Standardization of project management processes

Software development is a discipline that is almost as old as the history of computers. With the advent of the Internet and all of its related technologies, software development has been on high demand. But, and especially in SME (small and medium enterprise), this was not accompanied with a comparable effort to develop a set of sustainable and standardized activities of project management, which lead to increasing inefficiencies and costs. Given the actual economic situation, it makes sense to engage in an effort to reduce said inefficiencies and rising costs. For that end, this work will analyze the current state of software development’s project management processes on a Portuguese SME, along with its problems and inefficiencies in an effort to create a standardized model to manage software development, with special attention given to critical success factors in an agile software development environment, while using the best practices in process modeling. This work also aims to create guidelines to correctly integrate these changes in the existing IS structure of a company.

Interactive spatial decision support for sustainable agroforestry management: a case study in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Forest managers, stakeholders and investors want to be able to evaluate economic, environmental and social benefits in order to improve the outcomes of their decisions and enhance sustainable forest management. This research developed a spatial decision support system that provides: (1) an approach to identify the most beneficial locations for agroforestry projects based on the biophysical properties and evaluate its economic, social and environmental impact; (2) a tool to inform prospective investors and stakeholders of the potential and opportunities for integrated agroforestry management; (3) a simulation environment that enables evaluation via a dashboard with the opportunity to perform interactive sensitivity analysis for key parameters of the project; (4) a 3D interactive geographic visualization of the economic, environmental and social outcomes, which facilitate understanding and eases planning. Although the tool and methodology presented are generic, a case study was performed in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. For the whole study area, it was simulated the most suitable location for three different plantation schemes: monoculture of timber, a specific recipe (cassava, banana and sugar palm) and different recipes per geographic unit. The results indicate that a mixed cropping plantation scheme, with different recipes applied to the most suitable location returns higher economic, environmental and social benefits.

Beriberi epidemic within rural Muslin fishing communities in Guiné - Bissau

Beriberi, ou cardiopatia e polineuropatia ligada à deficiência de tiamina, foi, antigamente, um flagelo nas populações. Os mais notáveis surtos de beriberi ocorreram após o advento da moagem de massa de arroz, em várias zonas da Ásia, no final do século XIX. Com a descoberta de vitamina B1, "anti-beriberi", e, subsequentemente, o enriquecimento de alimentos e as campanhas de sensibilização de saúde pública, a doença foi esquecida por muitos profissionais de saúde. Contudo, sabe-se que, hoje em dia, em diferentes partes do mundo, muitos casos de beriberi são os focos primários de epidemias de outras deficiências potencialmentes fatais, em comunidades vulneráveis. Determinados alimentos, assim como o álcool, são conhecidos para reduzir a absorção de vitamina B1. A Encefalopatia de Wernicke, a deficiência de tiamina mais conhecida pelos médicos que trabalham em países desenvolvidos, está associada à ingestão de álcool. Estudos recentes demonstraram, por um lado, atrasos significativos do desenvolvimento neurolinguístico em crianças alimentadas com leite sem tiamina, assim como uma possível correlação entre malária grave e deficiencia em Vitamina B1, o que reforça a importância desta vitamina na saúde das populações. A Guiné-Bissau, um país fragilizado pelos conflitos coloniais e pós-coloniais, instabilidade política, tráfico de droga e deficiente acesso à Saúde, continua sendo um dos países mais pobres do mundo. A maioria da população vive da agricultura de subsistência, pesca e colheita de cajú. O Islão é practicado por quase metade da população, e as religiões animistas e cristãs compõem as outras religiões principais do país. De acordo com a fé islâmica, os muçulmanos da Guiné-Bissau praticam o jejum, em função da luz do dia, durante o mês de Ramadão. Existe pouca investigação publicada sobre os efeitos nutricionais e na saúde deste ritual. Este trabalho é o primeiro a relacionar uma deficiência de micronutrientes ao mês sagrado do Ramadão. Esta tese apresenta casos clínicos de beriberi em comunidades rurais muçulmanas, que ocorreram no final da época das chuvas, que coincide com o mês de Ramadão. A análise dos dados mostra que, uma vez que alguns dos doentes apresentavam os mesmos sintomas, repetidamente, todos os anos, estes casos podem refletir a ponta do iceberg da ocorrência de beriberi na Guiné-Bissau. Parte da discussão centra-se na necessidade de mais investigação para confirmar o grau de deficiência na população em geral, efeitos de deficiência de tiamina relacionados com a malária, e consequências possíveis da deficiência marginal, a longo prazo, desta vitamina na saúde. A discussão apresenta ainda sugestões práticas para a redução da incidência da deficiência de vitamina B1 na Guiné-Bissau.

A CMMI-compliant requirements management and development process

Requirements Engineering has been acknowledged an essential discipline for Software Quality. Poorly-defined processes for eliciting, analyzing, specifying and validating requirements can lead to unclear issues or misunderstandings on business needs and project’s scope. These typically result in customers’ non-satisfaction with either the products’ quality or the increase of the project’s budget and duration. Maturity models allow an organization to measure the quality of its processes and improve them according to an evolutionary path based on levels. The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) addresses the aforementioned Requirements Engineering issues. CMMI defines a set of best practices for process improvement that are divided into several process areas. Requirements Management and Requirements Development are the process areas concerned with Requirements Engineering maturity. Altran Portugal is a consulting company concerned with the quality of its software. In 2012, the Solution Center department has developed and applied successfully a set of processes aligned with CMMI-DEV v1.3, what granted them a Level 2 maturity certification. For 2015, they defined an organizational goal of addressing CMMI-DEV maturity level 3. This MSc dissertation is part of this organization effort. In particular, it is concerned with the required process areas that address the activities of Requirements Engineering. Our main goal is to contribute for the development of Altran’s internal engineering processes to conform to the guidelines of the Requirements Development process area. Throughout this dissertation, we started with an evaluation method based on CMMI and conducted a compliance assessment of Altran’s current processes. This allowed demonstrating their alignment with the CMMI Requirements Management process area and to highlight the improvements needed to conform to the Requirements Development process area. Based on the study of alternative solutions for the gaps found, we proposed a new Requirements Management and Development process that was later validated using three different approaches. The main contribution of this dissertation is the new process developed for Altran Portugal. However, given that studies on these topics are not abundant in the literature, we also expect to contribute with useful evidences to the existing body of knowledge with a survey on CMMI and requirements engineering trends. Most importantly, we hope that the implementation of the proposed processes’ improvements will minimize the risks of mishandled requirements, increasing Altran’s performance and taking them one step further to the desired maturity level.

The use of analytical hierarchy process in spatial decision support system for land use management

Geographic information systems give us the possibility to analyze, produce, and edit geographic information. Furthermore, these systems fall short on the analysis and support of complex spatial problems. Therefore, when a spatial problem, like land use management, requires a multi-criteria perspective, multi-criteria decision analysis is placed into spatial decision support systems. The analytic hierarchy process is one of many multi-criteria decision analysis methods that can be used to support these complex problems. Using its capabilities we try to develop a spatial decision support system, to help land use management. Land use management can undertake a broad spectrum of spatial decision problems. The developed decision support system had to accept as input, various formats and types of data, raster or vector format, and the vector could be polygon line or point type. The support system was designed to perform its analysis for the Zambezi river Valley in Mozambique, the study area. The possible solutions for the emerging problems had to cover the entire region. This required the system to process large sets of data, and constantly adjust to new problems’ needs. The developed decision support system, is able to process thousands of alternatives using the analytical hierarchy process, and produce an output suitability map for the problems faced.

Indexing and active fund management: International evidence

Author's pre-print

Enhancement of an implemented rating model and impact on existing risk management processes: A hands-on approach from financial supplier risk management within the automotive industry

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a methodical drawback analysis of a financial supplier risk management approach which is currently implemented in the automotive industry. Based on identified methodical flaws, the risk assessment model is further developed by introducing a malus system which incorporates hidden risks into the model and by revising the derivation of the most central risk measure in the current model. Both methodical changes lead to significant enhancements in terms of risk assessment accuracy, supplier identification and workload efficiency.

How to optimize Lipton’s business model in order to stimulate tea consumption in Portugal and increase Lipton Leaf tea market share?: The importance of distribution and sales channels management in a B2B2C market

Field Lab Entrepreneurial Innovative Ventures

Definição de um modelo de incentivo de profissionais de saúde em contexto de integração vertical e financiamento capitativo de cuidados de saúde

RESUMO - Contexto Os indivíduos, tal como as instituições, não são imunes a incentivos. No entanto, enquanto os modelos de incentivos das instituições têm sido alvo de diferentes evoluções, o mesmo não se verificou ao nível dos profissionais. Esta situação não se figura compatível com a complexidade de gestão de recursos humanos, devendo ser obviada para potenciar o alinhamento entre os interesses institucionais e os dos próprios profissionais. Objectivos Estudar a atribuição de incentivos a profissionais de saúde no contexto de organizações com integração vertical de cuidados. Metodologia A metodologia adoptada compreendeu três fases. Numa primeira procedeu-se à revisão sistemática de literatura relativa à: (1) construção de modelos de incentivo a profissionais em diferentes sistemas de saúde e tipo de prestadores; e (2) identificação de medidas de custo-efectividade comprovada. Tendo por base esta evidência, a par de documentação oficial ao nível do modelo de financiamento das ULS, procedeu-se, numa segunda fase, à construção de um modelo de incentivo base com recurso à ferramenta Microsoft Excel. Por último, numa terceira etapa, procedeu-se à adaptação do modelo base construído na etapa transacta tendo por base informação obtida mediante a realização de um estudo retrospectivo in loco na ULS do Baixo Alentejo (ULSBA). Em adição, procedeu-se à estimativa do impacto na perspectiva da ULS e dos profissionais para o cenário base e diversas análises de sensibilidade. Resultados No que respeita à estrutura, o modelo base de incentivos a profissionais apresenta 44 indicadores, distribuídos por cinco dimensões de análise, sendo que 28 indicadores (63,6%) são de processo e 14 (31,8%) de resultado. Relativamente às dimensões em análise, verifica-se uma predominância de indicadores ao nível da dimensão eficiência e qualidade assistencial, totalizando 35 (i.e. 79,5% dos 44 indicadores). No que respeita ao destinatário, 14 indicadores (31,8%) apresentam uma visão holística da ULS, 17 (38,6%) encontram-se adstritos unicamente aos cuidados primários e os remanescentes 13 (29,5%) aos cuidados hospitalares. Cerca de 85% dos actuais incentivos da ULSBA decorre da unidade de pagamento salarial secundada pelo pagamento de suplementos (12%). Não obstante, o estudo retrospectivo da ULSBA confirmou o cenário expectável de ausência de um modelo de incentivo homogéneos e transversal à ULS, transparecendo importantes assimetrias entre diferentes unidades prestadoras e/ou profissionais de saúde. De forma relevante importa apontar a insuficiência de incentivos capitacionais (ao contrário do que sucede com o modelo de incentivo da própria ULSBA) ou adstritos a índices de desempenho. Tendo em consideração o modelo de incentivo concebido e adaptado à realidade da ULSBA, a par do plano de implementação, estima-se que o modelo de incentivos gere: (1) poupanças na perspectiva da ULS (entre 2,5% a 3,5% do orçamento global da ULSBA); e (2) um incremento de remuneração ao nível dos profissionais (entre 5% a 15% do salario base). O supracitado – aparentemente contraditório - decorre da aposta em medidas de custo-efectividade contrastada e um alinhamento entre o modelo proposto e o vigente para o próprio financiamento da unidade, apostando numa clara estratégia de ganhos mútuos. As análises de sensibilidade realizadas permitem conferir a solidez e robustez do modelo a significativas variações em parâmetros chave.

The effect of ownership concentration on management behavior in Belgian banks: A case study

Double Degree. A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Master’s Degree in Finance from NOVA – School of Business and Economics and a Masters Degree in Management from Louvain School of Management

Business continuity management at Banif: Defining and selecting recovery strategies

This project aims to delineate recovery strategies for a Portuguese Bank, as a way to increase its preparedness towards unexpected disruptive events, thus avoiding an operational crisis escalation. For this purpose, Business Continuity material was studied, a risk assessment performed, a business impact analysis executed and new strategic framework for selecting strategies adopted. In the end, a set of recovery strategies were chosen that better represented the Bank’s appetite for risk, and recommendations given for future improvements.

Strategic account management: the path to gain customer loyalty

The account management field works closely with the sales team, serving as the customer’s primary point of contact. This project’s purpose was to understand if shifting the account management from brand centric to customer centric, would be the best fit for a Portuguese Pharmaceutical company. This customer centric approach - Strategic Account Management (SAM) - was studied, understanding the implicated trade-offs to the company. The workforce was probed about the project and their comments were analyzed. The conclusion points to an implementation of SAM and proposes the adaptations to follow in order to smooth the change.

How to improve Sonae's processes of suppliers of services' management?

Sonae is one of the greatest retailers in Portugal. As the business got bigger, it centralized operations. Direcção de Serviços Administrativos processes all invoices sent by suppliers. However, there are many which deliver errors and are not processed automatically. As a result, there are lost invoices and suppliers who are not paid, while the company’s accountability becomes less transparent. Such is due to a lack of proactive attitude towards suppliers as well as to a lack of incentives for employees to perform well. Great savings may be achieved with little effort, if the right things are measured so that the right tools may be applied.

Exporting a model of integrated disease management: A cross-case study analysis and application to Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal

Although literature is lacking in the topic of internationalization of services, we manage to apply both the Uppsala model and the Eclectic Theory to the healthcare service. A cross-case study analysis with three international hospitals is done in order to define an internationalization pattern and conditions for a successful process. This is then applied to Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal with the purpose of defining an internationalization strategy to the Association.

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Methodologies for assessment

Marine Protected Areas are an effective way of protecting biodiversity, with potential socio-economic benefits including the enhancement of local fisheries and maintenance of ecosystem services. However, local fishing communities often fear short-term revenue losses and thus may oppose marine protected areas creation. This work includes a review of the need of having management effectiveness evaluation and its importance in providing useful information for stakeholders. Therefore, evaluation methodologies are presented and assessed in order to suggest possible approaches to the Berlengas MPA. In this case, an indicator-based approach can be relevant as a starting point, providing already some insights about the management effectiveness of Berlengas MPA. It also supports the development of a more ambitious approach such as a bio-economic model.