Proof in classroom social practice

How does the construction of proof relate to the social practice developed in the mathematics classroom? This report addresses the role of diagrams in order to focus the complementarity of participation and reification in the process of constructing a proof and negotiating its meaning. The discussion is based on the analysis of the mathematical practice developed by a group of four 9th grade students and is inspired by the social theory of learning

Visual Screening Competencies Questionnaire (VSCQ) and orthoptic practice

The identification of core competencies which are important for undertaking accurate visual screening by orthoptists is considered in this study. The aim was to construct and validate a questionnaire for orthoptists to assess visual screening competency. This study comprised three steps. The first step involved a 69-item self-assessment questionnaire constructed to assess orthoptists' perception of their competencies in visual screening programs for children. This questionnaire was constructed with statements from the Orthoptic Benchmark Statement for Health Care Programmes (Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education, UK) and included three competency dimensions: interpersonal (IP), instrumental (IT) and systemic (ST). The second step involved questionnaire translation.

Construção e desenvolvimento da identidade profissional do educador de infância - percursos no masculino : um estudo de três casos

Dissertação de Mestrado em Supervisão em Educação, enquadrada na linha de investigação sobre Desenvolvimento Profissional dos Professores, apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa

Expert opinion on best practice guidelines and competency framework for visual screening in children

PURPOSE: Screening programs to detect visual abnormalities in children vary among countries. The aim of this study is to describe experts' perception of best practice guidelines and competency framework for visual screening in children. METHODS: A qualitative focus group technique was applied during the Portuguese national orthoptic congress to obtain the perception of an expert panel of 5 orthoptists and 2 ophthalmologists with experience in visual screening for children (mean age 53.43 years, SD ± 9.40). The panel received in advance a script with the description of three tuning competencies dimensions (instrumental, systemic, and interpersonal) for visual screening. The session was recorded in video and audio. Qualitative data were analyzed using a categorical technique. RESULTS: According to experts' views, six tests (35.29%) have to be included in a visual screening: distance visual acuity test, cover test, bi-prism or 4/6(Δ) prism, fusion, ocular movements, and refraction. Screening should be performed according to the child age before and after 3 years of age (17.65%). The expert panel highlighted the influence of the professional experience in the application of a screening protocol (23.53%). They also showed concern about the false negatives control (23.53%). Instrumental competencies were the most cited (54.09%), followed by interpersonal (29.51%) and systemic (16.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Orthoptists should have professional experience before starting to apply a screening protocol. False negative results are a concern that has to be more thoroughly investigated. The proposed framework focuses on core competencies highlighted by the expert panel. Competencies programs could be important do develop better screening programs.

Análisis de la adecuación de libros de texto de E. Primaria a la enseñanza a estudiantes de altas capacidades matemáticas

Un problema al que se enfrentan los profesores de matemáticas de Enseñanza Primaria es la necesidad de hacer adaptaciones en sus programaciones para ofrecer una educación adecuada a sus alumnos de altas capacidades matemáticas. Las editoriales de libros de texto de matemáticas de estos niveles educativos ofrecen diversas soluciones que, usualmente, consisten en incluir, en el libro del alumno, algunos problemas más difíciles y, en la documentación del profesor, una propuesta de problemas de ampliación. Una cuestión que se plantea al analizar un libro de texto de matemáticas es valorar cómo de útil puede ser el material proporcionado por la editorial (libro de texto y materiales complementarios) para un profesor que necesita una programación específica para sus alumnos de altas capacidades matemáticas. En este artículo proponemos diversas variables con las que valorar el grado de adecuación a estudiantes de altas capacidades matemáticas de los documentos proporcionados a los profesores por las editoriales. Después ponemos en práctica esta propuesta analizando el tema dedicado a los cuadriláteros en 4º curso de Enseñanza Primaria de una editorial de amplia difusión en España. Las conclusiones globales son que los materiales del profesor analizados prestan poca atención a los estudiantes de altas capacidades matemáticas y que la metodología de análisis que hemos empleado permite identificar direcciones para plantear actividades interesantes para estos estudiantes.

The histopathological approach to inflammatory bowel disease: a practice guide

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are lifelong disorders predominantly present in developed countries. In their pathogenesis, an interaction between genetic and environmental factors is involved. This practice guide, prepared on behalf of the European Society of Pathology and the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation, intends to provide a thorough basis for the histological evaluation of resection specimens and biopsy samples from patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Histopathologically, these diseases are characterised by the extent and the distribution of mucosal architectural abnormality, the cellularity of the lamina propria and the cell types present, but these features frequently overlap. If a definitive diagnosis is not possible, the term indeterminate colitis is used for resection specimens and the term inflammatory bowel disease unclassified for biopsies. Activity of disease is reflected by neutrophil granulocyte infiltration and epithelial damage. The evolution of the histological features that are useful for diagnosis is time- and disease-activity dependent: early disease and long-standing disease show different microscopic aspects. Likewise, the histopathology of childhood-onset IBD is distinctly different from adult-onset IBD. In the differential diagnosis of severe colitis refractory to immunosuppressive therapy, reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection should be considered and CMV should be tested for in all patients. Finally, patients with longstanding IBD have an increased risk for the development of adenocarcinoma. Dysplasia is the universally used marker of an increased cancer risk, but inter-observer agreement is poor for the categories low-grade dysplasia and indefinite for dysplasia. A diagnosis of dysplasia should not be made by a single pathologist but needs to be confirmed by a pathologist with expertise in gastrointestinal pathology.

Between theory and practice – teaching maths to elementary school students in Poland

The development of children's school achievements in mathematics is one of the most important aims of education in Poland. The results of research concerning monitoring of school achievements in maths is not optimistic. We can observe low levels of children’s understanding of the merits of maths, self-developed strategies in solving problems and practical usage of maths skills. This article frames the discussion of this problem in its psychological and didactic context and analyses the causes as they relate to school practice in teaching maths

Particularidades do género masculino no Ensino da Técnica de Dança Clássica: 3º ano / rapazes

Relatório Final de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Dança, com vista à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino de Dança

Prática de ensino supervisionado no 1.º e 2.º ciclo do ensino básico: de que modo as actividades práticas promovem a aquisição de conhecimento no âmbito do estudo do meio, em alunos do 1.º ciclo do ensino básico

Relatório de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Enisno do 1.º e 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Reply to letter to the Editor: Expert opinion on best practice guidelines and competency framework for visual screening in children

The aim of this study was to describe experts’ perception of best-practice guidelines and competency framework for visual screening in children. This study uses qualitative data and shows individual/ group conceptualization. The use of evidence from qualitative studies has traditionally been a fundamental source of knowledge in the clinical and social sciences.

Mammography equipment design: impact on radiographers’ practice

Objectives - Identify radiographers’ postures during frequent mammography procedures related to the mammography equipment and patient characteristics. Methods - A postural task analysis was performed using images acquired during the simulation of mammography positioning procedures. Simulations included craniocaudal/(CC) and mediolateral-oblique/(MLO) positioning in three different settings: radiographers and patients with similar statures, radiographers smaller than the patients and radiographers taller than the patients. Measurements of postural angles were performed by two raters using adequate software and classified according to the European Standard EN1005-4:2005 + A1:2008. Results - The simulations revealed that the most awkward posture in mammography is during the positioning of MLO projection in short-stature patients. Postures identified as causing work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD) risk were neck extension, arms elevated and the back stooped, presenting angles of 87.2, 118.6 and 63.6, respectively. If radiographers were taller than patients, then the trunk and arm postures were not acceptable. Conclusions - Working in a mammography room leads to awkward postures that can have an impact on radiographers’ health, namely WRMSDs. The results in this study showed that there are non-acceptable postures associated with frequent working procedures in mammography. MLO is the most demanding procedure for radiographer postures and may be related to WRMSDs. Mammography devices should be redesigned considering adjustability for radiographers. Main Messages: • Mammography constraints for radiographers in mammography procedures have not been well studied. • Performing mammography leads to awkward postures that can impact radiographers’ health. • MLO, the most demanding procedure for radiographers, is possibly related to WRMSDs.

A organização do ambiente educativo como mediador das experiências de aprendizagem das crianças

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

O educador de Infância também “brinca”?

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

Research practice development for nuclear medicine technologists: an innovative experience

Introduction - European nuclear medicine technologist’s education is delivered by Higher Education Institutions and students obtain a grade of Bachelor of Sciences (BSc), during which they are initiated to research during their studies. Once BSc nuclear medicine technologists are in professional practice, they have very few opportunities to develop a real research experience and they rather become passive users than active contributors the growth of scientific knowledge in nuclear medicine. Aim - To describe and discuss an innovative educational and professional experience aimed in strengthen research knowledge, skills and competencies of former nuclear medicine technologists student in the context of an international mobility stay.

As birras das crianças: o papel do educador e dos encarregados de educação

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar