Bibliotecas de História: aspectos da posse e uso dos livros em instituições religiosas de Lisboa nos finais do século XVIII

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em História

Repositórios institucionais de ensino superior: o caso das instituições descentralizadas

A presente dissertação de mestrado trata da temática dos Repositórios Institucionais como dinamizadores da comunicação científica e o seu desenvolvimento e implementação nas instituições de ensino superior nacionais, no atual panorama internacional, com enfoque nos RI em instituições de gestão descentralizada e de ampla autonomia administrativa e financeira, tomado como referência o caso da UTL. Entendeu-se ser este um problema relevante mas ainda insuficientemente abordado, o que motivou este trabalho. Com o desenvolvimento do trabalho, apercebemo-nos que na realidade a conceção de um RI implica a ponderação das suas diversas facetas implícitas consoante o seu modelo, a sua finalidade, as atividades a serem desenvolvidas, as necessidades e expectativas do público a quem se destina servir, entre outras. No final apresentamos algumas sugestões de desenvolvimento de RI no caso de universidades descentralizadas e de ampla autonomia administrativa e financeira

Contrato de abertura de crédito bancário

La recherche que nous avons mené à bien avait pour but, dans un premier temps de comprendre la notion de contrat, ses caractéristiques, fonctions et les garanties qui en peuvent être fournies. Nous invoquerons le contenu du contrat, c'est à dire, les effets de celui-ci en essayant de montrer les droits et obligations auxquels les parties seront liées. Bien qu'étant un contrat assez requérant dans la pratique bancaire, celui-ci n'a pas encore attiré l'attention du législateur de façon à établir un régime qui pourrait lui être appliqué au lieu de s'appuyer sur d'autres contrats lui étant similaires. Nous proposons l'analyse de la cessation du contrat, en se concentrant sur les moyens de la dissolution, survenue suite à la conclusion de l'accord comme la plainte, l'abrogation, l'expiration et la résolution du contrat, en laissant de côté la dissolution du contrat pour des raisons survenues avant la conclusion du contrat, comme la nullité et l'annulation.

O crédito bancário

The aim of the present dissertation is the analysis of the regime established by Decree-Law No. 227/2012 of 25 October. Reflecting on the referred regime, as a measure to prevent and manage situations of failure to meet the obligations assumed by consumers, the study focuses on the plan of action for debt risk and the extrajudicial procedure to regularize situations of default. The main point is to analyze the purpose and the scope of the regime, and to discuss some key-concepts relevant to its application. In addition, another two figures presented in the regime of Decree-Law No. 227/2012 are considered, namely: the Credit Mediator and the Extrajudicial Network for Bank Clients Support, making reference to their role and the scope of their intervention. Finally, along the work on the present Decree-Law, the some international practices are also analyzed, making reference to the problem of financial illiteracy, and mentioning three foreign examples regarding the adopted solutions to the problem of different legal systems, with reference to consumers’ over-indebtedness.

O incumprimento do contrato de crédito ao consumo pelo consumidor

Consumer relations, established between the Consumer and the Creditor, which carry a consequent inequality of contractual positioning between the parties, have been pushing the legislator to adopt more rigid regulations with regard to lending for the purchase of goods or services of consum issues. In this sense, the Decree-Law 359/91 was approved, meanwhile repealed by the Decree-Law 133/2009, which regulates the consumer credit agreement’s regime in the portuguese legal system. Through this contract, the financier makes available to the consumer a certain amount of money, which the consumer must repay, plus the respective remuneration (interest) and other charges, according to a refund plan agreed by the parties. The consumer will be in delay if he breaches this stipulation. In case of default, the creditor, notwithstanding, can choose to wait for the performance by the debtor, promote the loss of benefit of the term or the termination of the contract. From the outset it would seem that, in one way or another, the financier, by imposing a forced shortening of the contract duration initially agreed, will lose the right to remuneration for the provision of capital agreed, but not verified. Nevertheless, unlike presently, the previous regime allowed the parties to rule otherwise, being permitted to agree to the payment of interest of outstanding installments. On the other hand, in the consumer credit contract the principle of freedom of contractual provision of the parties is strongly mitigated by the special legislation, which prevents the waiver of rights by the consumer, and by the regime of general contractual terms, which restricts the freedom of the financier to stipulate the contractual content freely and the freedom of the consumer to negotiate. For all these reasons, associated with the growing need of credit resource to satisfy their needs of consumption, it is confirm the relevance of legislative intervention on consumers protection in the context of hiring credit.

O incumprimento do contrato de crédito ao consumo pelo consumidor

Consumer relations, established between the Consumer and the Creditor, which carry a consequent inequality of contractual positioning between the parties, have been pushing the legislator to adopt more rigid regulations with regard to lending for the purchase of goods or services of consum issues. In this sense, the Decree-Law 359/91 was approved, meanwhile repealed by the Decree-Law 133/2009, which regulates the consumer credit agreement’s regime in the portuguese legal system. Through this contract, the financier makes available to the consumer a certain amount of money, which the consumer must repay, plus the respective remuneration (interest) and other charges, according to a refund plan agreed by the parties. The consumer will be in delay if he breaches this stipulation. In case of default, the creditor, notwithstanding, can choose to wait for the performance by the debtor, promote the loss of benefit of the term or the termination of the contract. From the outset it would seem that, in one way or another, the financier, by imposing a forced shortening of the contract duration initially agreed, will lose the right to remuneration for the provision of capital agreed, but not verified. Nevertheless, unlike presently, the previous regime allowed the parties to rule otherwise, being permitted to agree to the payment of interest of outstanding installments. On the other hand, in the consumer credit contract the principle of freedom of contractual provision of the parties is strongly mitigated by the special legislation, which prevents the waiver of rights by the consumer, and by the regime of general contractual terms, which restricts the freedom of the financier to stipulate the contractual content freely and the freedom of the consumer to negotiate. For all these reasons, associated with the growing need of credit resource to satisfy their needs of consumption, it is confirm the relevance of legislative intervention on consumers protection in the context of hiring credit.