Aproximación epidemiológica al estudio de las condiciones de empleo, trabajo y salud en la población inmigrante colombiana en España

El objetivo es analizar las condiciones de trabajo en inmigrantes colombianos y sus problemas de salud asociados. Para tal fin, se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo, en población inmigrante colombiana trabajadora activa o en paro, mediante encuesta personal, recogiendo información sobre características personales y laborales e indicadores de salud. Los resultados indican que existe un porcentaje importante de inmigrantes con contrataciones temporales o sin contrato y jornadas de trabajo semanales por encima de las 40 horas. Una quinta parte no se encuentra de alta en la seguridad social. La gran mayoría de las mujeres (92%) tienen salarios menores o iguales a los 1.200 euros. La población percibe discriminación en espacios sociales y laborales. Se reportan problemas de salud con diferencias por sexo. Casi una tercera parte no ha recibido información sobre prevención de accidentes y daños a la salud. Se evidencian así, situaciones de precariedad que exigen estrategias para garantizar mecanismos de protección social para esta población.

Social determinants and health effects of low and high severity intimate partner violence

PURPOSE: We sought to analyze whether the sociodemographic profile of battered women varies according to the level of severity of intimate partner violence (IPV), and to identify possible associations between IPV and different health problems taking into account the severity of these acts. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 8,974 women (18-70 years) attending primary healthcare centers in Spain (2006-2007) was performed. A compound index was calculated based on frequency, types (physical, psychological, or both), and duration of IPV. Descriptive and multivariate procedures using logistic regression models were fitted. RESULTS: Women affected by low severity IPV and those affected by high severity IPV were found to have a similar sociodemographic profile. However, divorced women (odds ratio [OR], 8.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2-20.3), those without tangible support (OR, 6.6; 95% CI, 3.3-13.2), and retired women (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2-6.0) were more likely to report high severity IPV. Women experiencing high severity IPV were also more likely to suffer from poor health than were those who experienced low severity IPV. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of low and high severity IPV seems to be influenced by the social characteristics of the women involved and may be an important indicator for estimating health effects. This evidence may contribute to the design of more effective interventions.

Competence profile differences among graduates from different academic subject fields: implications for improving students’ education

The aim of a university education is the intellectual development of citizens, and the training of professionals for their subsequent entry into the workforce. However, this entry into the workforce, following the theoretical education usually provided by the university, implies that students have to manage this difficult transition by themselves. Society, in a continual process of transformation, requires of universities that they adjust, adapting the education they offer to comply with the demands of society and the workplace. Socio-emotional skills would seem to have influence predicting professional performance. These skills also influence job-finding and employability. Consequently, providing teachers with an education in socioemotional competences is becoming a necessary task within universities, and the majority of teaching staff consider these skills to be fundamental to the personal and socio-emotional development of students. The objective of our proposed work is to establish the characteristic profile of competences of a sample of teachers in training, and compare it with the competences profile of graduate students belonging to the fields of law sciences, social sciences, humanities, science and technology, and health. Starting from results, implications will be derived for the development of generic competences of socio-emotional type in the framework of the European Frame of Higher Education.