KM and politics at the highest level: an exploratory analysis

This paper analyzes Knowledge Management (KM) as a political activity, made by the great political leaders of the world. We try to inspect if at the macro political level KM is made, and how. The research is interesting because given that we live in a Knowledge society, in the Information Era, it is more or less obvious that the political leaders should also do KM. However we don’t know of any previous study on KM and world leaders and this paper wants to be a first step to fill that gap. As a methodology we use literature review: given this one is a first preliminary study we use data we found in the Internet and other databases like EBSCO. We divide the analysis in two main parts: theoretical ideas first, and an application second. The second part is it self divided in two segments: the past and the present times. We find that rather not surprisingly, KM always was and is pervasive in the activity of the world leaders, and has become more and more diverse has power itself became to be more and more disseminated in the world. The study has the limitation of relying on insights and texts and not on interviews. But we believe it is very interesting to make this kind of analysis and such studies may help improving the democracies in the world.

A atividade dos estabilizadores da omoplata e movimento compensatório do tronco no gesto de alcance em indivíduos pós AVE

Introdução: Lesões como o AVE interferem com a capacidade de recrutar níveis adequados de atividade muscular, podendo levar ao aparecimento de movimentos compensatórios como a excessiva translação anterior do tronco, associada ao gesto de alcance. Objetivos: Descrever a relação entre a atividade dos estabilizadores da omoplata e o movimento compensatório do tronco no gesto de alcance, em 4 indivíduos pós AVE. Pretendeu-se também analisar o papel dos estabilizadores da omoplata na função do membro superior. Métodos: Quatro indivíduos com diagnóstico de AVE, que apresentavam alterações no nível de actividade dos estabilizadores da omoplata contralesional, foram sujeitos a uma avaliação realizada em três momentos, antes (M0), durante (M1) e após (M2) e a um período de intervenção, segundo os princípios do Conceito de Bobath. Recorreu-se à electromiografia de superfície para avaliar a atividade e o timming dos músculos grande dorsal, trapézio superior e trapézio inferior do hemicorpo contralesional e ao software de Avaliação Postural (SAPO) para analisar o deslocamento do tronco no sentido anterior, associados à realização do gesto de alcance. Foram aplicadas as escalas RPS e MESUPES para avaliar as componentes de movimento do gesto de alcance e a função do membro superior, respetivamente. Recorreu-se ao registo fotográfico para análise dos componentes de movimento na posição de sentado e em pé.Resultados: Os dados eletromiográficos registam atividade dos estabilizadores da omoplata unicamente num indivíduo em M2. A análise do deslocamento anterior do tronco revela melhorias em M1 em todos os indivíduos, sendo que em M2 essa evolução positiva não foi observada em três dos participantes. Entre M0 e M2, na escala RPS registam-se melhorias de 7 a 9 pontos no alvo próximo e de 5 a 10 pontos no alvo distante. Na escala MESUPES verificam-se melhorias entre 5 a 18 pontos na sub-escala braço e entre 5 a 8 pontos na sub-escala mão, em M2. A avaliação do registo fotográfico revela modificações nos componentes de movimento dos quatro indivíduos, nomeadamente na integração dos MI na base de suporte, na atividade do tronco inferior e superior e no alinhamento do MS contralesional. Conclusão: A melhoria do nível da atividade dos estabilizadores dinâmicos da omoplata sugere ter influência na diminuição do movimento compensatório do tronco no gesto de alcance e parece ter um papel na melhoria da eficácia distal do MS do mesmo lado.

Desempenho Manual do Membro Superior Ipsilesional em Indivíduos com Acidente Vascular Encefálico

Introdução: nos pacientes que sofreram um Acidente Vascular Encefálico são incididos programas de reabilitação que visam principalmente o hemicorpo contralesional, negligenciando o lado ipsilesional. Porém, estão descritas alterações sensitivas e motoras do membro superior ipsilesional neste grupo populacional. Objetivo: avaliar os défices de sensibilidade, destreza grossa e fina e força de preensão da mão ipsilesional em indivíduos com diagnóstico de Acidente Vascular Encefálico, comparando o sexo, o hemisfério cerebral onde se localiza a lesão, a fase aguda e crónica, tendo como referência um grupo controlo. Metodologia: este estudo observacional de carácter analítico transversal foi constituído por 34 indivíduos em que 18 deles tem diagnóstico de Acidente Vascular Encefálico e 16 sem défices neurológicos. A avaliação foi iniciada com um questionário para recolha de informações dos participantes e de seguida foram aplicados instrumentos de avaliação num só momento com o mesmo examinador. Para avaliar a sensibilidade foi usado o Moving Touch-Pressure Test, para a força o Dinamómetro Baseline®, na avaliação da destreza grossa o Teste Caixa e Blocos e por fim a destreza fina com o Purdue Pegboard Test. Estatisticamente recorreu-se ao teste T-student para amostras independentes com nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: verificou-se que o membro superior ipsilesional dos indivíduos que sofreram um AVE apresenta um défice na força de preensão manual com nível se significância de p=0,001, e de p=0,000 para a destreza fina e grossa e sensibilidade, quando comparados com um grupo controlo. Constatou-se também que no grupo de indivíduos com diagnóstico de Acidente Vascular Encefálico, o sexo masculino obteve melhores resultados em todos os parâmetros avaliados. Observou-se ainda que tanto os homens como as mulheres após sofrerem um Acidente Vascular Encefálico apresentam défices funcionais na mão ipsilesional, mas no entanto os homens apresentam apenas alterações na destreza grossa (p=0,017) e na força (p=0,001). Na comparação dos hemisférios cerebrais lesados e das fases aguda e crónica do AVE verificou-se que não houve diferenças significativas. Conclusão: Existem défices no membro superior ipsilesional após Acidente Vascular Encefálico, sendo então pertinente a sua inclusão em programas de reabilitação, podendo assim melhorar a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com esta patologia.

Using Typical Consumption Profiles to Stablish the Consumption Level for Short Time Periods

The current practices in the consumption metering by electricity utilities is currently largely based on monthly consumption reading. The consumption metering device is always calculating the cumulative consumption. Then, it is possible to calculate the difference between the actual and the previous consumption evaluation in order to estimate the monthly consumption. The power systems planning needs in many aspects to handle consumption data obtained for shorter periods, namely in the Demand Response programs planning. The work presented in this paper is based on the application of typical consumption profiles that are previously defined for a certain power system area. Such profiles are then used in order to estimate the 15 minutes consumption for a certain consumer or consumer type.

Risk Acceptance in the Furniture Sector: Analysis of Acceptance Level and Relevant Influence Factors

Risk acceptance has been broadly discussed in relation to hazardous risk activities and/or technologies. A better understanding of risk acceptance in occupational settings is also important; however, studies on this topic are scarce. It seems important to understand the level of risk that stakeholders consider sufficiently low, how stakeholders form their opinion about risk, and why they adopt a certain attitude toward risk. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to examine risk acceptance in regard to occupational accidents in furniture industries. The safety climate analysis was conducted through the application of the Safety Climate in Wood Industries questionnaire. Judgments about risk acceptance, trust, risk perception, benefit perception, emotions, and moral values were measured. Several models were tested to explain occupational risk acceptance. The results showed that the level of risk acceptance decreased as the risk level increased. High-risk and death scenarios were assessed as unacceptable. Risk perception, emotions, and trust had an important influence on risk acceptance. Safety climate was correlated with risk acceptance and other variables that influence risk acceptance. These results are important for the risk assessment process in terms of defining risk acceptance criteria and strategies to reduce risks.

The influence of task design on upper limb muscles fatigue during low-load repetitive work: A systematic review

Ergonomic interventions such as increased scheduled breaks or job rotation have been proposed to reduce upper limb muscle fatigue in repetitive low-load work. This review was performed to summarize and analyze the studies investigating the effect of job rotation and work-rest schemes, as well as, work pace, cycle time and duty cycle, on upper limb muscle fatigue. The effects of these work organization factors on subjective fatigue or discomfort were also analyzed. This review was based on relevant articles published in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The studies included in this review were performed in humans and assessed muscle fatigue in upper limbs. 14 articles were included in the systematic review. Few studies were performed in a real work environment and the most common methods used to assess muscle fatigue were surface electromyography (EMG). No consistent results were found related to the effects of job rotation on muscle activity and subjective measurements of fatigue. Rest breaks had some positive effects, particularly in perceived discomfort. The increase in work pace reveals a higher muscular load in specific muscles. The duration of experiments and characteristics of participants appear to be the factors that most have influenced the results. Future research should be focused on the improvement of the experimental protocols and instrumentation, in order to the outcomes represent adequately the actual working conditions. Relevance to industry: Introducing more physical workload variation in low-load repetitive work is considered an effective ergonomic intervention against muscle fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders in industry. Results will be useful to identify the need of future research, which will eventually lead to the adoption of best industrial work practices according to the workers capabilities.

System Level Simulation and Radio Resource Management for Distributed Antenna Systems with Cognitive Radio and Multi-Cell Cooperation

4th International Conference on Future Generation Communication Technologies (FGCT 2015), Luton, United Kingdom.

The influence of pauses on the fatigue of upper limb muscles during the task of ironing

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of position and pauses on muscle activity and fatigue during the task of ironing. Ten female participants performed the task of ironing in two different positions (standing and sitting) for 10 min each with a 1-min pause at the end of each task. Muscle activity and fatigue from the upper trapezium, anterior deltoid, and pectoralis major were analyzed using surface electromyography. The results showed that the positions had no significant influence on muscle activity; nevertheless, they had significant influence on muscular fatigue. In addition, the pauses were possibly beneficial in decreasing the muscle fatigue, but the results were not conclusive.

Considerations on the Least Upper Bound for Mixed-Criticality Real-Time Systems

5th Brazilian Symposium on Computing Systems Engineering, SBESC 2015 (SBESC 2015). 3 to 6, Nov, 2015. Foz do Iguaçu, Brasil.

Is mental practice an effective adjunct therapeutic strategy for upper limb motor restoration after stroke? A systematic review and meta- analysis

Stroke is one of the most common conditions requiring rehabilitation, and its motor impairments are a major cause of permanent disability. Hemiparesis is observed by 80% of the patients after acute stroke. Neuroimaging studies showed that real and imagined movements have similarities regarding brain activation, supplying evidence that those similarities are based on the same process. Within this context, the combination of mental practice (MP) with physical and occupational therapy appears to be a natural complement based on neurorehabilitation concepts. Our study seeks to investigate if MP for stroke rehabilitation of upper limbs is an effective adjunct therapy. PubMed (Medline), ISI knowledge (Institute for Scientific Information) and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library) were terminated on 20 February 2015. Data were collected on variables as follows: sample size, type of supervision, configuration of mental practice, setting the physical practice (intensity, number of sets and repetitions, duration of contractions, rest interval between sets, weekly and total duration), measures of sensorimotor deficits used in the main studies and significant results. Random effects models were used that take into account the variance within and between studies. Seven articles were selected. As there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (MP vs control), showed a - 0.6 (95% CI: -1.27 to 0.04), for upper limb motor restoration after stroke. The present meta-analysis concluded that MP is not effective as adjunct therapeutic strategy for upper limb motor restoration after stroke.

A multi-objective optimization of the active and reactive resource scheduling at a distribution level in a smart grid context

In the traditional paradigm, the large power plants supply the reactive power required at a transmission level and the capacitors and transformer tap changer were also used at a distribution level. However, in a near future will be necessary to schedule both active and reactive power at a distribution level, due to the high number of resources connected in distribution levels. This paper proposes a new multi-objective methodology to deal with the optimal resource scheduling considering the distributed generation, electric vehicles and capacitor banks for the joint active and reactive power scheduling. The proposed methodology considers the minimization of the cost (economic perspective) of all distributed resources, and the minimization of the voltage magnitude difference (technical perspective) in all buses. The Pareto front is determined and a fuzzy-based mechanism is applied to present the best compromise solution. The proposed methodology has been tested in the 33-bus distribution network. The case study shows the results of three different scenarios for the economic, technical, and multi-objective perspectives, and the results demonstrated the importance of incorporating the reactive scheduling in the distribution network using the multi-objective perspective to obtain the best compromise solution for the economic and technical perspectives.

Testing Nelder-Mead Based Repulsion Algorithms for Multiple Roots of Nonlinear Systems via a Two-Level Factorial Design of Experiments

This paper addresses the challenging task of computing multiple roots of a system of nonlinear equations. A repulsion algorithm that invokes the Nelder-Mead (N-M) local search method and uses a penalty-type merit function based on the error function, known as 'erf', is presented. In the N-M algorithm context, different strategies are proposed to enhance the quality of the solutions and improve the overall efficiency. The main goal of this paper is to use a two-level factorial design of experiments to analyze the statistical significance of the observed differences in selected performance criteria produced when testing different strategies in the N-M based repulsion algorithm. The main goal of this paper is to use a two-level factorial design of experiments to analyze the statistical significance of the observed differences in selected performance criteria produced when testing different strategies in the N-M based repulsion algorithm.