Phonological and articulation treatment approaches in Portuguese children with speech and language impairments: a randomized controlled intervention study

Background: In Portugal, the routine clinical practice of speech and language therapists (SLTs) in treating children with all types of speech sound disorder (SSD) continues to be articulation therapy (AT). There is limited use of phonological therapy (PT) or phonological awareness training in Portugal. Additionally, at an international level there is a focus on collecting information on and differentiating between the effectiveness of PT and AT for children with different types of phonologically based SSD, as well as on the role of phonological awareness in remediating SSD. It is important to collect more evidence for the most effective and efficient type of intervention approach for different SSDs and for these data to be collected from diverse linguistic and cultural perspectives. Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of a PT and AT approach for treatment of 14 Portuguese children, aged 4.0–6.7 years, with a phonologically based SSD. Methods & Procedures: The children were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment approaches (seven children in each group). All children were treated by the same SLT, blind to the aims of the study, over three blocks of a total of 25 weekly sessions of intervention. Outcome measures of phonological ability (percentage of consonants correct (PCC), percentage occurrence of different phonological processes and phonetic inventory) were taken before and after intervention. A qualitative assessment of intervention effectiveness from the perspective of the parents of participants was included. Outcomes & Results: Both treatments were effective in improving the participants’ speech, with the children receiving PT showing a more significant improvement in PCC score than those receiving the AT. Children in the PT group also showed greater generalization to untreated words than those receiving AT. Parents reported both intervention approaches to be as effective in improving their children’s speech. Conclusions & Implications: The PT (combination of expressive phonological tasks, phonological awareness, listening and discrimination activities) proved to be an effective integrated method of improving phonological SSD in children. These findings provide some evidence for Portuguese SLTs to employ PT with children with phonologically based SSD

The Interactive Whiteboard And Language Learning: A Case Study

In this paper, we intend to present some research carried out in a state Primary school, which is very well-equipped with ICT resources, including interactive whiteboards. The interactive whiteboard was used in the context of a Unit of Work for English learning, based on a traditional oral story, ‘Jack and the Beanstalk’. It was also used for reinforcing other topics like, ‘At the beach’, ‘In the city’, ‘Jobs’, etc. An analysis of the use of the digital board, which includes observation records as well as questionnaires for teachers and pupils, was carried out.

The invisible factors that can make the difference. Language management and knowledge transfer in multinational sites

The knowledge-based society we live in has stressed the importance of human capital and brought talent to the top of most wanted skills, especially to companies who want to succeed in turbulent environments worldwide. In fact, streams, sequences of decisions and resource commitments characterize the day-to-day of multinational companies (MNCs). Such decision-making activities encompass major strategic moves like internationalization and new market entries or diversification and acquisitions. In most companies, these strategic decisions are extensively discussed and debated and are generally framed, formulated, and articulated in specialized language often developed by the best minds in the company. Yet the language used in such deliberations, in detailing and enacting the implementation strategy is usually taken for granted and receives little if any explicit attention (Brannen & Doz, 2012) an can still be a “forgotten factor” (Marschan et al. 1997). Literature on language management and international business refers to lack of awareness of business managers of the impact that language can have not only in communication effectiveness but especially in knowledge transfer and knowledge management in business environments. In the context of MNCs, management is, for many different reasons, more complex and demanding than that of a national company, mainly because of diversity factors inherent to internationalization, namely geographical and cultural spaces, i.e, varied mindsets. Moreover, the way of functioning, and managing language, of the MNC depends on its vision, its values and its internationalization model, i.e on in the way the MNE adapts to and controls the new markets, which can vary essentially from a more ethnocentric to a more pluricentric focus. Regardless of the internationalization model followed by the MNC, communication between different business units is essential to achieve unity in diversity and business sustainability. For the business flow and prosperity, inter-subsidiary, intra-company and company-client (customers, suppliers, governments, municipalities, etc..) communication must work in various directions and levels of the organization. If not well managed, this diversity can be a barrier to global coordination and create turbulent environments, even if a good technological support is available (Feely et al., 2002: 4). According to Marchan-Piekkari (1999) the tongue can be both (i) a barrier, (ii) a facilitator and (iii) a source of power. Moreover, the lack of preparation for the barriers of linguistic diversity can lead to various costs, including negotiations’ failure and failure on internationalization.. On the other hand, communication and language fluency is not just a message transfer procedure, but above all a knowledge transfer process, which requires extra-linguistic skills (persuasion, assertiveness …) in order to promote credibility of both parties. For this reason, MNCs need a common code to communicate and trade information inside and outside the company, which will require one or more strategies, in order to overcome possible barriers and organization distortions.

Phonological development in relation to native language and literacy: Variations on a theme in six alphabetic orthographies

Phonological development was assessed in six alphabetic orthographies (English, French, Greek, Icelandic, Portuguese and Spanish) at the beginning and end of the first year of reading instruction. The aim was to explore contrasting theoretical views regarding: the question of the availability of phonology at the outset of learning to read (Study 1); the influence of orthographic depth on the pace of phonological development during the transition to literacy (Study 2); and the impact of literacy instruction (Study 3). Results from 242 children did not reveal a consistent sequence of development as performance varied according to task demands and language. Phonics instruction appeared more influential than orthographic depth in the emergence of an early meta-phonological capacity to manipulate phonemes, and preliminary indications were that cross-linguistic variation was associated with speech rhythm more than factors such as syllable complexity. The implications of the outcome for current models of phonological development are discussed.

Some translation difficulties in the use of false friends in english

This paper will focus on some aspects of translation based on blending distinct linguistic domains such as English Language and Portuguese in using false friends in the English class in tertiary level students, reflecting namely on: 1. the choice of a word suitable to the context in L2 ; 2. the difficulties encountered by choice of that word that could be misleading, by relying in a false L1 reality that is going to adulterate reality in the L2 domain; 3. the difficulty in making such type of distinctions due to the lack of linguistic and lexical knowledge. 4. the need to study the cause of these difficulties by working, not only with their peers, but also with their language teacher to develop strategies to diminish and if possible to eradicate this type of linguistic and, above all, translation problem by making an inventory of those types of mistakes. In relation to the first point it is necessary to know that translation tasks involve much more than literal concepts ( Ladmiral, 1975) : furthermore it is necessary and suitable to realise that lexicon relies in significant contexts (Coseriu 1966), which connects both domains, that, at first sight do not seem to be compatible. In other words, although students have the impression they dominate lexicon due to the fact that they possess at least seven years of foreign language exposure that doesn’t mean they master the particularities engaged in such a delicate task as translation is concerned. There are some chromaticisms in the words (false friends), that need to be researched and analysed later on by both students and language teachers. The reason for such state of affairs lies in their academic formation, of a mainly general stream, which has enabled them only for knowledge of the foreign language, but not for the translation as a tool as it is required only when they reach the tertiary level. Besides, for their translations they rely, most of the times, on glossaries, whose dominant language is portuguese of Brazil, which is, obviously, much different from the portuguese mother tongue reality and even more of English. So it seems necessary to use with caution the working tools (glossaries) that work as surpluses, but could bring translation problems as we will see.

Multilingualism and interpreting: training for the EU

AGM and Conference in Mechelen 27 – 30 April 2010

On the development of an automatic voice pleasantness classification and intensity estimation system

In the last few years, the number of systems and devices that use voice based interaction has grown significantly. For a continued use of these systems, the interface must be reliable and pleasant in order to provide an optimal user experience. However there are currently very few studies that try to evaluate how pleasant is a voice from a perceptual point of view when the final application is a speech based interface. In this paper we present an objective definition for voice pleasantness based on the composition of a representative feature subset and a new automatic voice pleasantness classification and intensity estimation system. Our study is based on a database composed by European Portuguese female voices but the methodology can be extended to male voices or to other languages. In the objective performance evaluation the system achieved a 9.1% error rate for voice pleasantness classification and a 15.7% error rate for voice pleasantness intensity estimation.

O portefólio em faixas etárias precoces: potencialidades e constrangimentos

Mestrado em Ensino Precoce do Inglês

Expatriates recruitment and selection for long-term international assignments in portuguese companies

Long-term international assignments’ increase requires more attention being paid for the preparation of these foreign assignments, especially on the recruitment and selection process of expatriates. This article explores how the recruitment and selection process of expatriates is developed in Portuguese companies, examining the main criteria on recruitment and selection of expatriates’ decision to send international assignments. The paper is based on qualitative case studies of companies located in Portugal. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews of 42 expatriates and 18 organisational representatives as well from nine Portuguese companies. The findings show that the most important criteria are: (1) trust from managers, (2) years in service, (3) previous technical and language competences, (4) organisational knowledge and, (5) availability. Based on the findings, the article discusses in detail the main theoretical and managerial implications. Suggestions for further research are also presented.

Análise da tradução e legendagem da sátira no mockumentary

O presente trabalho foi elaborado no âmbito da dissertação do Mestrado em Tradução e Interpretação Especializadas, e tem como objectivo estudar o formato mockumentary, no qual se baseia a minha análise, e compreender as especificidades da tradução do elemento satírico de que este híbrido se pode revestir, enquanto elemento potenciador de comicidade. A Tradução Audiovisual é um fenómeno com que nos deparamos diariamente, seja a partir de uma televisão, de um ecrã de computador ou de um dispositivo móvel, em que estamos perante um conjunto de elementos semióticos diversos, para os quais concorre uma combinação essencial de quatro canais, a saber, o canal visual, acústico, verbal e não-verbal. O tradutor deve ter em consideração não só o código verbal, como também os elementos que não são estritamente linguísticos, como gestos, música, expressões faciais, etc. Dado que Uma Família Muito Moderna, sobre a qual baseei a minha análise, é uma série humorística com um forte pendor satírico, afigurou-se como primeiro objecto de estudo por descrever o mockumentary e analisar como esse humor se verifica na versão portuguesa. Deste modo, impõe-se abordar a questão da tradução do humor, neste caso de trocadilhos (wordplay), puns e casos de polissemia, bem como da tradução de referências culturais e intertextuais. Para esse efeito, procedi a uma análise contrastiva entre o texto original, em língua inglesa, e verificar a recuperação do tom satírico potenciador de humor nas legendas, na língua de chegada, em língua portuguesa. Em conjunto, estes elementos concorrem para a construção de um texto que, no caso deste mockumentary, se reveste de um forte tom satírico - mock - para a criação de humor, apresentando uma série que, apesar de indubitavelmente fictícia, revela determinados traços associados a formatos televisivos informativos - documentary - , transmitindo ao espectador uma ilusão de realidade e de factualidade.

A Internacionalização do ensino superior Português as razões, as estratégias e os desafios

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Internacionalização de Empresas

Poéticas ficcionais e percursos imaginários em City of glass de Paul Auster

Nas três narrativas que constituem The New York Trilogy – City of Glass, Ghosts e The Locked Room – Paul Auster emprega e desconstrói os elementos convencionais do romance policial, elaborando uma investigação recorrente da natureza, função e significado da linguagem, mas também da solidão, do encerramento e da problemática da identidade. A produção narrativa de Auster evoca fantasmas logocêntricos tradicionais (como a presença, a realidade e a verdade), que fazem eco do princípio de indissolubilidade entre palavra e significado, apenas para lograr esta identidade através de uma orientação textual para a marcação da ficcionalidade e consequente reforço dos efeitos de significação ilusórios. Auster altera os mecanismos logrando as expectativas do leitor em relação ao epílogo e à transparência textual, que um pacto mimético faria pressupor. O espaço vazio resultante confere ao texto uma liberdade plurissignificativa que dispersa todas as certezas e veicula o poder da criação do caos. Sob a aparência de fluência narrativa, a escrita de Paul Auster esconde uma subversão das premissas básicas da literatura realista e dos signos referenciais, numa poética auto-reflexiva ficcionalizada sobre a estruturação de universos imaginários.

Mauthner versus Wittgenstein

Mauthner esteemed language as a philosophical inquiry. He measured the philosophical entailments between language and reality and the consequent knowledge produced by such entailments. He questioned language’s aptitude to express and represent reality and, according to him, language is a critical source of knowledge and an unfaithful representation of reality, because there is a gap between language and reality, i.e. language distorts perception and engenders false and fictitious assumptions about reality. Language fosters superstition, creates gods and idols and exerts a dominating power over the intellect. Mauthner pointed out a critique of language based on metaphors, which would serve to address and clarify the deformation of reality. Wittgenstein, unlike himself suggested, was inspired by Mauthner. Both showed interest toward the critical analysis of language and there are many conceptual similarities between their language’s conceptions (e.g. concerning the use of metaphors to understand language). Therefore, this paper seeks a) to emphasize Mauthner’s metaphors on language as an accurate interpretation regarding the philosophical entailments between language and reality, and b) to demonstrate the epistemological legacy of Mauthner’s critique of language to Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language.

Universidade Metodista Unida de Moçambique [UMUM]

Partindo dos princípios que norteiam a UMUM, não esquecendo os pontos de referência da evolução transdisciplinar da educação – partir da/para a realidade – e tendo em mente que a estrutura student oriented sustenta a organização dos cursos, problematizamos a opção pela oferta, no 1º ano da licenciatura, de um conjunto de quatro disciplinas curriculares transversais a todos os cursos. Cientes de que a educação implica a vivência da interculturalidade e a inclusão social, o alvo é identificar o papel que a língua desempenha na descoberta do ‘eu’, na sua aceitação e consolidação, para que seja viável comunicar, agir e (con)viver em sociedade; na vivência pacífica do ‘eu’ com o ‘outro’; na construção colaborativa dos saberes e dos saberes fazeres. Daí decorre que as disciplinas curriculares transversais escolhidas, para induzir e potenciar uma educação de qualidade, tenham sido o Português, enquanto língua oficial, o Inglês, enquanto língua franca, as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, como mediadoras da comunicação, promotoras de redes e de comunidades de aprendizagem para a construção do conhecimento e, ainda, Diálogos, Paz e Desenvolvimento, propiciando uma emergência equilibrada do sujeito per se, na sua relação com o ‘outro’ e com o mundo – saber ser e saber conviver. Questionamos a metodologia a utilizar nestas disciplinas curriculares, respeitando as suas especificidades, sustentando as áreas científicas contempladas em cada curso, numa dinâmica inter/transdisciplinar, implicando os estudantes na realidade e na complexidade do conhecimento e, em complementaridade, desafiando os docentes para o trabalho colaborativo.

Os modelos das demonstrações financeiras

Orientador: Doutor, José Manuel Veiga Pereira