Crescimento de larvas de Sardina pilchardus e Engraulis encrasicolus e dieta de Sardina pilchardus na Baía de Biscaia (NE Atlântico)

Dissertação de mest., Aquacultura e Pescas (Pescas), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Univ. do Algarve, 2010

Diapositivos de apoio às aulas de Tecnologia Alimentar

Diapositivos de apoio às aulas teóricas de Tecnologia Alimentar - ESSUAlg: Dietética e Nutrição

Dietary biodiesel-derived crude glycerol in gilthead seabream juveniles (Sparus aurata): effects on growth performance and metabolism

In the European Union the turn towards renewable energy sources has increased the production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil, leaving glycerol (also known as glycerin) as a valuable by-product. For every litre of biodiesel produced, approximately 79 g of crude glycerol are generated. As the biodiesel production grows, the quantity of crude glycerol generated will be considerable and its utilization will become an urgent topic. One possibility is the use of crude glycerol on animal feeds. Glycerol has been evaluated as a dietary energy source for several farm animals, including fish. A study was undertaken to assess the effect of dietary biodiesel-derived glycerol (from rapeseed oil) on the overall growth performance, digestive capacity and metabolic nutrient utilization in juvenile gilthead seabream fed a low fishmeal level diet. Two practical diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (crude protein, 45.4% DM), isolipidic (18.5% DM) and isoenergetic (gross energy, 21.3 kJ/g DM). The control diet (CTRL) was formulated with intermediate levels of marine-derived proteins (19%). In the same basal formulation, 5% glycerol (GLY) was incorporated at the expenses of wheat. Each dietary treatment was tested in triplicate tanks over 63 days, with 20 gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), with a mean initial body weight (IBW) of 27.9  0.12 g. At the end of the trial, fish fed the CTRL diet reached a final body weight of 84.3  2.2 g (more than 3-fold increase of initial body weight). Fish fed the GLY diet showed a significantly higher (P<0.05) growth, expressed in terms of final body weight and specific growth rate. Voluntary feed intake was similar between the two treatments, but both feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were significantly improved (P<0.05) in fish fed the GLY diet. Dietary glycerol had no effect (P>0.05) on the apparent digestibility of protein. In comparison to the control treatment, dietary glycerol significantly improved (P<0.05) protein and fat retention. Activities of digestive enzymes were significantly affected by the various dietary treatments. Fish fed the GLY diet showed an enhanced activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and pepsin, while activities of lipase and leucine-alanine peptidase (LAP) were little affected by dietary glycerol. Fish show the ability to use crude glycerol as a dietary energy substrate.

A proteomic study of the effects of nutrient restriction in utero on postnatal metabolism

It is widely recognized that protein restriction in utero may cause metabolic and endocrine adaptations, which may be of benefit to the neonate on a short-term basis but may cause adverse long-term conditions such as obesity, Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Adequate foetal and early post natal nutrient and energy supply is therefore essential for adult animal health, performance and life span. In this project it was investigated the progressive adaptations of the hepatic proteome in male mink offspring exposed to either a low protein (FL) or an adequate protein (FA) diet in utero fed either on a low protein (LP) or on an adequate (AP) diet from weaning until sexual maturity. Specifically, the aim was to determine the metabolic adaptations at selected phases of the animal’s first annual cycle and establish the metabolic priorities occurring during those phases. The three different morphological stages studied during the first year of development included, end of bone growth at 4 months of age, maximal fat accretion at 6 months of age and sexual maturity at 12 months of age. A reference proteome of mink liver coming from these different animal groups were generated using 2D electrophoresis coupled to MALDI-TOF analysis and the way in which dietary treatment affect their proteome was established. Approximately 330 proteins were detected in the mink liver proteome. A total of 27 comparisons were carried out between all different animal groups which resulted in 20 differentially expressed proteins. An extensive survey was conducted towards the characterization of these proteins including their subcellular localization, the biological processes in which they are involved and their molecular functions. This characterization allowed the identification of proteins in various processes including the glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism. The detailed analysis of the different dietary treatment animal groups was indicative of differences in metabolism and also to changes associated with development in mink.

A incorporação das preferências do utilizador no desenvolvimento de software para dados biomédicos: uma contribuição da análise conjunta nas tecnologias de informação da saúde

O aumento significativo de patologias relacionadas com a alimentação, designadamente a obesidade, considerada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde como a “epidemia do século XXI”, remete o profissional da área da nutrição para a necessidade de uma intervenção cada vez mais eficiente. O objectivo deste estudo é avaliar a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias que possibilitem o auxílio aos processos de apoio nutricional, assim como medir as preferências no desenvolvimento de software. Para isso, utilizou-se a Análise Conjunta, na qual os resultados agregados foram hierarquizados mediante uma Análise Categórica de Componentes Principais, para posterior segmentação dos individuos, mediante uma Análise de Clusters Hierárquicos. Neste estudo, pode verificar-se que não existe preferências no desenvolvimento de software genérico, havendo uma grande receptividade dos profissionais de saúde ao desenvolvimento da Telemedicina na área da nutrição. Por fim, existem diferenças, estatisticamente significativas, entre os profissionais da área da nutrição, o que permite a sua caracterização.

Nutrition and farming practices as modulators of quality in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Gilthead seabream is the most important farmed species in the Mediterranean, and knowledge on how common farming practices impact its quality is limited. As such, this Thesis aimed to evaluate how gilthead seabream flesh quality is affected by some of these practices. In Chapter 2, the influence of nutritional factors was evaluated, specifically the high replacement of traditional marine-derived ingredients, both fishmeal and fish oil, with vegetable sources. We have seen that the vegetable-based diets tested did not greatly impact seabream flesh quality, although some alterations were seen in the fatty acid profile of the muscle. However, and despite having caused no alterations in flesh texture, vegetable ingredients reduced the amount of sulphated glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix, affected muscle pH and reduced the activity of proteolytic enzymes. Throughout this Thesis, we measured for the first time the activity of proteolytic enzymes in seabream muscle, and cathepsin B was found to play a pivotal role in post-mortem muscle degradation. In Chapter 3, we evaluated the effect of harvesting and slaughter stress on seabream quality, and contrary to what is seen in most farmed species, our results show that gilthead seabream muscle structure is highly resistant to changes caused by stressful events. Nonetheless, considering that welfare is an increasingly important quality criterion, the use of a zero-withdrawal anaesthetic as a rested harvest technique or even slaughter method could prove valuable to the industry. In Chapter 4, we used maslinic acid as a dietary supplement, to modulate the muscle’s energetic status pre-mortem. As a finishing strategy, maslinic acid failed to increase levels of glycogen and ATP in the muscle. However, supplementation resulted in higher muscle fibre diameter and lower cathepsin B activity, and maslinic acid is likely to be useful to promote growth in this species. In general our Thesis has generated new knowledge to a major challenge facing the aquaculture industry, which is to find a compromise between the trends towards intensive rearing and consumer demand for healthy, high quality seafood being ethically acceptable and having a low impact on the environment.

Animais versus plantas e estudo do meio

Neste estudo analisaram-se duas séries de manuais escolares de duas editoras (oito manuais) de forma a conhecer como são apresentados os temas Animais e Plantas. Com a sua análise qualitativa e quantitativa, pretendeu-se conhecer que conteúdos são mais valorizados nos livros escolares, que exemplos são apresentados e a relevância de imagens, relativos a animais e plantas. Relativamente aos conteúdos analisados verificou-se uma ligeira valorização dos animais sobre as plantas em ambas as editoras. De entre as categorias definidas distinguem-se com maior domínio a Classificação, a Nutrição e as Utilidades, sendo que cada uma das editoras valoriza de modo diferente os dois temas. Também o número de imagens é bastante assimétrico entre as editoras já que na editora A o número de imagens de plantas e animais é semelhante e a editora B apresenta aproximadamente o dobro de imagens de plantas relativamente aos animais. O número de exemplos apresentados sobre as plantas também supera os exemplos sobre os animais.

Estágio de arquitetura paisagista na divisão de planeamento e projeto na Câmara Municipal de Lisboa

Dissertação de mestrado, Arquitetura Paisagista, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Early nutritional programming in fish: tailoring the metabolic use of dietary carbohydrates

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências da Vida, do Mar, da Terra e do Ambiente (Nutrição), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Incorporation of selenium on microalgae as supplement to artemia and zebrafish

Dissertação de mestrado, Aquacultura, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Loss of Par3 leads to aberrant divisions and faster mitotic progression in differentiating primary murine keratinocytes

Dissertação de Mestrado, Oncobiologia: Mecanismos Moleculares do Cancro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015