Intérêt clinique de la recherche des autoanticorps dans les connectivites et les vasculites.

SCOPUS: re.j

Importance clinique des paramètres immunologiques dans la polyarthrite rhumatoïde.

English Abstract

Intérêt clinique de la recherche des auto-anticorps

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Don d’ovocytes :synchronisation et cycles différés: expérience de la clinique de fertilité de l’hôpital Erasme (Belgique)

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Les facteurs de transcription du groupe PEA3: Régulateurs transcriptionnels dans le processus de cancérisation

Erm, Er81, and Pea3 are the three members of the PEA3 group which belong to the Ets transcription factors family. These proteins regulate transcription of multiple target genes, such as those encoding several matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), which are enzymes degrading the extracellular matrix during cancer metastasis. In fact, PEA3-group genes are often overexpressed in different types of human cancers that also over-express these MMP and display a disseminating phenotype. In experimental models, regulation of PEA3 group member expression has been shown to influence the metastatic process, thus suggesting that these factors play a key role in metastasis. © John Libbey Eurotext.

Quel dispositif utiliser pour la consultation d’une encyclopédie en ligne ?Impact des modalités d’interaction sur la performance et les processus cognitifs

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Dépistage sérologique de la maladie coeliaque: quel test utiliser?

Editorial

Observatoire des usages étudiants universitaires d’un système éducatif de gestion intégré

Les universités recourent de plus en plus souvent à des plateformes technologiques afin d’administrer les processus éducatifs et faciliter les tâches administratives des étudiants. Cependant, ces changements sont conséquents et engendrent souvent de nombreuses difficultés d’implémentation. C’est dans ce cadre qu’un Observatoire des usages étudiants d’un système éducatif de gestion intégré a été créé. Cet observatoire a pour missions d’identifier les facteurs de satisfaction et de fournir des recommandations à l’université. Plusieurs méthodologies (groupes de discussion, tests d’utilisabilité, questionnaires) ont été utilisées. Les résultats montrent que ce sont les difficultés et insatisfactions dues au système utilisé et aux informations présentes sur ce système qui influencent négativement l’acceptabilité du système. La création d’un tel observatoire permet tout à la fois d’étudier l’acceptabilité et la satisfaction des utilisateurs, de différencier l’impact des facteurs personnels et techniques, de s’interroger sur les processus d’évaluation des outils lors de leur implémentation.

Long- incubation time- interferon-gamma release assays in response to PPD-, ESAT-6- and/or CFP-10 for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children.

Background:Diagnosis of childhood active tuberculosis (aTB) or latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (LTBI) remains a challenge, and replacement of tuberculin skin tests (TST) by commercialized interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) is not currently recommended.Methods:266 children between 1 month and 15 years of age, 214 being at risk of recent Mtb infection and 51 being included as controls, were prospectively enrolled. According results of clinical evaluation, TST, chest X-Ray and microbiology, children were classified as non-infected, LTBI or aTB. Long-incubation time PPD-, ESAT-6-, and CFP-10-IGRA were performed and evaluated for their accuracy to correctly classify the children.Results:Whereas both TST and PPD-IGRA were suboptimal to detect aTB, combining CFP-10-IGRA with TST or with PPD-IGRA allowed us to detect all the children with aTB, with 96% specificity for children who were positive for CFP-10-IGRA. Moreover, combination of CFP-10- and PPD-IGRA also detected 96% of children classified as LTBI, but a strong IFN-γ response to CFP-10 (>500 pg/ml) was highly suggestive of aTB at least among children less than 3 years old.Conclusions:Long-incubation time CFP-10- and PPD-IGRA should help the clinicians to identify quickly aTB or LTBI in young children.

Implication des lymphocytes T régulateurs dans la pathogène de la tuberculose

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Identification of CDH1 germline missense mutations associated with functional inactivation of the E-cadherin protein in young gastric cancer probands

E-cadherin is involved in the formation of cell-junctions and the maintenance of epithelial integrity. Direct evidence of E-cadherin mutations triggering tumorigenesis has come from the finding of inactivating germline mutations of the gene (CDH1) in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). We screened a series of 66 young gastric cancer probands for germline CDH1 mutations, and two novel missense alterations together with an intronic variant were identified. We then analysed the functional significance of the exonic missense variants found here as well as a third germline missense variant that we previously identified in a HGDC family. cDNAs encoding either the wild-type protein or mutant forms of E-cadherin were stably transfected into CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) E-cadherin-negative cells. Transfected cell-lines were characterized in terms of aggregation, motility and invasion. We show that a proportion of apparently sporadic early-onset diffuse gastric carcinomas are associated with germline alterations of the E-cadherin gene. We also demonstrate that a proportion of missense variants are associated with significant functional consequences, suggesting that our cell model can be used as an adjunct in deciding on the potential pathogenic role of identified E-cadherin germline alterations.

Diagnosis of tuberculosis: update of interferon gamma release tests in clinical practice

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Identification of pertussis-specific effector memory T cells in preschool children

Whooping cough remains a problem despite vaccination, and worldwide resurgence of pertussis is evident. Since cellular immunity plays a role in long-term protection against pertussis, we studied pertussis-specific T-cell responses. Around the time of the preschool acellular pertussis (aP) booster dose at 4 years of age, T-cell memory responses were compared in children who were primed during infancy with either a whole-cell pertussis (wP) or an aP vaccine. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and stimulated with pertussis vaccine antigens for 5 days. T cells were characterized by flow-based analysis of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution and CD4, CD3, CD45RA, CCR7, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression. Before the aP preschool booster vaccination, both the proliferated pertussis toxin (PT)-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell fractions (CFSE^dim) were higher in aP-than in wP-primed children. Post-booster vaccination, more pertussis-specific CD4⁺ effector memory cells (CD45RA^- CCR7^-) were induced in aP-primed children than in those primed with wP. The booster vaccination did not appear to significantly affect the T-cell memory subsets and functionality in aP-primed or wP-primed children. Although the percentages of Th1 cytokine-producing cells were alike in aP- and wP-primed children pre-booster vaccination, aP-primed children produced more Th1 cytokines due to higher numbers of proliferated pertussis-specific effector memory cells. At present, infant vaccinations with four aP vaccines in the first year of life result in pertussis-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ effector memory T-cell responses that persist in children until 4 years of age and are higher than those in wP-primed children. The booster at 4 years of age is therefore questionable; this may be postponed to 6 years of age.

Genetic deficiency of the fourth component of complement :clinical, immunological and genetical studies in a further family. IXth International Complement Workshop

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Affirmation des eurorégions en discours. Engagement dans l’apprentissage de la responsabilité

Dans cet article, nous cherchons des traces discursives de l’affirmation d’acteurs émergents en Europe et plutôt méconnus des citoyens :les eurorégions. Ces organisations européennes de coopération transfrontalière, dont la prolifération est remarquable depuis le début des années 2000, présentent la particularité d’être engagées dans un processus d’institutionnalisation inachevé et au dénouement incertain. À partir d’un corpus multilingue et multigenre, nous observons comment les eurorégions développent leurs capacités à formuler des problèmes, à s’insérer dans des processus décisionnels et à produire des solutions défendables. Les résultats textométriques combinés à l’analyse qualitative révèlent des consensus et des tensions qui accompagnent une création institutionnelle programmée par les institutions européennes et installent l’imaginaire d’un continuum territorial et temporel en Europe.