46 resultados para Task Performance and Analysis
Resumo:
In this paper we propose and analyze a novel racetrack resonator based vibration sensor for inertial grade application. The resonator is formed with an Anti Resonance Reflecting Optical Waveguide (ARROW) structure which offers the advantage of low loss and single mode propagation. The waveguide is designed to operate at 1310nm and TM mode of propagation since the Photo-elastic co-efficient is larger than TE mode in a SiO2/ Si3N4/ SiO2. The longer side of the resonator is placed over a cantilever beam with a proof mass. A single bus waveguide is coupled to the resonator structure. When the beam vibrates the resonator arm at the foot of the cantilever experiences maximum stress. Due to opto-mechanical coupling the effective refractive index of the resonator changes hence the resonance wavelength shifts. The non uniform cantilever beam has a dimension of 1.75mm X 0.45mm X 0.020mm and the proof mass has a dimension of 3mm X 3mm X 0.380mm. The proof mass lowers the natural frequency of vibration to 410Hz, hence designed for inertial navigation application. The operating band of frequency is from DC to 100Hz and acceleration of less than 1g. The resonator has a Free Spectral Range (FSR) of 893pm and produces a phase change of 22.4mrad/g.
Resumo:
An analytical investigation of the transverse shear wave mode tuning with a resonator mass (packing mass) on a Lead Zirconium Titanate (PZT) crystal bonded together with a host plate and its equivalent electric circuit parameters are presented. The energy transfer into the structure for this type of wave modes are much higher in this new design. The novelty of the approach here is the tuning of a single wave mode in the thickness direction using a resonator mass. First, a one-dimensional constitutive model assuming the strain induced only in the thickness direction is considered. As the input voltage is applied to the PZT crystal in the thickness direction, the transverse normal stress distribution induced into the plate is assumed to have parabolic distribution, which is presumed as a function of the geometries of the PZT crystal, packing mass, substrate and the wave penetration depth of the generated wave. For the PZT crystal, the harmonic wave guide solution is assumed for the mechanical displacement and electric fields, while for the packing mass, the former is solved using the boundary conditions. The electromechanical characteristics in terms of the stress transfer, mechanical impedance, electrical displacement, velocity and electric field are analyzed. The analytical solutions for the aforementioned entities are presented on the basis of varying the thickness of the PZT crystal and the packing mass. The results show that for a 25% increase in the thickness of the PZT crystal, there is ~38% decrease in the first resonant frequency, while for the same change in the thickness of the packing mass, the decrease in the resonant frequency is observed as ~35%. Most importantly the tuning of the generated wave can be accomplished with the packing mass at lower frequencies easily. To the end, an equivalent electric circuit, for tuning the transverse shear wave mode is analyzed.
Resumo:
In this paper the static noise margin for SET (single electron transistor) logic is defined and compact models for the noise margin are developed by making use of the MIB (Mahapatra-Ionescu-Banerjee) model. The variation of the noise margin with temperature and background charge is also studied. A chain of SET inverters is simulated to validate the definition of various logic levels (like VIH, VOH, etc.) and noise margin. Finally the noise immunity of SET logic is compared with current CMOS logic.
Resumo:
C~HaO 4, Mr=204.2, monoclinic, P2Jn,a=3.900(1), =37.530(6), c=6.460(1)A, fl=103.7 (1) °, V= 918.5 (5) A 3, Z = 4, D m = 1.443, D x --- 1.476 Mg m -3, Cu Ks, 2 = 1.5418 ,/k, /t = 0.86 mm -~, F(000) = 424, T= 293 K, R = 0.075 for 1019 significant reflections. Molecules pack in fl-type stacking mode which is characterized by the close packing of parallel and nearly planar reactive double bonds with a separation of 3.900/~ along the a axis.The syn head-head dimer obtained is the direct consequence of this packing arrangement. Molecular packing is stabilized by intermolecular C-H...O hydrogen bonding. Analysis of acetoxy...acetoxy interactions in the acetoxy compounds retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database reveal that the majority of them are anti-dipolar.
Resumo:
The 3' terminal 1255 nt sequence of Physalis mottle virus (PhMV) genomic RNA has been determined from a set of overlapping cDNA clones. The open reading frame (ORF) at the 3' terminus corresponds to the amino acid sequence of the coat protein (CP) determined earlier except for the absence of the dipeptide, Lys-Leu, at position 110-111. In addiition, the sequence upstream of the CP gene contains the message coding for 178 amino acid residues of the C-terminus of the putative replicase protein (RP). The sequence downstream of the CP gene contains an untranslated region whose terminal 80 nucleotides can be folded into a characteristic tRNA-like structure. A phylogenetic tree constructed after aligning separately the sequence of the CP, the replicase protein (RP) and the tRNA-like structure determined in this study with the corresponding sequences of other tymoviruses shows that PhMV wrongly named belladonna mottle virus [BDMV(I)] is a separate tymovirus and not another strain of BDMV(E) as originally envisaged. The phylogenetic tree in all the three cases is identical showing that any subset of genomic sequence of sufficient length can be used for establishing evolutionary relationships among tymoviruses.
Resumo:
A theoretical and experimental study has been carried out on the transient characteristics of a centrifugal pump during starting and stopping periods. Experiments have been conducted on a volute pump with different valve openings to study the dynamic behaviour of the pump during normal start up and stopping, when a small length of discharge pipe line is connected to discharge flange of the pump. Similar experiments have also been conducted when the test pump was part of a hydraulic system to study the system effect on the transient characteristics. Instantaneous rotational speed, flowrate, and delivery and suction pressures of the pump are recorded and it is observed in ail the tested cases that the change of pump behaviour during the transient period is quasi-steady. The dynamic characteristics of the pump have been analysed by a numerical model using the method of characteristics. The model is presented and the results are compared with the experimental data. As the model contains speed acceleration and unsteady discharge terms, the model can be applied for analyses of purely unsteady cases where the pump dynamic characteristics show considerable departure from their steady-state characteristics.
Resumo:
A 1.2 V/1.5 Ah positive-limited nickel/metal hydride cell has been studied to determine its charge-discharge characteristics at different rates in conjunction with its AC impedance data. The faradaic efficiency of the cell is found to be maximum at similar to 70% charge input. The cell has been scaled to a 6 V/1.5 Ah battery. The cycle-life data on the battery suggest that it can sustain a prolonged charge-discharge schedule with little deterioration in its performance.
Resumo:
Rathour RK, Narayanan R. Influence fields: a quantitative framework for representation and analysis of active dendrites. J Neurophysiol 107: 2313-2334, 2012. First published January 18, 2012; doi:10.1152/jn.00846.2011.-Neuronal dendrites express numerous voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs), typically with spatial gradients in their densities and properties. Dendritic VGICs, their gradients, and their plasticity endow neurons with information processing capabilities that are higher than those of neurons with passive dendrites. Despite this, frameworks that incorporate dendritic VGICs and their plasticity into neurophysiological and learning theory models have been far and few. Here, we develop a generalized quantitative framework to analyze the extent of influence of a spatially localized VGIC conductance on different physiological properties along the entire stretch of a neuron. Employing this framework, we show that the extent of influence of a VGIC conductance is largely independent of the conductance magnitude but is heavily dependent on the specific physiological property and background conductances. Morphologically, our analyses demonstrate that the influences of different VGIC conductances located on an oblique dendrite are confined within that oblique dendrite, thus providing further credence to the postulate that dendritic branches act as independent computational units. Furthermore, distinguishing between active and passive propagation of signals within a neuron, we demonstrate that the influence of a VGIC conductance is spatially confined only when propagation is active. Finally, we reconstruct functional gradients from VGIC conductance gradients using influence fields and demonstrate that the cumulative contribution of VGIC conductances in adjacent compartments plays a critical role in determining physiological properties at a given location. We suggest that our framework provides a quantitative basis for unraveling the roles of dendritic VGICs and their plasticity in neural coding, learning, and homeostasis.
Resumo:
Drought is the most crucial environmental factor that limits productivity of many crop plants. Exploring novel genes and gene combinations is of primary importance in plant drought tolerance research. Stress tolerant genotypes/species are known to express novel stress responsive genes with unique functional significance. Hence, identification and characterization of stress responsive genes from these tolerant species might be a reliable option to engineer the drought tolerance. Safflower has been found to be a relatively drought tolerant crop and thus, it has been the choice of study to characterize the genes expressed under drought stress. In the present study, we have evaluated differential drought tolerance of two cultivars of safflower namely, A1 and Nira using selective physiological marker traits and we have identified cultivar A1 as relatively drought tolerant. To identify the drought responsive genes, we have constructed a stress subtracted cDNA library from cultivar A1 following subtractive hybridization. Analysis of similar to 1,300 cDNA clones resulted in the identification of 667 unique drought responsive ESTs. Protein homology search revealed that 521 (78 %) out of 667 ESTs showed significant similarity to known sequences in the database and majority of them previously identified as drought stress-related genes and were found to be involved in a variety of cellular functions ranging from stress perception to cellular protection. Remaining 146 (22 %) ESTs were not homologous to known sequences in the database and therefore, they were considered to be unique and novel drought responsive genes of safflower. Since safflower is a stress-adapted oil-seed crop this observation has great relevance. In addition, to validate the differential expression of the identified genes, expression profiles of selected clones were analyzed using dot blot (reverse northern), and northern blot analysis. We showed that these clones were differentially expressed under different abiotic stress conditions. The implications of the analyzed genes in abiotic stress tolerance are discussed in our study.
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Clock synchronisation is an important requirement for various applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Most of the existing clock synchronisation protocols for WSNs use some hierarchical structure that introduces an extra overhead due to the dynamic nature of WSNs. Besides, it is difficult to integrate these clock synchronisation protocols with sleep scheduling scheme, which is a major technique to conserve energy. In this paper, we propose a fully distributed peer-to-peer based clock synchronisation protocol, named Distributed Clock Synchronisation Protocol (DCSP), using a novel technique of pullback for complete sensor networks. The pullback technique ensures that synchronisation phases of any pair of clocks always overlap. We have derived an exact expression for a bound on maximum synchronisation error in the DCSP protocol, and simulation study verifies that it is indeed less than the computed upper bound. Experimental study using a few TelosB motes also verifies that the pullback occurs as predicted.
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In this paper, based on the temporal and spatial locality characteristics of memory accesses in multicores, we propose a re-organization of the existing single large row buffer in a DRAM bank into multiple smaller row-buffers. The proposed configuration helps improve the row hit rates and also brings down the energy required for row-activations. The major contribution of this work is proposing such a reorganization without requiring any significant changes to the existing widely accepted DRAM specifications. Our proposed reorganization improves performance by 35.8%, 14.5% and 21.6% in quad, eight and sixteen core workloads along with a 42%, 28% and 31% reduction in DRAM energy. Additionally, we introduce a Need Based Allocation scheme for buffer management that shows additional performance improvement.
Resumo:
This paper presents a new approach for Optical Beam steering using 1-D linear arrays of curved wave guides as delay line. The basic structure for generating delay is the curved/bent waveguide and hence its Analytical modelling involves evaluation of mode profiles, propagation constants and losses become important. This was done by solving the dispersion equation of a bent waveguide with specific refractive index profiles. The phase shifts due to S-bends are obtained and results are compared with theoretical values. Simulations in 2-D are done using BPM and Matlab.