Os processos comunicacionais na área de tecnologia da informação e suas implicações na gestão e no marketing

Tese dout., Ciências Económicas e Empresariais Domínio Científico de Gestão, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Algarve,2013

Asma - perfil de uma patologia crónica multifactorial: processo inflamatório e abordagem farmacoterapêutica

Fundamentado numa pesquisa bibliográfica exaustiva, o presente trabalho pretende identificar os vários fenótipos da asma que afectam a população, assim como os mecanismos celulares e moleculares que conduzem ao processo de inflamação crónica e de remodelação brônquica característicos desta patologia. Hoje a terapêutica farmacológica da asma, encontra-se dirigida à prevenção de exacerbações pelo controlo da inflamação ou à reversibilidade da obstrução brônquica resultante das mesmas. Assim com a ambição de definir um tratamento mais eficiente que eventualmente leve à cura, vários imunomoduladores têm sido desenvolvidos, sobre os quais recairá alguma da atenção neste estudo. Entre Março e Setembro de 2011, foi recolhida informação bibliográfica, recorrendo a livros, artigos e bases de dados online, procurando sempre as fontes com informação mais actual e fidedigna disponível. Depois de investigados os vários intervenientes nos processos de inflamação e remodelação brônquicas e a forma como interagem entre si, avaliaram-se algumas das novas moléculas disponíveis para o tratamento da asma, actualmente em fase de ensaios clínicos. Alguns destes fármacos revelam-se promissores no tratamento de alguns fenótipos específico de asma. Considerada uma doença bastante complexa e heterogénea, é agora perceptível que a asma, não é apenas determinada por uma resposta linfocitária Th2, mas reflecte antes uma constante mudança na resposta imunitária, que compreende uma complexa rede de sinais efectores e regulatórios entre as células estruturais e diversos leucócitos. Assim a contínua busca de novos tratamentos passará pela modulação conjunta de vários mediadores, com o objectivo de alterar alguma

Differential requirements of aPKC activity within different epithelial tissues

Epithelial tissues are essential during morphogenesis and organogenesis. During development, epithelial tissues undergo several different remodeling processes, from cell intercalation to cell change shape. An epithelial cell has a highly polarized structure, which is important to maintain tissue integrity. The mechanisms that regulate and maintain apicobasal polarity and epithelial integrity are mostly conserved among all species and in different tissues within the same organism. aPKC-PAR complex localizes in the apical domain of polarized cells, and its function is essential for apicobasal polarization and epithelial integrity. In this work we characterized two novel alleles of aPKC: a temperature sensitive allele (aPKCTS), which has a point mutation on a kinase domain, and another allele with a point mutation on a highly conserved amino acid within the PB1 domain of aPKC (aPKCPB1). Analysis of the aPKCTS mutant phenotypes, lead us to propose that during development different epithelial tissues have differential requirements of aPKC activity. More specifically, our work suggests de novo formation of adherens junctions (AJs) is particularly sensitive to sub-optimal levels of apkc activity. Analysis of the aPKCPB1 allele, suggests that aPKC is likely to have an apical structural function mostly independent of its kinase activity. Altogether our work suggests that although loss of aPKC function is associated to similar epithelial phenotypes (e.g., loss of apicobasal polarization and epithelial integrity), the requirements of aPKC activity within these tissues are nevertheless likely to vary.

Insights into molecular and cellular events involved in normal and pathological vertebral development and fusion using zebrafish as model organism

The vertebral column and its units, the vertebrae, are fundamental features, characteristic of all vertebrates. Developmental segregation of the vertebral bodies as articulated units is an intrinsic requirement to guarantee the proper function of the spine. Whenever these units become fused either during development or postsegmentation, movement is affected in a more or less severe manner, depending on the number of vertebrae affected. Nevertheless, fusion may occur as part of regular development and as a physiological requirement, like in the tetrapod sacrum or in fish posterior vertebrae forming the urostyle. In order to meet the main objective of this PhD project, which aimed to better understand the molecular and cellular events underlying vertebral fusion under physiological and pathological conditions, a detailed characterization of the vertebral fusion occurring in zebrafish caudal fin region was conducted. This showed that fusion in the caudal fin region comprised 5 vertebral bodies, from which, only fusion between [PU1++U1] and ural2 [U2+] was still traceable during development. This involved bone deposition around the notochord sheath while fusion within the remaining vertebral bodies occur at the level of the notochord sheath, as during the early establishment of the vertebral bodies. A comparison approach between the caudal fin vertebrae and the remaining vertebral column showed conserved features such as the presence of mineralization related proteins as Osteocalcin were identified throughout the vertebral column, independently on the mineralization patterns. This unexpected presence of Osteocalcin in notochord sheath, here identified as Oc1, suggested that this gene, opposing to Oc2, generally associated with bone formation and mature osteoblast activity, is potentially associated with early mineralization events including chordacentrum formation. Nevertheless, major differences between caudal fin region and anterior vertebral bodies considering arch histology and mineralization patterns, led us to use RA as an inductive factor for vertebral fusion, allowing a direct comparison of equivalent structures under normal and fusion events. This fusion phenotype was associated with notochord sheath ectopic mineralization instead of ectopic perichordal bone formation related with increased osteoblast activity, as suggested in previous reports. Additionally, alterations in ECM content, cell adhesion and blood coagulation were discussed as potentially related with the fusion phenotype. Finally, Matrix gla protein, upregulated upon RA treatment and shown to be associated with chordacentrum mineralization sites in regular development, was further described considering its potential function in vertebral formation and pathological fusion. Therefore with this work we propose zebrafish caudal fin vertebral fusion as a potential model to study both congenital and postsegmentation fusion and we present candidate factors and genes that may be further explored in order to clarify whether we can prevent vertebral fusion.

O papel do regulador transcricional CITED2 na leucemia linfoblástica aguda de linfócitos T

A leucemia linfoblástica aguda de Linfócitos T (LLA-T) é uma neoplasia agressiva de precursores de células T do timo, que afeta principalmente crianças e adolescentes. A identificação de fatores moleculares que controlam a iniciação e progressão da LLA-T é fundamental para desenvolvimento de terapêuticas mais específicas e eficientes. Devido a atividade de fatores de transcrição estar muitas vezes desregulada na LLA-T e o regulador transcricional CITED2 controla diversos processos no desenvolvimento e oncogénese, levando assim ao objetivo principal, verificar se o CITED2 está envolvido na iniciação e/ou progressão da LLA-T, para se cumprir este iremos verificar se o CITED2está expresso nas linhas celulares leucémicas, quais os seus efeitos e por último verificar se o seu promotor é influenciada por três vias de sinalização: JAK-STAT, NFkB e NOTCH1. Analisou-se a expressão de CITED2 em linhas celulares de leucemia linfoblástica das células T e de células T normais, realizando o PCR quantitativo. Verificou-se que todas as células expressavam o CITED2, algumas com elevada expressão, por exemplo a linha celular EL4.2 expressa sete vezes mais Cited2 que os timócitos normais. Selecionou-se duas linhas celulares, EL4.2 e as DND41, para efetuar a subexpressão de CITED2, utilizando um plasmídeo lentiviral que expressa um RNA de interferência contra o CITED2. Conseguimos obter transdução estável deste plasmídeo para a linha celular DND41, tendo então efetuado análises de proliferação celular em meio de cultura normal ou meio com redução de soro fetal bovino. Verificou-se que a linha celular DND41/shCITED2 apresentava um maior crescimento celular comparando com a linha DND41/pLKO.1, sendo significativo, a partir das 48 horas, mas análise das fases do ciclo celular não demonstrou qualquer diferença. Analisou-se a resistência destas linhas celulares à apoptose, tratando as células com dexametasona, um agente quimioterápico para leucemias LLA-T. Observou-se que existe uma ligeira tendência para a linha celular DND41/shCITED2 ser mais resistente à apoptose. Mas nas linhas celulares sem tratamento, verificou-se diferenças na fase G0/G1 e G2/M, sendo que a linha celular DND41 sh CITED2 apresenta mais células com ciclo celuar ativo. Analisou-se no presente trabalho, se o promotor do CITED2 seria influenciando pela ativação das vias de sinalização JAK-STAT, NF-kB e NOTCH1. Os nossos resultados indicam que a ativação destas vias regulam negativamente o promotor do CITED2. Tendo em conta o conjunto dos nossos resultados, podemos concluir que a inativação do regulador transcricional CITED2 pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da LLA-T. No entanto, será necessário desenvolver mais estudos para compreender os mecanismos subjacentes.

Evolution, gene regulation and functional analysis of BMP2 in fish

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily with a central role in bone formation and mineralization. BMP2, a founding member of this family, has demonstrated remarkable osteogenic properties and is clinically used to promote bone repair and fracture healing. Lack of basic data on factors regulating BMP2 expression and activity have hampered a better understanding of its role in bone formation and bone-related diseases. The objective of this work was to collect new functional data and determine spatiotemporal expression patterns in a fish system aiming towards a better understanding of BMP2 function and regulation. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gilthead seabream BMP2 gene was inferred from luciferase reporter systems. Several bone- and cartilage-related transcription factors (e.g. RUNX3, MEF2c, SOX9 and ETS1) were found to regulate BMP2 transcription, while microRNA 20a was shown to affect stability of the BMP2 transcript and thus the mineralogenic capacity of fish bone-derived host cells. The regulation of BMP2 activity through an interaction with the matrix Gla protein (MGP) was investigated in vitro using BMP responsive elements (BRE) coupled to luciferase reporter gene. Although we demonstrated the functionality of the experimental system in a fish cell line and the activation of BMP signaling pathway by seabream BMP2, no conclusive evidence could be collected on a possible interaction beween MGP and BMP2. The evolutionary relationship among the members of BMP2/4/16 subfamily was inferred from taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses. BMP16 diverged prior to BMP2 and BMP4 and should be the result of an ancient genome duplication that occurred early in vertebrate evolution. Structural and functional data suggested that all three proteins are effectors of the BMP signaling pathway, but expression data revealed different spatiotemporal patterns in teleost fish suggesting distinct mechanisms of regulation. In this work, through the collection of novel data, we provide additional insight into the regulation, the structure and the phylogenetic relationship of BMP2 and its closely related family members.

Introdução a novos processos de produção de energias renováveis no ensino secundário : célula fotovoltaica orgânica e pilha de combustível

Dissertação de Mestrado, Física para Ensino, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2004

Ciência e alteridade na literatura de viagens : estudo de processos retóricos e hermenêuticos

Tese de Doutoramento, Literatura Portuguesa, Unidade de Ciências Exactas e Humanas, Universidade do Algarve, 2000

Otimização da fragmentação e dos processos de fixação na reprodução assexuada do coral mole Sarcophyton sp.

Dissertação de mestrado, Aquacultura e Pescas (Aquacultura), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Fracionamento por processos de membranas do soro de queijo com vista ao uso na produção de bioetanol

Dissertação de mestrado, Engenharia Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências e da Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Identification of novel molecular determinants of tissue mineralization in fish

The identification of genes involved in signaling and regulatory pathways, and matrix formation is paramount to the better understanding of the complex mechanisms of bone formation and mineralization, and critical to the successful development of therapies for human skeletal disorders. To achieve this objective, in vitro cell systems derived from skeletal tissues and able to mineralize their extracellular matrix have been used to identify genes differentially expressed during mineralization and possibly new markers of bone and cartilage homeostasis. Using cell systems of fish origin and techniques such as suppression subtractive hybridization and microarray hybridization, three genes never associated with mechanisms of calcification were identified: the calcium binding protein S100-like, the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase sdr-like and the betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase bhmt3. Analysis of the spatial-temporal expression of these 3 genes by qPCR and in situ hybridization revealed: (1) the up-regulation of sdr-like transcript during in vitro mineralization of gilthead seabream cell lines and its specificity for calcified tissues and differentiating osteoblasts; (2) the up-regulation of S100-like and the down-regulation of bhmt3 during in vitro mineralization and the central role of both genes in cartilaginous tissues undergoing endo/perichondral mineralization in juvenile fish. While expression of S100-like and bhmt3 was restricted to calcified tissues, sdr-like transcript was also detected in soft tissues, in particular in tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. Functional analysis of gene promoters revealed the transcriptional regulation of the 3 genes by known regulators of osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation/mineralization: RUNX2 and RAR (sdr-like), ETS1 (s100-like; bhmt3), SP1 and MEF2c (bhmt3). The evolutionary relationship of the different orthologs and paralogs identified within the scope of this work was also inferred from taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses and revealed novel protein subfamilies (S100-like and Sdr-like) and the explosive diversity of Bhmt family in particular fish groups (Neoteleostei). Altogether our results contribute with new data on SDR, S100 and BHMT proteins, evidencing for the first time the role for these three proteins in mechanisms of mineralization in fish and emphasized their potential as markers of mineralizing cartilage and bone in developing fish.

Characterization of TRIB2 following PI3K inhibition

Dissertação de mestrado, Oncobiologia,(Mecanismos Moleculares do Cancro), Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Os processos de formação do registo arqueológico de Vale Boi: uma abordagem geoarqueológica

Dissertação de mestrado, Arqueologia, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Propriedades biotecnológicas de microrganismos isolados de processos fermentativos

Dissertação de mestrado, Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

Limites de distribuição vertical da espécie Patella depressa: padrões e processos

Dissertação de Mestrado, Biologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015