Qualificação de equipamentos em indústria farmacêutica

Assegurar a qualidade de um produto farmacêutico implica garantir a conformidade de todas as etapas, ao longo de todo o seu ciclo de vida, desde a aquisição das matérias-primas até à libertação do produto acabado, assegurando a validação dos equipamentos, instalações e processos. Quando uma indústria farmacêutica assegura a conformidade de todos os passos envolventes (e que possam influenciar o processo de fabrico) é capaz de demonstrar, perante entidades responsáveis e clientes, que os seus produtos apresentam a qualidade pré-estabelecida na autorização de introdução no mercado (AIM) e que, consequentemente, irão ter o desempenho pretendido. Esta dissertação insere-se na garantia da qualidade dos Laboratórios Atral, do grupo AtralCipan, mais propriamente na qualificação de equipamentos no setor Formas Sólidas Orais Cefalosporínicas (FSO3) por forma a assegurar a qualidade dos produtos acabados produzidos. O objetivo deste trabalho é a qualificação dos principais equipamentos existentes no setor FSO3 por forma a assegurar a qualidade dos medicamentos lá fabricados. Para a qualificação do desempenho dos equipamentos (à exceção do tamisador, compactador e detetor de metais) foram utilizados dados históricos presentes nos registos de lotes dos principais produtos do setor por forma a efetuar uma avaliação retrospetiva. Para isso efetuou-se uma análise de risco FMEA (análise do modo de falha e consequência), aos equipamentos existentes no setor, com o objetivo de estabelecer os parâmetros dos equipamentos que pudessem influenciar negativamente a qualidade do produto final. À exceção da qualificação do desempenho da máquina de blisterar 308 PBL3, uma vez que faltavam alguns dados de lotes que ainda não tinham sido analisados pelo setor de Controlo da Qualidade, os principais equipamentos do FSO3 encontram-se atualmente qualificados. A conclusão da qualificação dos equipamentos presentes no setor FSO3, bem como da análise de risco efetuada irá contribuir para um melhoramento da qualidade e da credibilidade do setor perante clientes e entidades responsáveis.

O âmbito de aplicação material da legislação de proteção de dados pessoais e o tratamento de imagem por pessoa singular

Images have gained a never before seen importance. Technological changes have given the Information Society extraordinary means to capture, treat and transmit images, wheter your own or those of others, with or without a commercial purpose, with no boundaries of time or country, without “any kind of eraser”. From the several different ways natural persons may engage in image processing with no commercial purpose, the cases of sharing pictures through social networks and video surveillance assume particular relevance. Consequently there are growing legitimate concerns with the protection of one's image, since its processing may sometimes generate situations of privacy invasion or put at risk other fundamental rights. With this in mind, the present thesis arises from the question: what are the existent legal instruments in Portuguese Law that enable citizens to protect themselves from the abusive usage of their own pictures, whether because that image have been captured by a smartphone or some video surveillance camera, whether because it was massively shared through a blog or some social network? There is no question the one's right to not having his or her image used in an abusive way is protected by the Portuguese constitution, through the article 26th CRP, as well as personally right, under the article 79th of the Civil Code, and finally through criminal law, articles 192nd and 193rd of the Criminal Code. The question arises in the personal data protection context, considering that one's picture, given certain conditions, is personal data. Both the Directive 95/46/CE dated from 1995 as well as the LPD from 1998 are applicable to the processing of personal data, but both exclude situations of natural persons doing so in the pursuit of activities strictly personal or family-related. These laws demand complex procedures to natural persons, such as the preemptive formal authorisation request to the Data Protection National Commission. Failing to do so a natural person may result in the application of fines as high as €2.500,00 or even criminal charges. Consequently, the present thesis aims to study if the image processing with no commercial purposes by a natural person in the context of social networks or through video surveillance belongs to the domain of the existent personal data protection law. To that effect, it was made general considerations regarding the concept of video surveillance, what is its regimen, in a way that it may be distinguishable from Steve Mann's definition of sousveillance, and what are the associated obligations in order to better understand the concept's essence. The application of the existent laws on personal data protection to images processing by natural persons has been analysed taking into account the Directive 95/46/CE, the LPD and the General Regulation. From this analysis it is concluded that the regimen from 1995 to 1998 is out of touch with reality creating an absence of legal shielding in the personal data protection law, a flaw that doesn't exist because compensated by the right to image as a right to personality, that anyway reveals the inability of the Portuguese legislator to face the new technological challenges. It is urgent to legislate. A contrary interpretation will evidence the unconstitutionality of several rules on the LPD due to the obligations natural persons are bound to that violate the right to the freedom of speech and information, which would be inadequate and disproportionate. Considering the recently approved General Regulation and in the case it becomes the final version, the use for natural person of video surveillance of private spaces, Google Glass (in public and private places) and other similar gadgets used to recreational purposes, as well as social networks are subject to its regulation only if the images are shared without limits or existing commercial purposes. Video surveillance of public spaces in all situations is subject to General Regulation provisions.

Aplicação do princípio da igualdade na legislação experimental em Portugal

The experimental legislation follows the development of legislative evaluation practices. Being a legislative technique used not only with the aim of gathering political and social consensus, but also, especially in controversial matters, to provide data and information that will serve as basis for a clarified and justified legislative decision. The characteristic features of the experimental laws are its limited application in time and/or in territory and the prediction, in the law itself, of an evaluation after the experimental period. The application of an experimental law just in a specific geographic area raises constitutional issues because of the implications of the principle of equality. Indeed, the principle of equality, despite admitting some treatment differences between people, commands that these differences have to be legitimate, reasonable and proportional, namely, not arbitrary. Besides the constitutionality problem for the violation of the principle of equality, the experimental laws may also consist of laws restricting fundamental rights and be the cause of the liability of the State, within its legislative function.