A intervenção dos orgãos de polícia criminal em sede de julgamento

Currently, Portugal assumes itself as a democratic rule of substantive law State, sustained by a legal system seeking the right balance between the guarantee of fundamental rights and freedoms constitutional foreseen in Portugal’s Fundamental Law and criminal persecution. The architecture of the penal code lies with, roughly speaking, a accusatory basic structure, “deliberately attached to one of the most remarkable achievements of the civilizational democratic progress, and by obedience to the constitutional commandment”, in balance with the official investigation principle, valid both for the purpose of prosecution and trial. Regarding the principle of non self-incrimination - nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare, briefly defined as the defendant’s right of not being obliged to contribute to the self-incrimination, it should be stressed that there isn’t an explicit consecration in the Portuguese Constitution, being commonly accepted in an implicit constitutional prediction and deriving from other constitutional rights and principles, first and foremost, the meaning and scope of the concept of democratic rule of Law State, embedded in the Fundamental Law, and in the guidelines of the constitutional principles of human person dignity, freedom of action and the presumption of innocence. In any case, about the (in) applicability of the principle of the prohibition of self-incrimination to the Criminal Police Bodies in the trial hearing in Court, and sharing an idea of Guedes Valente, the truth is that the exercise of criminal action must tread a transparent path and non-compliant with methods to obtain evidence that violate the law, the public order or in violation of democratic principles and loyalty (Guedes Valente, 2013, p. 484). Within the framework of the penal process relating to the trial, which is assumed as the true phase of the process, the witness represents a relevant figure for the administration of criminal justice, for the testimonial proof is, in the idea of Othmar Jauernig, the worst proof of evidence, but also being the most frequent (Jauernig, 1998, p. 289). As coadjutant of the Public Prosecutor and, in specific cases, the investigating judge, the Criminal Police Bodies are invested with high responsibility, being "the arms and eyes of Judicial Authorities in pursuing the criminal investigation..." which has as ultimate goal the fulfillment of the Law pursuing the defense of society" (Guedes Valente, 2013, p. 485). It is in this context and as a witness that, throughout operational career, the Criminal Police Bodies are required to be at the trial hearing and clarify the Court with its view about the facts relating to occurrences of criminal context, thus contributing very significantly and, in some cases, decisively for the proper administration of the portuguese criminal justice. With regards to the intervention of Criminal Police Bodies in the trial hearing in Court, it’s important that they pay attention to a set of standards concerning the preparation of the testimony, the very provision of the testimony and, also, to its conclusion. Be emphasized that these guidelines may become crucial for the quality of the police testimony at the trial hearing, thus leading to an improvement of the enforcement of justice system. In this vein, while preparing the testimony, the Criminal Police Bodies must present itself in court with proper clothing, to read before and carefully the case files, to debate the facts being judged with other Criminal Police Bodies and prepare potential questions. Later, while giving his testimony during the trial, the Criminal Police Bodies must, summing up, to take the oath in a convincing manner, to feel comfortable, to start well by convincingly answering the first question, keep an attitude of serenity, to adopt an attitude of collaboration, to avoid the reading of documents, to demonstrate deference and seriousness before the judicial operators, to use simple and objective language, to adopt a fluent speech, to use nonverbal language correctly, to avoid spontaneity responding only to what is asked, to report only the truth, to avoid hesitations and contradictions, to be impartial and to maintain eye contact with the judge. Finally, at the conclusion of the testimony, the Criminal Police Bodies should rise in a smooth manner, avoiding to show relief, resentment or satisfaction, leaving a credible and professional image and, without much formality, requesting the judge permission to leave the courtroom. As final note, it’s important to stress that "The intervention of the Police Criminal Bodies in the trial hearing in Court” encloses itself on a theme of crucial importance not only for members of the Police and Security Forces, who must welcome this subject with the utmost seriousness and professionalism, but also for the proper administration of the criminal justice system in Portugal.

Comportamento do consumidor brasileiro no e-commerce

Este é um estudo sobre o perfil do e-consumidor brasileiro. Através de um enquadramento do ecommerce no Brasil e de uma pesquisa qualitativa, o trabalho busca identificar quem é este consumidor, o que ele compra, porque ele compra online, como coleta as informações necessárias para escolher um produto ou serviço, quais são os fatores determinantes da compra e quais os locais escolhidos.

O código de ser no Jornalismo: o jornalista como observador do mundo e as estórias como valorização da experiência humana

A passagem para o mundo digital não só reformulou as abordagens tradicionais dos media como reivindicou o olhar e a voz do jornalista, como ferramentas criativas e enriquecedoras dos conteúdos. A arte aproxima-se do jornalismo pelo elogio à atividade humana e pelo reconhecimento do poder simultaneamente documental e sensorial da imagem. A imparcialidade do jornalista e a superficialidade dos assuntos são compreendidas como um dos motivos do afastamento da sociedade pelo consumo de informação. Face a estas problemáticas, a cooperativa Bagabaga Studios propõe uma estrutura multidisciplinar, uma visão “divergente” e as “estórias como solução”. São analisadas as práticas criativas da cooperativa e do jornal Público, reconhecendo a “diferença” como característica indispensável do jornalista e solução da pobreza visual e homogeneidade do jornalismo atual.

Estudo numérico da interação de ondas com um quebra-mar poroso utilizando o código IHFOAM

A presente dissertação tem como principal objetivo a validação da ferramenta IHFOAM do código OpenFOAM para problemas de interação de ondas com estruturas costeiras porosas, concretamente a interação de ondas com o quebra-mar poente do porto de pesca de Albufeira. Numa primeira parte deste trabalho analisa-se o comportamento do código com malhas de diferentes tipos, mais especificamente, estuda-se os efeitos sobre o escoamento de uma malha não estruturada no meio poroso em relação a uma malha estruturada. Isto é de extrema importância, devido ao tempo dispensado na construção de uma malha estruturada com elementos rectangulares. É ainda estudada a dependência da simulação numérica com o modelo de turbulência. O estudo mostra que os efeitos dos diferentes tipos de malha na zona porosa influenciam pouco o escoamento, sendo aceitável o recurso a malhas não estruturadas na zona porosa, em contraste com a escolha do modelo de turbulência que se mostra muito importante para a simulação. Numa segunda parte, são calibrados os parâmetros do meio poroso usados pelo modelo numérico. Apresenta-se o método utilizado para a calibração dos parâmetros e são estudados os seus efeitos sobre o comportamento hidráulico da estrutura. O estudo é realizado com duas alturas de ondas, uma altura de onda que não gera galgamento e uma altura de onda que gera galgamento. Foram colocadas várias sondas numéricas ao longo de um canal de ondas que medem a elevação de superfície livre simulada. Para os ensaios com galgamento, mediu-se a altura da água galgada e o volume galgado, podendo-se assim estudar os efeitos dos parâmetros do meio poroso do quebra-mar sobre o galgamento. A calibração sequencial dos parâmetros mostrou-se muito eficaz, gerando resultados muito bons. Ao longo do estudo entende-se a forte dependência do comportamento hidrodinâmico da estrutura, dos parâmetros e a necessidade de os calibrar, para cada caso estudado. Conclui-se que o IHFOAM é muito interessante para o estudo numérico de interação de onda-estrutura porosa, obtendo resultados satisfatórios para a superfície livre dentro e fora do quebra-mar. O galgamento, sendo um processo muito rápido, foi razoavelmente simulado e captado pelo código.

"A testemunha-vítima e o dieito de recusa de depoimento, no Código de Processo Penal

Study of the problems involved in the application of the right of refusal to testify (Article 134. º CPP) to criminal charges of domestic violence, namely in situations of violence between spouses. Drawing attention, to some of the contingencies of the exercise of the right of refusal in such proceedings, a matter never before examined under Portuguese law, and also to the need to reconsider, based on the North American experience, the application of the law in these cases.

A segurança dos consumidores

The present report, about consumer’s safety, shows the development of the knowledge on this particular subject and the actions carried out by entities that fight for the protection of consumer’s rights. The internship was based on the knowledge acquirement on the theoretical and practical aspects of the fight lead by the Direção Geral do Consumidor, together with other entities, towards the elimination or solely the reduction of risks caused by some products and services made available for the consumers or put on the market. During the internship, I counted with the support of my supervisor in the DGC, Dr. Ana Catarina Fonseca and, for the writing of the report, I had the help of my thesis advisor, Dr. Jorge Morais Carvalho, whenever I needed constructive criticism. My participation on the creation of the informative brochures about consumer’s safety, and the study of the legislation used by the DGC on the daily work, enabled me, effectively, to consolidate my guiding principles as a future professional on the matters of the creation of entities, private and public, which aim to ensure the protection of consumers’s rights, informing them of the possible risks or solving the already existing problems, removing dangerous products and services from the market.The report clarifies the action of the DGC on the protection of consumer’s safety, and enables some knowledge on the relations between the entities that work for the protection of the consumers and the market operators and on their work on identifying dangerous products and warning the consumers about it. The final part of this report contains information that allows us to form an idea of the importance that consumer safety has had in Cape Verde, compared with the laws of Portugal on the matter.

A indústria de defesa na cooperação Brasil-Portugal

The global dynamics of alliances are strongly determined by the level of cooperation among states. This cooperation can be embodied in various aspects, but the level of defense and security cooperation becomes usually more doctrinal and lasting. By the nature of sovereignty that instills in the bilateral relationship, cooperation at defense and security level can leverages other forms of cooperation. The circumstances and relational balance between Brazil and Portugal seem to evolve towards distancing opportunities, despite they are culturally and institutionally untainted. The economic dynamics, the strategic projection in global sustainability terms, the scale and ambition of Brazilian regional leadership, contrasts with the actual context of Portugal, distancing himself both on the stage where they operate. On the other hand, the historical and cultural roots, the language, the affinity of the peoples of CPLP and some opportunities for economic niches, trend to attract both countries. The condition of Portugal in NATO and Europe, coupled with the ability to export technical and human resources to value-added for Brazil, seems also to become approaching factors. On the balance of these dynamics, there is a set of exogenous factors (economic, external global relations matrix, regional stability, among others), which are not always controlled by any of both countries. These factors call for strong capacity for foresight analysis and decision making, with the inherent risk. There is cooperation vectors that are not apparently penalized by geographic distance, or by the difference of realities. Among these vectors we shall highlight synergies in technological niches, highly tradable goods and, mostly, using the domain of dual technologies. The thirteen niches herein identified are: Monitoring, Navigation, Command and Control, Electronics, Optoelectronics, Communication and remote sensing, Information Technologies, Flight Simulation, Specialized Training, Fiber Optic Sensors, Materials Engineering, Nanotechnology and Communications. Cumulating with identified opportunities in traditional relational framework, both countries are growing (in geography and economic terms) into the Atlantic, making it a central element in the bilateral approach. By being at the same time a growing stage of disputes and which stability tends to be threatened, it will be done an analysis of these synergistic vectors, superimposed on the impact on Atlantic securitization process.