75 resultados para Dispositivos de via aérea
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Nanotechnology is an important emerging industry with a projected annual market of around one trillion dollars by 2015. It involves the control of atoms and molecules to create new materials with a variety of useful functions. Although there are advantages on the utilization of these nano-scale materials, questions related with its impact over the environment and human health must be addressed too, so that potential risks can be limited at early stages of development. At this time, occupational health risks associated with manufacturing and use of nanoparticles are not yet clearly understood. However, workers may be exposed to nanoparticles through inhalation at levels that can greatly exceed ambient concentrations. Current workplace exposure limits are based on particle mass, but this criteria could not be adequate in this case as nanoparticles are characterized by very large surface area, which has been pointed out as the distinctive characteristic that could even turn out an inert substance into another substance exhibiting very different interactions with biological fluids and cells. Therefore, it seems that, when assessing human exposure based on the mass concentration of particles, which is widely adopted for particles over 1 μm, would not work in this particular case. In fact, nanoparticles have far more surface area for the equivalent mass of larger particles, which increases the chance they may react with body tissues. Thus, it has been claimed that surface area should be used for nanoparticle exposure and dosing. As a result, assessing exposure based on the measurement of particle surface area is of increasing interest. It is well known that lung deposition is the most efficient way for airborne particles to enter the body and cause adverse health effects. If nanoparticles can deposit in the lung and remain there, have an active surface chemistry and interact with the body, then, there is potential for exposure. It was showed that surface area plays an important role in the toxicity of nanoparticles and this is the metric that best correlates with particle-induced adverse health effects. The potential for adverse health effects seems to be directly proportional to particle surface area. The objective of the study is to identify and validate methods and tools for measuring nanoparticles during production, manipulation and use of nanomaterials.
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A navegação aérea, enquanto atividade regulada, está sujeita a legislação específica, dependendo o seu exercício de autorização própria atribuída por uma entidade supervisora, que também verifica as tarifas a aplicar. O regulamento (CE) N.º 550/2004 identifica os requisitos comuns para a prestação de serviços de navegação aérea na Europa, dando particular importância à transparência do relato financeiro ao exigir a sua elaboração segundo as normas internacionais de contabilidade e a verificação por uma auditoria independente. Adicionalmente, o Regulamento (EU) N.º 1191/2010, que alterou o Regulamento (CE) N.º 1794/2006, estabelece o regime comum de tarifação de tais serviços, nomeadamente a recuperabilidade de desvios relativos ao volume de tráfego e aos gastos controláveis e não controláveis. Ao nível do enquadramento contabilístico, as atividades reguladas não têm uma norma específica. Existem dois projetos do IASB – um de 2009, que foi suspenso, e um de 2013, relativo à implementação de uma norma transitória que incentive a adoção das normas internacionais por entidades que exerçam atividades reguladas. Existe, ainda, uma norma do FASB não aplicável no espaço europeu. Os R&C de várias entidades evidenciam a existência de diferentes referenciais contabilísticos e que a generalidade dos relatórios de auditoria não tem reservas ou ênfases. Enquanto algumas entidades apenas divulgam os montantes dos desvios, outras entidades consideram que tais montantes se qualificam, reconhecendo-os. Tal facto decorre da inexistência de uma norma internacional que põe em causa a comparabilidade da informação financeira e dificulta o julgamento do auditor quanto à adequação ou não dos procedimentos adotados pela entidade.
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This paper is devoted to the synchronization of a dynamical system defined by two different coupling versions of two identical piecewise linear bimodal maps. We consider both local and global studies, using different tools as natural transversal Lyapunov exponent, Lyapunov functions, eigenvalues and eigenvectors and numerical simulations. We obtain theoretical results for the existence of synchronization on coupling parameter range. We characterize the synchronization manifold as an attractor and measure the synchronization speed. In one coupling version, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the synchronization. We study the basins of synchronization and show that, depending upon the type of coupling, they can have very different shapes and are not necessarily constituted by the whole phase space; in some cases, they can be riddled.
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Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Vias de Comunicação e Transportes
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Projeto para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática e de Computadores
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Mestrado em Tecnologia de Diagnóstico e Intervenção Cardiovascular - Ramo de especialização: Intervenção Cardiovascular
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Trabalho Final de Mestrado para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil, na Área de Especialização de Vias de Comunicação e Transportes
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Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Audiovisual e Multimédia.
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Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Trabalho de projecto apresentado à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Publicidade e Marketing.
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Relatório de Estágio para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil Área de Especialização de Edificações
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This article describes work performed on the assessment of the levels of airborne ultrafine particles emitted in two welding processes metal-active gas (MAG) of carbon steel and friction-stir welding (FSW) of aluminium in terms of deposited area in alveolar tract of the lung using a nanoparticle surface area monitor analyser. The obtained results showed the dependence from process parameters on emitted ultrafine particles and clearly demonstrated the presence of ultrafine particles, when compared with background levels. The obtained results showed that the process that results on the lower levels of alveolar-deposited surface area is FSW, unlike MAG. Nevertheless, all the tested processes resulted in important doses of ultrafine particles that are to be deposited in the human lung of exposed workers.
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The application of femtosecond laser interferometry to direct patterning of thin-film magnetic alloys is demonstrated. The formation of stripe gratings with submicron periodicities is achieved in Fe1-xVx (x=18-34wt. %) layers, with a difference in magnetic moments up to Delta mu/mu similar to 20 between adjacent stripes but without any significant development of the topographical relief (<1% of the film thickness). The produced gratings exhibit a robust effect of their anisotropy shape on magnetization curves in the film plane. The obtained data witness ultrafast diffusive transformations associated with the process of spinodal decomposition and demonstrate an opportunity for producing magnetic nanostructures with engineered properties upon this basis.
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We present a generator for single top-quark production via flavour-changing neutral currents. The MEtop event generator allows for Next-to-Leading-Order direct top production pp -> t and Leading-Order production of several other single top processes. A few packages with definite sets of dimension six operators are available. We discuss how to improve the bounds on the effective operators and how well new physics can be probed with each set of independent dimension six operators.
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Relatório Final apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre no Mestrado em Ensino do 1.º e 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico