Los orígenes de la industria española de los forasteros

La llegada de forasteros a nuestro país no era una empresa fácil de acometer en una España en crisis después de 1898, dividida políticamente entre conservadores y liberales, y con serias carencias en sus infraestructuras y transportes. La actividad comercial española necesitaba nuevos frentes y el turismo podría convertirse en un importante factor y motor mercantil.La búsqueda y la construcción en torno a ese objetivo comenzó a partir de 1905, cuando la iniciativa pública y privada realizaron las primeras gestiones encaminadas a este fin, y se constituyen se constituyeron sociedades-sindicatos, según el modelo francés, para fomentar la afición por los viajes y la recepción de viajeros.

The use of cues for attention in ancient Greek art: aspects that influence concentration in the work of art and its elements

The goal of this study is to identify cues for the cognitive process of attention in ancient Greek art, aiming to find confirmation of its possible use by ancient Greek audiences and artists. Evidence of cues that trigger attention’s psychological dispositions was searched through content analysis of image reproductions of ancient Greek sculpture and fine vase painting from the archaic to the Hellenistic period - ca. 7th -1st cent. BC. Through this analysis, it was possible to observe the presence of cues that trigger orientation to the work of art (i.e. amplification, contrast, emotional salience, simplification, symmetry), of a cue that triggers a disseminate attention to the parts of the work (i.e. distribution of elements) and of cues that activate selective attention to specific elements in the work of art (i.e. contrast of elements, salient color, central positioning of elements, composition regarding the flow of elements and significant objects). Results support the universality of those dispositions, probably connected with basic competencies that are hard-wired in the nervous system and in the cognitive processes.