids are potently cytotoxic to various tumor cell lines. To date, Lam-D and Lam-H have been identified as lead compounds for the inhibition of topoisomerase I and HIV-1 integrase, respectively nuclear enzymes which are over-expressed in deregulation disorders. Moreover,these compounds have been reported for their efficacy in treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) tumors cells without mediated drug efflux, as well as their immunomodulatory activity and selectivity towards melanoma cell lines. This article is an overview of recent literature on lamellarins, encompassing their isolation, recent synthetic strategies for their total synthesis, the preparation of their analogs, studies on their mechanisms of action, and their structure-activity relationships (SAR).

Structure, bioactivity and synthesis of natural products with hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole

Research on natural products containing hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole (HPI) has dramatically increased during the past few years. Newly discovered natural products with complex structures and important biological activities have recently been isolated and synthesized. This review summarizes the structures, biological activities, and synthetic routes for natural compounds containing HPI, emphasizing the different strategies for assembling this motif. It covers a broad gamut of molecules, from small alkaloids to complex peptides.

Convergent Approaches for the Synthesis of the Anti-tumoral Peptide, Kahalalide F. Study of Orthogonal Protecting Groups

Kahalalide compounds are peptides that are isolated from a Hawaiian herbivorous marine species of mollusc, Elysia rufescens, and its diet, the green alga Bryopsis sp. Kahalalide F and its synthetic analogues are the most promising compounds of the Kahalalide family because they show anti-tumoral activity. Linear solid-phase syntheses of Kahalalide F have been reported. Here we describe several new improved synthetic routes based on convergent approaches with distinct orthogonal protection schemes for the preparation of Kahaladide analogues. These strategies allow a better control and characterization of the intermediates because more reactions are performed in solution. Five derivatives of Kahalalide F were synthesized using several convergent approaches.

Isolation, structural assignment and total synthesis of Barmumycin

Barmumycin was isolated from an extract of the marine actinomycete Streptomyces sp. BOSC-022A and found to be cytotoxic against various human tumor cell lines. Based on preliminary one- and two-dimensional 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra, the natural compound was initially assigned the structure of macrolactone-type compound 1, which was later prepared by two different routes. However, major spectroscopic differences between isolated barmumycin and 1 led to revision of the proposed structure as E-16. Based on synthesis of this new compound, and subsequent spectroscopic comparison of it to an authentic sample of barmumycin, the structure of the natural compound was indeed confirmed as that of E-16.

1,2-Dimethylindole-3-sulfonyl (MIS) as protecting group for the side chain of arginine

The protection of arginine (Arg) side chains is a crucial issue in peptide chemistry because of the propensity of the basic guanidinium group to produce side reactions. Currently, sulfonyl-type protecting groups, such as 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman (Pmc) and 2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyldihydrobenzofurane (Pbf), are the most widely used for this purpose. Nevertheless, Arg side chain protection remains problematic as a result of the acid stability of these two compounds. This issue is even more relevant in Arg-rich sequences, acid-sensitive peptides and large-scale syntheses. The 1,2-dimethylindole-3-sulfonyl (MIS) group is more acid-labile than Pmc and Pbf and can therefore be a better option for Arg side chain protection. In addition, MIS is compatible with tryptophan-containing peptides.

Industria de la elaboración del jamón curado

La presente Memoria, así como los planos y demás documentos que integran éste Proyecto, tienen por objeto describir y valorar las diferentes unidades de obras e instalaciones, necesarias para la edificación de una Nave Industrial ubicada en las Parcelas C-1 y C-2 del Polígono Industrial Portalada II de Logroño (La Rioja), dedicada a la elaboración y comercialización de las piezas de jamón curado, con una producción anual de 52.000 piezas de jamón. En todo momento se tendrá en cuenta la calidad higiénica del producto, de las instalaciones y del personal a lo largo de todo el proceso, ya que es un factor fundamental en las industrias alimentarias.

Pla de Defensa d’Incendis Forestals de la Serra de Montsià

La Serra de Montsià igual que altres zones mediterrànies, té en els grans incendis forestals una de les principals pertorbacions, amb impactes negatius per als ecosistemes i la societat. El Pla de Defensa d’Incendis Forestals de la Serra de Montsià, té com a objectiu l’estudi i planificació de les actuacions de defensa més efectives per fer front als incendis forestals i ho fa a partir de l’estudi adequat del territori i del comportament previst del foc en diferents situacions amb l’ajuda de simuladors d’incendis.