Modelação de processos para as principais áreas de recursos humanos

Esta dissertação tem por principal objetivo propor modelos BPMN que possam representar as boas práticas em gestão recursos humanos, a fim de facilitar a identificação dos principais requisitos dos pacotes de software para a Gestão de Recursos Humanos. Assim, foram estudadas as sub-áreas recrutamento e seleção, avaliação de desempenho, formação e desenvolvimento, cálculo e pagamento de salários e recompensas, e a gestão de carreira. Para o desenho dos modelos BPMN foi adotada a metodologia design science, adequada aos projetos de investigação em tecnologias e sistemas de informação que têm por objetivo o design de artefactos a partir de bases teóricas. Os modelos desenvolvidos foram disponibilizados para avaliação por gestores e executivos da área de gestão de recursos humanos o que permitiu refinar e melhorar os mesmos.

A proposta de regulamento relativo a um direito europeu comum da compra e venda e as suas implicações no direito português

We have witnessed in recent years, an obvious effort by the competent European institutions, towards the harmonization of general law applicable to all Member States (MS's). Many developments have been registered in several areas of law, a europeanization process that aims to add value to cross-border transactions and, consequently, the internal market and european trade. This trend manifests itself in general to the private law level, and particularly in contract law. The extension of the field in which market participants - whether professionals or consumers - can act, must imperatively be articulated with a consequent wider protection. After all, the consumer is also a leading European purposes and its level should not be called into question for the sake of promoting trade. The link between the positions of two opposing parties, professionals and consumers, requires commitment and work reinforced by the institutions but only on that basis is consistent legislative production. The proposed Regulation on a Common European Sales Law of the sale, the European Commission, set focus to European contract law and raises questions about the relevance and necessity of such uniformity. An instrument for purposes of harmonization of European contract law, that can be applied to all cross-border consumer contracts, similar in all MS's certainly bring many benefits. However, its applicability and usefulness would depend on the level of protection that would provide, compared to the existing national rights. Would an optional instrument ensure the designs of a common law? Moreover, would a binding instrument be the best alternative in that sense? Keywords:

Sistema de ensino, transição societal e práticas educativas estratégicas dos actores sociais: o caso dos alunos de fracos recursos socioeconómicos de Luanda (Angola)

Este trabalho, centralizado nos subsistemas dos ensinos secundário e superior, examina as práticas educativas estratégicas de alunos detentores de fracos recursos socioeconómicos em Luanda (Angola), no período pós-colonial, em articulação com um conjunto de elementos que constituem as condições de escolarização. A análise destas práticas efectua-se num quadro de referências teóricas inter-relacionadas. Uma abordagem teórica inicial integra (i) os processos de transição (económica e sociopolítica) e de construção de Estado, e (ii) a educação, a análise estratégica e as representações sociais. Outras referências teóricas, incluindo desigualdades sociais e educativas, relação escola-família, projectos e expectativas escolares e sociais, decisão escolar, investimento em educação escolar, são mobilizadas no desenrolar da investigação. Esta fundamentação teórica, de carácter sociológico e focada na perspectiva da sociologia da educação, permite revelar os constrangimentos que condicionam a escolarização dos alunos e a sua qualidade de actores sociais, detentores de capacidades de leitura crítica da realidade escolar, de projecção e antecipação do futuro, e de decisão e acção. A metodologia seguida combina diversos métodos e técnicas. As pesquisas de terreno concretizam-se através da análise de documentos pertinentes (documentos oficiais, bibliografia de carácter monográfico sobre Angola, bibliografia crítica sobre a problemática em estudo) e de dados dos inquéritos por questionários e por entrevistas não-dirigidas (individuais e de grupo) administrados a alunos e, no caso destes últimos, também a técnicos do Ministério da Educação, professores e famílias. Os resultados permitem argumentar que as práticas educativas estratégicas de alunos detentores de fracos recursos socioeconómicos se explicam por factores que constituem as condições de escolarização, elas próprias influenciadas pela forte valorização que os mesmos alunos fazem da educação escolar. Mais especificamente, as condições de escolarização constrangedoras (constrangimentos das realidades económicas, sociopolíticas e educativas do país; debilidades das condições socioeconómicas dos alunos e dificuldades que marcam os seus percursos escolares; representações pouco positivas das suas escolas e das interacções escola-família), a par daquelas outras facilitadoras (ambiciosos projectos/expectativas escolares e profissionais dos alunos), influenciadas pela forte valorização da educação escolar, motivam e promovem decisões e acções de alunos que visam melhorar os seus processos de escolarização e as suas perspectivas profissionais. Os alunos emergem enquanto actores relativamente autónomos e criativos, capazes de cálculo, manipulação e adaptação aos contextos adversos. Este estudo fornece um modelo explicativo que melhora a compreensão das práticas educativas estratégicas de alunos (angolanos) de fracos recursos socioeconómicos, das suas condições de escolarização, e das suas capacidades de influenciarem e transformarem as realidades socioeconómicas, políticas e educativas em que se inserem; identifica um elemento decisivo de resiliência dos alunos aos constrangimentos e desafios que enfrentam no campo do ensino: o forte investimento na educação escolar, traduzido em práticas educativas estratégicas; aponta outras orientações de pesquisas passíveis de melhorar o conhecimento das realidades socioeducativas angolanas, incluindo práticas educativas de outros actores educativos, como famílias e professores.

Recursos hídricos na região hidrográfica das Ribeiras do Algarve

A importância dos recursos hídricos é inquestionável para a vida terrestre. É cada vez mais um desafio e uma necessidade gerir da melhor forma estes recursos, dada a importância não só vital como económica que estes representam para a sociedade, na medida em que muitas das atividades económicas dependem da utilização deste bem para subsistir. A legislação em vigor, no que concerne à gestão das águas nos Estados-Membros da União Europeia, é a Diretiva Quadro da Água (Diretiva 2000/60/CE), transposta para Portugal pela Lei da Água, em 2005. A Diretiva estabelece um quadro comum para a proteção das águas na União Europeia, definindo medidas, objetivos, estratégias e prazos, para a melhoria do estado das águas. Cada país gere os seus recursos, adequando-se às suas caraterísticas únicas, e das regiões que o constituem. A Região Hidrográfica das Ribeiras do Algarve é uma região portuguesa com inúmeras suscetibilidades, apresentando uma dependência dos recursos de outras regiões, bastante elevada. O objetivo desta dissertação centrou-se em estudar aprofundadamente os recursos hídricos da Região Hidrográfica das Ribeiras do Algarve. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo baseado numa revisão bibliográfica, onde se reuniu informação que permitiu analisar aspetos como a evolução da região em termos de infraestruturas, o estado atual dos recursos de acordo com os objetivos estratégicos e ambientais traçados, em termos de qualidade e quantidade, e ainda, o estado da execução das medidas previstas no primeiro ciclo de planeamento. Por fim pretendeu-se traçar alguns cenários perspetivos para a região, de acordo com as medidas revistas para a mesma, tendo em conta as alterações previstas quer em termos de crescimento, quer de mobilização territorial, ou ainda, em termos de alterações climáticas. A região evoluiu bastante nas últimas décadas na procura pela melhoria da qualidade e quantidade dos recursos hídricos, sendo que no seu todo, as melhorias a verificar relativamente aos recursos hídricos, passam pela manutenção das medidas de gestão aliadas à evolução das necessidades.

O Ne bis in idem no Espaço de Liberdade, Segurança e Justiça e no Direito Europeu da Concorrência

Ne bis in idem, understood as a procedural guarantee in the EU assumes different features in the AFSJ and in european competition law. Despite having a common origin (being, in both sectors the result of the case law of the same jurisdictional organ) its components are quite distintic in each area of the integration. In the AFSJ, the content of bis and idem are broader and addressed at a larger protection of individuals. Its axiological ground is based on the freedom of movements and human dignity, whereas in european competition law its closely linked to defence rights of legal persons and the concept of criminal punishment of anticompetitive sanctions as interpreted by the ECHR´s jurisprudence. In european competition law, ne bis in idem is limited by the systemic framework of competition law and the need to ensure parallel application of both european and national laws. Nonetheless, the absence of a compulsory mechanism to allocate jurisdiction in the EU (both in the AFSJ and in the field of anti-trust law) demands a common axiological framework. In this context, ne bis in idem must be understood as a defence right based on equity and proportionality. As far as its international dimension is concerned, ne bis in idem also lacks an erga omnes effect and it is not considered to be a rule of ius cogens. Consequently, the model which the ECJ has built regarding the application of the ne bis in idem in transnational and supranational contexts should be replicated by other courts through cross fertilization, in order to internationalize that procedural guarantee and broaden its scope of application.

A discriminação em função da idade no direito do trabalho

In this thesis, we will treat the discrimination based on age, more specifically of older workers. In recent years, there was an increasing interest on the part of doctrine and jurisprudence on this subject. In fact, in a world in which you live a real economic crisis, older workers tend to have difficulties finding jobs or are targets of the discrimination based on age, at the time of hiring or during the contract. Thus, we will focus on discrimination. We will examine, first, the difference between direct and indirect discrimination, taking into account the importance of the burden of proof, then we will study the figures of positive action measures. Then, treat the legislative framework of the discrimination based on age, that is, in relation to the Labor Code and the Directive 2000/78/EC of November 27, 2000. Eventually, we will determine the cases in which they may accept the discrimination based on age. In fact, these differences in treatment based on age are justified, but must be aimed at a legitimate objective with appropriate and necessary means.

Arbitragem de consumo no direito brasileiro

This dissertation analyzes how the current Constitution and the Brazilian law establish consumer protection, arbitration and access to justice. Following we try to demonstrate why arbitration is a method rarely used in the resolution of consumer disputes in Brazil. It also examines the doctrinal and jurisprudential aspects of the conflict between the Brazilian Arbitration Law (Law nº. 9.307/96), which allows the arbitration clause in contracts of adhesion, and the Consumer Protection Code (Law nº 8.078/90) that in article 51, VII, considers as abusive the arbitration clause. Furthermore, analyzes new proposed bills under scrutiny by the National Congress on the issue and identifies the causes, in the Brazilian legal system, hampering the use of arbitration in consumer relations. Concludes that there are no principle obstacles preventing consumer litigations to be settled by arbitration. High costs, mistrust, oppression, misinformation of consumers and non-participation of the State, being a totally private institute, are factors that generate distrust, suspicion, and have prevented the development of arbitration in consumer relations in Brazil.

O direito de exoneração do acionista minoritário

This study specifically addresses the situation of minority shareholders after the transfer of control in an listed company. The various underlying interests and reasons that shareholders have for investing in a company can demonstrate shareholders’ reasoning for taking radically different positions on issues relating to the transfer of control of the referred company. This study analyses the current legal system in Portugal and in the European Union in order to assess whether, in the event of a takeover bid of a listed company where there is a transfer of control, minority shareholders have the same appraisal rights as other shareholders to sell their shares and leave the company. The study then examines the European Court of Justice decision on whether a general principle of equal treatment of minority shareholders exists upon a transfer of control (Audiolux) and the Portuguese Securities Market Commission decision regarding the delisting of Brisa - Autoestradas de Portugal, S.A. based on the principle of investor protection. The study concludes that although the principle of equality amongst shareholders has made progress in the European legal system e.g. it is laid down in Directive 2004/25/EC of 21 April 2004 on takeover bids and the Portuguese Securities Market Code, there is also a need for further improvement, which can be accomplished by allowing minority shareholders to exercise an appraisal right in similar unregulated situations.

"A reserva ecológica nacional e a sua importância para o ordenamento do território"

This work primarily aims to investigate the ambiguity between the right to build and the need to preserve nature through one of its instruments: the National Ecological Reserve. In both national and international political effort, forced by increasing ecological awareness of the society were being created regulations for environmental problemsolving frameworks. This significant increase in provisions, that regulated the environment and spatial territory, are directly related to the objectives of the European community. In a year when the soil policy has changed, it is important to review the priorities of regional planning in the face of environmental policies. REN is a restriction of public utility that, among other things, aims to define and integrate diverse areas of our territory which by their structure are essential to the ecological stability of the environment. Going through a historical study of the various regimes that regulated REN, the present work aims to inform the understanding of the concept REN, exposing its objectives and form of delimitation of integrated areas, in order to answer questions about the nature of this institute. It were related to all regulations governing the ecological reserves and land, namely Scheme for Conservation of Nature and Biodiversity; Natura 2000, the National Agricultural Reserve, the Law of the ownership of water resources and water, and the RJIGT RJUE, checking to its compatibility with REN. Through a literature review regarding the jurisprudence of national courts applying the doctrine, analysis of legal regimes, analysis of maps depicting the REN, we carried out a qualitative assessment of the trend and legal effect of REN in protecting populations and environment. Therefore we will work with this reflect on the existing environment awareness in our society and its problems in the management of natural resources.

A indústria de defesa na cooperação Brasil-Portugal

The global dynamics of alliances are strongly determined by the level of cooperation among states. This cooperation can be embodied in various aspects, but the level of defense and security cooperation becomes usually more doctrinal and lasting. By the nature of sovereignty that instills in the bilateral relationship, cooperation at defense and security level can leverages other forms of cooperation. The circumstances and relational balance between Brazil and Portugal seem to evolve towards distancing opportunities, despite they are culturally and institutionally untainted. The economic dynamics, the strategic projection in global sustainability terms, the scale and ambition of Brazilian regional leadership, contrasts with the actual context of Portugal, distancing himself both on the stage where they operate. On the other hand, the historical and cultural roots, the language, the affinity of the peoples of CPLP and some opportunities for economic niches, trend to attract both countries. The condition of Portugal in NATO and Europe, coupled with the ability to export technical and human resources to value-added for Brazil, seems also to become approaching factors. On the balance of these dynamics, there is a set of exogenous factors (economic, external global relations matrix, regional stability, among others), which are not always controlled by any of both countries. These factors call for strong capacity for foresight analysis and decision making, with the inherent risk. There is cooperation vectors that are not apparently penalized by geographic distance, or by the difference of realities. Among these vectors we shall highlight synergies in technological niches, highly tradable goods and, mostly, using the domain of dual technologies. The thirteen niches herein identified are: Monitoring, Navigation, Command and Control, Electronics, Optoelectronics, Communication and remote sensing, Information Technologies, Flight Simulation, Specialized Training, Fiber Optic Sensors, Materials Engineering, Nanotechnology and Communications. Cumulating with identified opportunities in traditional relational framework, both countries are growing (in geography and economic terms) into the Atlantic, making it a central element in the bilateral approach. By being at the same time a growing stage of disputes and which stability tends to be threatened, it will be done an analysis of these synergistic vectors, superimposed on the impact on Atlantic securitization process.

O serviço fiscal aduaneiro criminal e contraordenacional da GNR

At a time of global economic instability, to which Portugal is not oblivious, and aware that the main source of Portuguese State revenue relies on the collection of tribute, the National Republican Guard holds within its mission relevant assignments to the protection of the financial interests of the country, in particular, fiscal and customs. These assignments were inherited from the century - old institution Guarda Fiscal - with evidence given in this domain, which was integrated into the National Republican Guard in 1993, to adopt, a 1St model, that held a specialized unit – Brigada Fiscal, with surveillance and patrolling missions of costa and fiscal and customs supervision, throughout the national territory and maritime zone of respect. In 2009, the result of political decisions, reorganization the State's central administration, appears de 2Nd model, because the Brigada Fiscal assignments were divided by two specialized units - UAF with investigation skills, and UCC for patrolling and surveillance of the coast. Analyzed the legal spectrum of special legislation leading the criminal and transgression sector punitive (RGIT), in essence, is in the UAF that resides the role assignments from the scope of the investigation and supervision of goods in the national territory on a par with the tax authority. Tax inspection assignments, fiscal and customs of the National Republican Guard, are unmatched in the National Tribute System, constituting itself as a potentiality of this special body, in similarity of their counterparts - Spain and Italy; however, have some constraints, that urge to clarify and repair. Foreseeing the future, face the announced news of a new restructuring, on behalf of the interests of the country, and in order to raise the quality of performance of the tax inspection, fiscal and customs, the National Republican Guard shall maintain a model based on the experience already accumulated, obviously adapted to the new demands of a changing society. Despite the current model gain in efficiency, loses in effectiveness. However, the efficiency of a model, without the necessary resources, can never bring “the letter to Garcia” against any kind of infringements, criminal or transgressions. Unless better opinion, both tax structures of the National Republican Guard are valid as an instrument for the prevention and combat of these illegal types. Because they are strategic in pursuing the public interest, given the scarce resources of the country and be the National Republican Guard, the force with the means and know-how of this nature. The political power has the final word.