Perceptions of residents of hosting the “Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture”: an ex-ante approach

The European Capital of Culture is an annual mega-event, which can provide a good forum though which to challenge and engage local citizens, thus generating feelings of common citizenship. In addition, it presents an ideal opportunity to promote the restructuring of the hosting urban space. However, the success of both the organization and the city that hosts the cultural event depends on the residents’ commitment towards it, the consistency of the tourism attractions and activities supplied, and the capacity of anticipating and monitoring the evolution of tourists’ preferences. The present study aims to assess the intention to participate and the impacts perceived by residents of Guimarães from hosting one of the 2012 European Capitals of Culture (2012 ECOC) in the ex-ante period (2011). Through a convenience sample of 471 usable surveys applied to the local population, conducted between October and December 2011, we tried to identify some of these potential impacts. According to the results received, 40% of residents had a low or very low knowledge of the cultural program, although only 11% demonstrated no intention of attending any activity during the event. The comparison of the mean scores of the expected 2012 ECOC impacts by gender reveals that the most valued and least valued factors are common to female and male respondents. With regard to the differences between those that intended to attend the event and the ones that did not, expected participants rated positive and negative impact factors more than did the ones that did not intend to attend.

How does gender affect visiting a world heritage site?: the case study of Guimarães

To date few studies have been undertaken in Portugal dealing with the attitudes, motivations, and profile of tourists who visit World Heritage Sites. Also, few studies have dealt with destination image (e.g., Agapito, Mendes & Valle, 2010; Lopes, 2011). As far as it is known, none have approached the issue of gender differences in the choice of a Portuguese heritage destination. Since cultural tourism destinations need to differentiate themselves from each other, appropriate market segmentation must be based on a deep understanding of the customers’ motivations and preferences. Keeping in mind results from empirical literature (e.g., Silberberg, 1995; Beerli & Martin, 2004; Richards, 2004; Pérez, 2009; Sheng, Shen, & Chen, 2008), gender seems to be a possible approach to market segmentation, whether for Guimarães or for other cultural tourism destinations around the world. Located in the north-western region of Portugal, Guimarães is a city of strong symbolic and cultural significance, and the nomination of its historical centre as a World Heritage Site in 2001 enhanced its tourism potential. This study analyses the possible relation between gender and attitudes and motivations towards a World Heritage Site, such as Guimarães. Additionally, the empirical approach used in the study tries to capture differences in the perceived attributes of the city. Commonalities and distinctions within and between groups of tourists, by focusing on the specific characteristic of gender, were analysed. The study addressed two main questions: first, whether males and females have similar or different preferences in choosing the city as their destination; and, second, whether there are gender differences in the perception of the attributes of Guimarães. A better understanding of the gendered nature of the destination is a valuable cue for shaping products and services according to visitors’ preferences.

Does Gender Affect Visiting a World Heritage Site?

The city of Guimar˜aes in Portugal is a place of strong symbolic and cultural significance, and the nomination of its historical center as a World Heritage Site in 2001 enhanced its tourism potential. This study presents the results of a survey conducted in 2010 and 2011 to capture the profile and motivations of tourists visiting Guimar˜aes as a cultural tourism destination. The study addressed two main issues: whether males and females have similar or different preferences in choosing the city as their destination, and whether there are gender differences in the perception of the attributes of Guimar˜aes. A better understanding of the gendered nature of the destination is a valuable cue for shaping products and services according to visitors’ preferences. The results suggest that both men and women are aware of the main elements responsible for the city’s World Heritage status. That the destination is a Heritage Site that also offers the opportunity to tour the region has a significant positive effect on male tourists’ choice of Guimar˜aes. Regarding the perceived attributes of the city, results indicate minor gender differences with one exception: Women expressed more apprehension than men regarding the perceived security of the destination.

The role of cultural mega events in the enhancement of city’s image attributes: differences between engaged and attendee participants

In a time of fierce competition between regions, an image serve as a basis to develop a strong sense of community, which fosters trust and cooperation that can be mobilized for regional growth. A positive image and reputation could be used in the promotional activities of the region benefiting all the stakeholders as a whole. Mega cultural events are frequently used to attract tourists and investments to a region, but also to enhance the city’s image. This study adopts a marketing/communication perspective of city’s image, and intends to explain how the image of the city is perceived by their residents. Specifically, we intend to compare the perceptions of residents that effectively participated in the Guimarães European Capital of Culture (ECOC) 2012 (engaged residents), and the residents that only assisted to the event (attendees). Several significant findings are reported and their implications for event managers and public policy administrators presented, along with the limitations of the study.

Residents’ perceptions on impacts of hosting the “Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture”: comparisons of the pre-and post-2012 ECOC

Residents tend to have high expectations about the benefits of hosting a mega‐event. So, it was not surprising that the nomination of Guimarães, Portugal, as the 2012 European Capital of Culture (2012 ECOC) had raised great expectations in the local community towards its socio‐economic and cultural benefits. The present research was designed to examine the Guimarães residents’ perceptions on the impacts of hosting the 2012 ECOC approached in two different time schedules, the pre‐ and the post‐event, trying to capture the evolution of the residents` evaluation of its impacts. For getting the data, two surveys were applied to Guimarães` residents, one in the pre‐event phase, in 2011, and another in the post‐event phase, in 2013. This approach is uncommonly applied to Portugal data and it is even the first time it was done to a Portuguese European Capital of Culture. After a factor analysis, the results of t‐tests indicate that there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the samples from the pre‐ and post‐2012 ECOC on two positive impact factors (Community’ benefits and Residents’ benefits) and one negative impact factor (Economic, social and environmental costs). Respondents also showed a negative perception of the impacts in all dimensions, except Changes in habits of Guimarães residents.

Ex-ante evaluation by the media of the Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture

The nomination of Guimarães to host the 2012 European Capital of Culture (ECC) has put on the agenda of the city the need of measuring the effects that the implementation of this mega event could have in it and in the municipality a whole. The balance of the benefits and costs and an extended community involvement tend to reduce negative impacts and enhance positive ones. This chapter analyzes the involvement of population and local associations in the planning and organization of the 2012 Guimarães European Capital of Culture, using the coverage made during 2011 by local and national press of the mega event. A content analysis of the news published covering the period between January and December 2011 and using three newspapers was conducted. From those, two were local and weekly newspapers and one was a national daily one. Looking to data results, it can be concluded that it was poor the community involvement and, also, the one of the cultural associations in the organizations of the 2012 ECC. A strong negative reaction to the model choose to plan the mega event conducted by official organizers was found, which has cast doubts on the desirable participation of the residents and, consequently, on the success of the mega event, especially in a perspective of a medium and long term effects.

Residents’ perceptions on impacts of hosting the “Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture”: comparisons of the pre-and post-2012 ECOC

The nomination of Guimarães, a small city located in the northwest of Portugal, as European capital of culture (ECOC) in 2012 raised great expectations in the local community towards its socio-economic and cultural benefits. As noted by various authors, namely Kim and Petrick (2005), Kim, Gursoy and Lee (2006) and Gursoy, Chi, Ai and Chen (2011), residents tend to have high expectations about the benefits of hosting a mega-event, although they tend to recognize that some costs will result from it. Therefore, the present research was designed to examine the Guimarães residents’ perceptions on the impacts of the 2012 European capital of culture (2012 ECOC) on the city and the municipality of Guimarães before and after the mega-event and the differences found between the two time periods.

Survival Analysis Employed in Predicting Corporate Failure: A Forecasting Model Proposal

In face of the current economic and financial environment, predicting corporate bankruptcy is arguably a phenomenon of increasing interest to investors, creditors, borrowing firms, and governments alike. Within the strand of literature focused on bankruptcy forecasting we can find diverse types of research employing a wide variety of techniques, but only a few researchers have used survival analysis for the examination of this issue. We propose a model for the prediction of corporate bankruptcy based on survival analysis, a technique which stands on its own merits. In this research, the hazard rate is the probability of ‘‘bankruptcy’’ as of time t, conditional upon having survived until time t. Many hazard models are applied in a context where the running of time naturally affects the hazard rate. The model employed in this paper uses the time of survival or the hazard risk as dependent variable, considering the unsuccessful companies as censured observations.

La perspectiva de los profesionales de la salud acerca de la información contable en un hospital-empresa en Portugal. Estudio de caso

Aunque en el contexto internacional sea muy estudiada, en Portugal la utilización de la información económico-financiera en el hospital público es un tema de investigación reciente. Nuestro trabajo está basado en un estudio de caso y tiene como objetivo aclarar si los profesionales que tienen poder de decisión sobre los recursos dentro del hospital, en particular los médicos y los cargos de jefe, usan la información económico-financiera disponible y cuáles son los factores que condicionan su utilización de esta información. Los resultados indican que la consulta de la información económico-financiera no es una práctica común para la generalidad de los médicos y jefes dentro del hospital, aunque un porcentaje importante de profesionales ya la integró en su rutina. El análisis estadístico confirmó solo dos de nuestras hipótesis. Por consiguiente, creemos que además de las variables explicativas identificadas en nuestro estudio, hay espacio para que futuras investigaciones identifiquen otros factores que explican la utilización de la información contable por parte de los profesionales de la salud.

DO POCAL ÀS NICSP DO IPSASB: O RECONHECIMENTO DOS BENS DE DOMÍNIO PÚBLICO DOS MUNICÍPIOS PORTUGUESES

Este trabalho tem por objetivos analisar o disposto no POCAL (1999) e nas NICSP do IPSASB quanto ao reconhecimento dos bens de domínio público (BDP), bem como verificar se poderão existir problemas inerentes ao reconhecimento dos BDP em Portugal, ultrapassáveis com a adoção das NICSP em Portugal. Do estudo efetuado, concluímos que o POCAL (1999) não apresenta os requisitos para o reconhecimento dos ativos, e mais especificamente dos bens de domínio público, o que afeta a comparabilidade da informação financeira entre diferentes entidades. A NICSP nº 17 (IPSASB, 2006b), por sua vez, refere que, se a entidade reconhecer este tipo de ativos, deve observar os requisitos para o reconhecimento dos ativos fixos tangíveis mencionados nessa norma. Portanto, adotar um novo Sistema de Normalização Contabilística aplicável à Administração Pública (SNC-AP), assente nas NICSP, poderá ser a solução para garantir comparabilidade da informação, no que respeita ao reconhecimento dos BDP.

On universal central extensions of Hom-Leibniz algebras

In the category of Hom-Leibniz algebras we introduce the notion of Hom-corepresentation as adequate coefficients to construct the chain complex from which we compute the Leibniz homology of Hom-Leibniz algebras. We study universal central extensions of Hom-Leibniz algebras and generalize some classical results, nevertheless it is necessary to introduce new notions of α-central extension, universal α-central extension and α-perfect Hom-Leibniz algebra due to the fact that the composition of two central extensions of Hom-Leibniz algebras is not central. We also provide the recognition criteria for these kind of universal central extensions. We prove that an α-perfect Hom-Lie algebra admits a universal α-central extension in the categories of Hom-Lie and Hom-Leibniz algebras and we obtain the relationships between both of them. In case α = Id we recover the corresponding results on universal central extensions of Leibniz algebras.

Um olhar sobre...as principais alterações ao regime do processo de inventário

Com a Lei n.º 23/2013, de 5 de março foram introduzidas importantes alterações ao regime jurídico do processo de inventário, tal como o conhecíamos. Na verdade, e em termos rigorosos, tratou-se da implementação de um novo regime do processo de inventário, aprovado pela referida lei, e não de uma remodelação do já existente. Dessas alterações, a transferência de competência para efetuar o processamento dos atos e termos do processo de inventário, que se verificou dos Juízes para os Notários é, do nosso ponto de vista, a principal. Não obstante, outras alterações se sobressaem e caracterizam o novo regime. O legislador manteve intacto o regime do patrocínio judiciário até então vigente, continuando a ser obrigatória a constituição de advogado para se suscitar ou discutir questões de direito. A análise dessa obrigatoriedade permite-nos analisar o papel do solicitador nesta espécie de processos.

O Pinguim Pingalim e o Leão Tião - estudo e construção de narrativas visuais no álbum infantil ilustrado

A ilustração infantil está na base deste nosso projecto. Sendo esta uma área em crescimento na actualidade, e que muito nos motiva, foi fundamental estudar alguns aspectos sobre a história da ilustração infantil em Portugal e também abordar o processo de concepção, criação e publicação de um álbum infantil ilustrado. No âmbito deste projecto desenvolvemos assim uma parte teórica e também uma parte prática, que consistiu na criação de um livro infantil ilustrado: O Pinguim Pingalim e o Leão Tião, com texto de Lurdes Breda e música de João Conde. O álbum foi concebido tendo por base o estudo das possibilidades da narrativa visual e sua articulação com a narrativa escrita e sonora. O álbum ilustrado, destinado a uma faixa etária dos 6 aos 10 anos, foi apresentado e trabalhado junto das crianças, efectuando-se a análise da recepção da obra junto do público.

Ecodesign e usabilidade no redesign de produtos de usos quotidiano

A crescente saturação dos mercados com produtos similares aos já existentes ou cuja adaptação ao utilizador se revelou ineficiente, torna pertinente a elaboração de projectos que se traduzam em produtos que, efectivamente, tragam vantagem competitiva e, consequentemente, contribuam para o desenvolvimento e bem estar tanto da sociedade como do ecossistema. Como tal, a actividade do design deve assumir uma posição estratégica por forma a conseguir conceber soluções que preservem tanto quanto possível, os recursos naturais ao mesmo tempo que melhoram os contextos físicos e sociais dos seus utilizadores. Assim, com este trabalho pretende-se elaborar uma estratégia para conseguir um processo de desenvolvimento de produto optimizado que englobe, de igual forma, as preocupações ambientais e o utilizador. Portanto, numa primeira fase são revistos os princípios de ecodesign, segue-se o estudo das áreas vocacionadas para o utilizador, que dizem respeito a ergonomia e, consequentemente, a usabilidade. E por fim é formulada uma metodologia projectual adaptada dos estudos revistos, que pretende dar resposta a este sistema de projecto optimizado. A metodologia é depois validada, com a sua implementação num projecto real, de redesign de um aspirador de uso quotidiano. Esta metodologia foi dividida em duas fases principais de pesquisa: (i) o reconhecimento das necessidades reais dos utilizadores, bem como problemas associados ao produto, por meio de pesquisas e testes de usabilidade (N=120), e (ii) a quantificação do impacto ambiental do produto (através do método do eco-indicador 99). Os dados globais permitem definir os requisitos do produto e delinear os critérios a serem incorporados no redesign do produto e também as medidas para melhorar a usabilidade que foram consistentes com as soluções de concepção ecológica.

Residents’ perspectives on tourism impacts of portuguese world heritage historic centers: Angra do Heroísmo and Évora

The aim of this study is twofold. First, the study analyzes local community perspectives of the importance of the World Heritage Site (WHS) classification of the historic centers of Angra do Heroísmo and Évora. Second, the study analyzes local residents’ perceived tourism impacts on the municipalities of Angra do Heroísmo and Évora. The methodology comprises quantitative research based on a self-administered survey applied to convenience samples of local residents of the two Portuguese municipalities in 2014. The main results reveal that local residents have a strongly positive perception of the WHS designation in both municipalities. With regard to the perceived tourism impacts, residents from Angra do Heroísmo have a stronger agreement about the impacts of tourism on their city than the residents of Évora, except for the negative social and cultural impacts. The comparison of the mean scores of these impacts across residents that live near and far from the historic centers reveals that the most valued and least valued impacts in the three categories of impacts (economic, social and cultural, and environmental) are common to all groups of residents. Nevertheless, residents living in or near the historic center of Angra do Heroísmo have higher means in the majority of tourism impacts (in all categories), with only one negative impact to concern the majority of respondents. Among the residents from Évora, residents living in or near the historic center have higher means in the majority of economic impacts but lower means in almost social and cultural impacts. With regard to the environmental impacts, residents living in or near the historic center have higher means scores in the positive impacts and lower means scores in the negative environmental impacts.