On the steric and mass-induced contributions to the annual sea level variations in the Mediterranean Sea

The sea level variation (SLVtotal) is the sum of two major contributions: steric and mass-induced. The steric SLVsteric is that resulting from the thermal and salinity changes in a given water column. It only involves volume change, hence has no gravitational effect. The mass-induced SLVmass, on the other hand, arises from adding or subtracting water mass to or from the water column and has direct gravitational signature. We examine the closure of the seasonal SLV budget and estimate the relative importance of the two contributions in the Mediterranean Sea as a function of time. We use ocean altimetry data (from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason 1, ERS, and ENVISAT missions) to estimate SLVtotal, temperature, and salinity data (from the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean ocean model) to estimate SLVsteric, and time variable gravity data (from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Project, April 2002 to July 2004) to estimate SLVmass. We find that the annual cycle of SLVtotal in the Mediterranean is mainly driven by SLVsteric but moderately offset by SLVmass. The agreement between the seasonal SLVmass estimations from SLVtotal – SLVsteric and from GRACE is quite remarkable; the annual cycle reaches the maximum value in mid-February, almost half a cycle later than SLVtotal or SLVsteric, which peak by mid-October and mid-September, respectively. Thus, when sea level is rising (falling), the Mediterranean Sea is actually losing (gaining) mass. Furthermore, as SLVmass is balanced by vertical (precipitation minus evaporation, P–E) and horizontal (exchange of water with the Atlantic, Black Sea, and river runoff) mass fluxes, we compared it with the P–E determined from meteorological data to estimate the annual cycle of the horizontal flux.

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Redes sociales en industrias culturales: opiniones desde la praxis

Tanto por el público al que se dirigen como por el tipo de «producto» que ofrecen, las industrias culturales pueden obtener múltiples ventajas con el uso de las redes sociales. En el presente estudio analizamos el papel que juegan las redes sociales online en las empresas culturales a través de la opinión de cualificados expertos en redes sociales y con el método Delphi. Las conclusiones revelan que, en el ámbito de las empresas culturales, existe una prevalencia de los usos utilitarios sobre los expresivos y de las motivaciones proactivas sobre las reactivas, con referencia a las redes sociales.

Redes de seguridad para cierre vertical de fachadas

Entre otros medios de protección colectiva, en los últimos años se vienen utilizando en España redes verticales de cierre de fachadas, a paño completo entre forjados en fase de estructura, y también para huecos menores como ventanas o puertas, en fases posteriores. Este tipo de protección no cuenta hasta el momento con ningún tipo de regulación oficial, si bien en el grupo de trabajo AEN/CTN81/SC2/GT7 se desarrolla actualmente el borrador de la norma Pr UNE 81651 a tal fin. Desde el Dtº. de Ing. de la Construcción de la Universidad de Alicante, varios miembros del grupo de trabajo han desarrollado, contando con la experiencia en otros sistemas de protección, algunos modelos numéricos con elementos finitos para valorar y cuantificar variables mecánicas asociadas al episodio de una eventual caída de una persona sobre este tipo de redes, caracterizado por una menor energía cinética que para otros tipos de ellas. En el artículo se exponen los resultados obtenidos para ambos tipos de paños, grandes y pequeños, donde se han valorado la separación de anclajes de la red, las aberturas generadas en su perímetro durante la retención, los esfuerzos en anclajes y elementos textiles, el factor de impacto que sufriría el accidentado y la repercusión de la disposición geométrica de la red, al cuadro o al rombo.

Las carreras académicas de mujeres y hombres en la Universidad de Alicante

El artículo presenta las conclusiones de la investigación «Evaluación de la conciliación, corresponsabilidad y promoción profesional en la Universidad de Alicante». Específicamente, se profundiza en el conocimiento de los mecanismos que reproducen la desigualdad en el ámbito universitario: el síndrome de desequilibrio en la cumbre definido por Díez, Terrón y Anguita (2006). A partir de la triangulación de datos, procedentes de dos grupos de discusión y de una encuesta administrada al colectivo docente e investigador, se identifican tres factores explicativos que dibujan el particular techo de cristal de las académicas: la costumbre social, la disímil definición del poder entre mujeres y hombres y la ausencia de redes de apoyo informales.

On the decorrelation filtering of RL05 GRACE data for global applications

In autumn 2012, the new release 05 (RL05) of monthly geopotencial spherical harmonics Stokes coefficients (SC) from GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) mission was published. This release reduces the noise in high degree and order SC, but they still need to be filtered. One of the most common filtering processing is the combination of decorrelation and Gaussian filters. Both of them are parameters dependent and must be tuned by the users. Previous studies have analyzed the parameters choice for the RL05 GRACE data for oceanic applications, and for RL04 data for global application. This study updates the latter for RL05 data extending the statistics analysis. The choice of the parameters of the decorrelation filter has been optimized to: (1) balance the noise reduction and the geophysical signal attenuation produced by the filtering process; (2) minimize the differences between GRACE and model-based data; (3) maximize the ratio of variability between continents and oceans. The Gaussian filter has been optimized following the latter criteria. Besides, an anisotropic filter, the fan filter, has been analyzed as an alternative to the Gauss filter, producing better statistics.

Acceleration and Deflection Analysis for Class C Edge Protection Systems in Construction Work

The requirements for edge protection systems on most sloped work surfaces (class C, according to EN 13374-2013 code) in construction works are studied in this paper. Maximum deceleration suffered by a falling body and maximum deflection of the protection system were analyzed through finite-element models and confirmed through full-scale experiments. The aim of this work is to determine which value for deflection system entails a safe deceleration for the human body. This value is compared with the requirements given by the current version of EN 13374-2013. An additional series of experiments were done to determine the acceleration linked to minimum deflection required by code (200 mm) during the retention process. According to the obtained results, a modification of this value is recommended. Additionally, a simple design formula for this falling protection system is proposed as a quick tool for the initial steps of design.

A Computational Model of the Belief System Under the Scope of Social Communication

This paper presents an approach to the belief system based on a computational framework in three levels: first, the logic level with the definition of binary local rules, second, the arithmetic level with the definition of recursive functions and finally the behavioural level with the definition of a recursive construction pattern. Social communication is achieved when different beliefs are expressed, modified, propagated and shared through social nets. This approach is useful to mimic the belief system because the defined functions provide different ways to process the same incoming information as well as a means to propagate it. Our model also provides a means to cross different beliefs so, any incoming information can be processed many times by the same or different functions as it occurs is social nets.

Earth’s Rotation: A Challenging Problem in Mathematics and Physics

A suitable knowledge of the orientation and motion of the Earth in space is a common need in various fields. That knowledge has been ever necessary to carry out astronomical observations, but with the advent of the space age, it became essential for making observations of satellites and predicting and determining their orbits, and for observing the Earth from space as well. Given the relevant role it plays in Space Geodesy, Earth rotation is considered as one of the three pillars of Geodesy, the other two being geometry and gravity. Besides, research on Earth rotation has fostered advances in many fields, such as Mathematics, Astronomy and Geophysics, for centuries. One remarkable feature of the problem is in the extreme requirements of accuracy that must be fulfilled in the near future, about a millimetre on the tangent plane to the planet surface, roughly speaking. That challenges all of the theories that have been devised and used to-date; the paper makes a short review of some of the most relevant methods, which can be envisaged as milestones in Earth rotation research, emphasizing the Hamiltonian approach developed by the authors. Some contemporary problems are presented, as well as the main lines of future research prospected by the International Astronomical Union/International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group on Theory of Earth Rotation, created in 2013.

Delphi study for the design and validation of a questionnaire about digital competences in higher education

The study of digital competence remains an issue of interest for both the scientific community and the supranational political agenda. This study uses the Delphi method to validate the design of a questionnaire to determine the perceived importance of digital competence in higher education. The questionnaire was constructed from different framework documents in digital competence standards (NETS, ACLR, UNESCO). The triangulation of non-parametric techniques made it possible to consolidate the results obtained through the Delphi panel, the suitability of which was highlighted through the expert competence index (K). The resulting questionnaire emerges as a good tool for undertaking future national and international studies on digital competence in higher education.