Predictive Optimal Matrix Converter Control for a Dynamic Voltage Restorer with Flywheel Energy Storage

This paper presents a predictive optimal matrix converter controller for a flywheel energy storage system used as Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR). The flywheel energy storage device is based on a steel seamless tube mounted as a vertical axis flywheel to store kinetic energy. The motor/generator is a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine driven by the AC-AC Matrix Converter. The matrix control method uses a discrete-time model of the converter system to predict the expected values of the input and output currents for all the 27 possible vectors generated by the matrix converter. An optimal controller minimizes control errors using a weighted cost functional. The flywheel and control process was tested as a DVR to mitigate voltage sags and swells. Simulation results show that the DVR is able to compensate the critical load voltage without delays, voltage undershoots or overshoots, overcoming the input/output coupling of matrix converters.

Pressão, memorização e eficácia publicitária. Para além da repetição: a criatividade como factor potencial de eficácia da comunicação publicitária

Este artigo analisa a questão da eficácia publicitária num contexto de saturação. O reconhecimento da marca ou a recordação da publicidade associada à marca serão sempre, pelo menos, objectivos secundários de uma qualquer campanha publicitária. A eficácia surge assim associada inegavelmente à capacidade de memorização por parte do público-alvo das campanhas. Assim, parece consensual que as bases da eficácia publicitária são a memorização e a frequência publicitária no seu conjunto. Os modelos quantitativos existentes baseados em extensas bases de dados utilizados para estimar os resultados de eficácia utilizam sobretudo a relação cobertura/repetição, mas não chegam para saber qual a real eficácia do anúncio face aos objectivos junto de um determinado target. É possível aumentar a eficácia, através da criatividade, sem aumentar a pressão publicitária. Num contexto de saturação publicitária, o aumento da pressão publicitária não resultará certamente em maior eficácia. A resposta passará pelo poder da criatividade, desde logo nas estratégias do marketing e da comunicação, mas também das próprias mensagens publicitárias e na criatividade ao nível da utilização dos meios, sejam eles mais ou menos tradicionais.

The role of an illiquidity factor in the Portuguese stock market

This study examines the role of illiquidity (proxied by the proportion of zero returns) as an additional risk factor in asset pricing. We use Portuguese monthly data, covering the period between January 1988 and December 2008. We compute an illiquidity factor using the Fama and French [Fama, E. F., and K. R. French (1993), "Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds", Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 33, Nº. 1, pp. 3-56] procedure and analyze the performance of CAPM, Fama-French three-factor model and illiquidity-augmented versions of these models in explaining both the time-series and the cross-section of returns. Our results reveal that the effect of characteristic liquidity is subsumed by the models considered, but the risk of illiquidity is not priced in the Portuguese stock market.

Fast optimum-predictive control and capacitor voltage balancing strategy for bipolar back-to-back NPC converters in high-voltage direct current transmission systems

Multilevel power converters have been introduced as the solution for high-power high-voltage switching applications where they have well-known advantages. Recently, full back-to-back connected multilevel neutral point diode clamped converters (NPC converter) have been used inhigh-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. Bipolar-connected back-to-back NPC converters have advantages in long-distance HVDCtransmission systems over the full back-to-back connection, but greater difficulty to balance the dc capacitor voltage divider on both sending and receiving end NPC converters. This study shows that power flow control and dc capacitor voltage balancing are feasible using fast optimum-predictive-based controllers in HVDC systems using bipolar back-to-back-connected five-level NPC multilevel converters. For both converter sides, the control strategytakes in account active and reactive power, which establishes ac grid currents in both ends, and guarantees the balancing of dc bus capacitor voltages inboth NPC converters. Additionally, the semiconductor switching frequency is minimised to reduce switching losses. The performance and robustness of the new fast predictive control strategy, and its capability to solve the DC capacitor voltage balancing problem of bipolar-connected back-to-back NPCconverters are evaluated.

HVDC transmission systems: Bipolar back-to-back diode clamped multilevel converter with fastoptimum-predictive control and capacitor balancing strategy

Voltage source multilevel power converter structures are being considered for high power high voltage applications where they have well known advantages. Recently, full back-to-back connected multilevel neutral diode clamped converters (NPC) have been used in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. Bipolar back-to-back connection of NPCs have advantages in long distance HVDC transmission systems, but highly increased difficulties to balance the dc capacitor voltage dividers on both sending and receiving end NPCs. This paper proposes a fast optimum-predictive controller to balance the dc capacitor voltages and to control the power flow in a long distance HVDCsystem using bipolar back-to-back connected NPCs. For both converter sides, the control strategy considers active and reactive power to establish ac grid currents on sending and receiving ends, while guaranteeing the balancing of both NPC dc bus capacitor voltages. Furthermore, the fast predictivecontroller minimizes the semiconductor switching frequency to reduce global switching losses. The performance and robustness of the new fast predictive control strategy and the associated dc capacitors voltage balancing are evaluated. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Role of malnutrition and parasite infections in the spatial variation in children’s anaemia risk in Northern Angola

Anaemia has a significant impact on child development and mortality and is a severe public health problem in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Nutritional and infectious causes of anaemia are geographically variable and anaemia maps based on information on the major aetiologies of anaemia are important for identifying communities most in need and the relative contribution of major causes. We investigated the consistency between ecological and individual-level approaches to anaemia mapping, by building spatial anaemia models for children aged ≤15 years using different modeling approaches. We aimed to a) quantify the role of malnutrition, malaria, Schistosoma haematobium and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) for anaemia endemicity in children aged ≤15 years and b) develop a high resolution predictive risk map of anaemia for the municipality of Dande in Northern Angola. We used parasitological survey data on children aged ≤15 years to build Bayesian geostatistical models of malaria (PfPR≤15), S. haematobium, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura and predict small-scale spatial variation in these infections. The predictions and their associated uncertainty were used as inputs for a model of anemia prevalence to predict small-scale spatial variation of anaemia. Stunting, PfPR≤15, and S. haematobium infections were significantly associated with anaemia risk. An estimated 12.5%, 15.6%, and 9.8%, of anaemia cases could be averted by treating malnutrition, malaria, S. haematobium, respectively. Spatial clusters of high risk of anaemia (>86%) were identified. Using an individual-level approach to anaemia mapping at a small spatial scale, we found that anaemia in children aged ≤15 years is highly heterogeneous and that malnutrition and parasitic infections are important contributors to the spatial variation in anemia risk. The results presented in this study can help inform the integration of the current provincial malaria control program with ancillary micronutrient supplementation and control of neglected tropical diseases, such as urogenital schistosomiasis and STH infection.

A iliteracia financeira como factor de risco para as instituições de crédito portuguesas

Mestrado em Contabilidade e Gestão das Instituições Financeiras

Distributed Model Predictive Control for Housing with Hourly Auction of Available Energy

This paper presents a distributed model predictive control (DMPC) for indoor thermal comfort that simultaneously optimizes the consumption of a limited shared energy resource. The control objective of each subsystem is to minimize the heating/cooling energy cost while maintaining the indoor temperature and used power inside bounds. In a distributed coordinated environment, the control uses multiple dynamically decoupled agents (one for each subsystem/house) aiming to achieve satisfaction of coupling constraints. According to the hourly power demand profile, each house assigns a priority level that indicates how much is willing to bid in auction for consume the limited clean resource. This procedure allows the bidding value vary hourly and consequently, the agents order to access to the clean energy also varies. Despite of power constraints, all houses have also thermal comfort constraints that must be fulfilled. The system is simulated with several houses in a distributed environment.

Differential expression of the eukaryotic release factor 3 (eRF3/GSPT1) according to gastric cancer histological types

Background: There are now several lines of evidence to suggest that protein synthesis and translation factors are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and cancer development. Aims: To investigate gene expression patterns of eukaryotic releasing factor 3 (eRF3) in gastric cancer. Methods: RNA was prepared from 25 gastric tumour biopsies and adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa. Real time TaqMan reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to measure the relative gene expression levels. DNA was isolated from tumour and normal tissues and gene dosage was determined by a quantitative real time PCR using SYBR Green dye. Results: Different histological types of gastric tumours were analysed and nine of the 25 tumours revealed eRF3/GSPT1 overexpression; moreover, eight of the 12 intestinal type carcinomas analysed overexpressed the gene, whereas eRF3/GSPT1 was overexpressed in only one of the 10 diffuse type carcinomas (Kruskal-Wallis Test; p , 0.05). No correlation was found between ploidy and transcript expression levels of eRF3/GSPT1. Overexpression of eRF3/GSPT1 was not associated with increased translation rates because the upregulation of eRF3/GSPT1 did not correlate with increased eRF1 levels. Conclusions: Overexpression of eRF3/GSPT1 in intestinal type gastric tumours may lead to an increase in the translation efficiency of specific oncogenic transcripts. Alternatively, eRF3/GSPT1 may be involved in tumorigenesis as a result of its non-translational roles, namely (dis)regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, or transcription.

Q192R polymorphism of the paraoxonase-1 gene as a risk factor for obesity in Portuguese women

Introduction - Obesity became a major public health problem as a result of its increasing prevalence worldwide. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an esterase able to protect membranes and lipoproteins from oxidative modifications. At the PON1 gene, several polymorphisms in the promoter and coding regions have been identified. The aims of this study were i) to assess PON1 L55M and Q192R polymorphisms as a risk factor for obesity in women; ii) to compare PON1 activity according to the expression of each allele in L55M and Q192R polymorphisms; iii) to compare PON1 activity between obese and normal-weight women. Materials and methods - We studied 75 healthy (35.9±8.2 years) and 81 obese women (34.3±8.2 years). Inclusion criteria for obese subjects were body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 and absence of inflammatory/neoplasic conditions or kidney/hepatic dysfunction. The two PON1 polymorphisms were assessed by real-time PCR with TaqMan probes. PON1 enzymatic activity was assessed by spectrophotometric methods, using paraoxon as a substrate. Results - No significant differences were found for PON1 activity between normal and obese women. Nevertheless, PON1 activity was greater (P<0.01) for the RR genotype (in Q192R polymorphism) and for the LL genotype (in L55M polymorphism). The frequency of allele R of Q192R polymorphism was significantly higher in obese women (P<0.05) and was associated with an increased risk of obesity (odds ratio=2.0 – 95% confidence interval (1.04; 3.87)). Conclusion - 55M and Q192R polymorphisms influence PON1 activity. The allele R of the Q192R polymorphism is associated with an increased risk for development of obesity among Portuguese Caucasian premenopausal women.

Modulation of translation factor's gene expression by histone deacetylase inhibitors in breast cancer cells

The histone deacetylase inhibitors sodium butyrate (NaBu) and trichostatin A (TSA) exhibit anti-proliferative activity by causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The mechanisms by which NaBu and TSA cause apoptosis and cell cycle arrest are not yet completely clarified, although these agents are known to modulate the expression of several genes including cell-cycle- and apoptosis-related genes. The enzymes involved in the process of translation have important roles in controlling cell growth and apoptosis, and several of these translation factors have been described as having a causal role in the development of cancer. The expression patterns of the translation mechanism, namely of the elongation factors eEF1A1 and eEF1A2, and of the termination factors eRF1 and eRF3, were studied in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction after a 24-h treatment with NaBu and TSA. NaBu induced inhibition of translation factors' transcription, whereas TSA caused an increase in mRNA levels. Thus, these two agents may modulate the expression of translation factors through different pathways. We propose that the inhibition caused by NaBu may, in part, be responsible for the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by this agent in MCF-7 cells.

Manutenção preditiva e pró-activa: filosofias alternativas ou complementares: estudo de caso

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica Ramo Manutenção e Produção

O endomarketing como factor de sucesso nas organizações: o impacto no empenhamento e na satisfação dos clientes internos da empresa PT PRO

A literatura descreve que as ações de endomarketing contribuem para a aproximação, interação e o bom relacionamento entre a empresa e os colaboradores. Sendo caracterizada como uma relação de troca, na qual a empresa fornece instrumentos capazes de promover o interesse dos colaboradores a participarem mais ativamente em toda a envolvente organizacional - através de ações que favoreçam o diálogo, sugestões, partilha de conhecimentos e informações, bem como relatos de situações corriqueiras ocorridas no dia-a-dia da empresa. Em contrapartida, à medida que o colaborador se sente valorizado pela empresa e pelos colegas, passa a perceber a importância do seu trabalho dentro da organização, permitindo que identifique o trabalho como algo prazeroso. Esta troca contribui para a produtividade e desenvolvimento da empresa, bem como a satisfação e empenhamento dos colaboradores no trabalho. Neste sentido, visando averiguar como esta situação é vivenciada na prática decidiu-se pela realização de um estágio, tendo como questão de estudo qual o impacto das ações de endomarketing no empenhamento e na satisfação dos clientes internos da PT PRO? Para responder a tal indagação foi realizado um estágio na empresa PT PRO, nomeadamente na Direção de Desenvolvimento de Mercado, Marketing e Formação. Apresentam-se ao longo do presente relatório a descrição das especificidades do estágio, tal como as principais ilações daí retiradas tendo através de pesquisas documentais (arquivo e documentos internos e Intranet), reuniões com a Direção de Marketing e com a tutora do estágio, tal como pela aplicação e análise de um inquérito por questionário aplicado aos colaboradores, chegando-se à conclusão que, de facto, as ações de endomarketing levadas a cabo pela empresa contribuem para o empenhamento e satisfação dos colaboradores.

Factores psicossociais preditivos de ajustamento à vida de pessoas com doenças crónicas

Doenças crónicas são de longa duração, de progressão lenta e induzem alterações na vida das pessoas, que são confrontadas com um conjunto de fatores que exercem um impacto negativo na sua qualidade de vida (QdV). A QdV é um conceito envolvendo componentes essenciais da qualidade humana: físicas, psicológicas, sociais, culturais e espirituais. Após o diagnóstico e com a doença estabilizada, os doentes procuram novas formas de lidar com esta. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar fatores psicossociais preditivos (otimismo, afeto positivo e negativo, adesão aos tratamentos, suporte social e espiritualidade) da QdV (bem-estar geral, saúde física, saúde mental) e bem-estar subjetivo (BES) em pessoas com doenças crónicas. Amostra constituída por 774 indivíduos [30% diabetes, 27,1% cancro, 17,2% diabetes, 12% epilepsia, 11,5% esclerose múltipla e 2,2% miastenia, 70,5% do sexo feminino, idade M(DP)=42,9(11,6), educação M(DP)=9,6(4,7), anos diagnóstico M(DP)=12,8(9,7), classificação da doença M(DP)=6,6 (2,8)], recrutados nos hospitais centrais portugueses. Aplicando Modelos de Equações Estruturais e ajustando para variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, verificou-se que, pessoas mais otimistas, mais ativas e com uma melhor adesão aos tratamentos apresentam um melhor bem-estar geral, uma melhor saúde mental e um melhor bem-estar subjetivo; uma melhor adesão aos tratamentos contribui para uma melhor saúde física; melhor suporte social reflete-se numa melhor saúde mental; pessoas com mais espiritualidade apresentam uma melhor saúde física e uma melhor saúde mental. Estas conclusões contribuem para a definição de uma terapia que pode ajudar a uma melhor adaptação dos protocolos de tratamento para atender às necessidades dos doentes.

O conhecimento e inovação como factor de sucesso de uma organização : o caso Sport Lisboa e Benfica

Mestrado em Gestão e Empreendedorismo