锡林郭勒草原生态系统服务价值评价

锡林郭勒草原是欧亚大陆草原区亚洲东部草原亚区保存比较完整的原生草原部分。区内生态环境类型独特，具有草原生物群落的基本特征，并能全面反映内蒙古高原典型草原生态系统的结构和生态过程。本区拥有目前我国最大的草原与草甸生态系统类型的自然保护区，在草原生物多样性的保护方面占有重要的位置和明显的国际影响。目前，草地退化导致的区域生态问题越来越突出，评价我国草地资源生态服务功能的经济价值，对于制定合理的区域生态保护和经济开发决策、保护和恢复草地生态系统具有重要意义。 针对锡林郭勒草原生态系统服务价值的评估，根据不同的退化强度对锡林郭勒草原植被类型进行定量模拟将其分为正常草地和退化草地，根据退化等级标准划分，将其分为严重退化、中度退化和轻度退化，以锡林郭勒草原有机物生产为基础，分别采用市场价值法、替代市场法和假想市场法等，估算其主要服务功能的经济价值。 本研究选取草地生态系统服务功能价值的功能指标包括食物和原材料生产、旅游和娱乐、有机物质生产、气体调节价值、水土保持、涵养水源价值、以及生物控制及其生物多样性等8类功能进行了评价，基于服务功能机制对其价值量评价方法进行了探索．并在此基础上对其生态经济价值进行了评价，得出锡林郭勒草地生态系统8类服务功能的年生态经济价值分别为元，3.4×108元、6.7×108元、15.8×108元、122.24×108元、3.9×108元107.64×108元、16×108元、36.01×108元，8类功能的总价值为311.69×108。 研究结果表明，草地生态系统除为社会提供直接产品价值外．还具有巨大的间接使用价值，而且这种价值对人类的贡献与提供产品本身同样重要。在各种服务功能中，水土保持价值最为重要;因此，加强草原生态系统环境建设对于维持区域生态安全具有重要意义。今后草地生态系统服务功能及其价值评价工作应注重加强草地生态系统服务功能机制研究。

Design and path planning for a remote-brained service robot

This paper presents a novel robot named "TUT03-A" with expert systems, speech interaction, vision systems etc. based on remote-brained approach. The robot is designed to have the brain and body separated. There is a cerebellum in the body. The brain with the expert systems is in charge of decision and the cerebellum control motion of the body. The brain-body. interface has many kinds of structure. It enables a brain to control one or more cerebellums. The brain controls all modules in the system and coordinates their work. The framework of the robot allows us to carry out different kinds of robotics research in an environment that can be shared and inherited over generations. Then we discuss the path planning method for the robot based on ant colony algorithm. The mathematical model is established and the algorithm is achieved with the Starlogo simulating environment. The simulation result shows that it has strong robustness and eligible pathfinding efficiency.

Design and path planning for a remote-brained service robot

This article introduced an effective design method of robot called remote-brain, which is made the brain and body separated. It leaves the brain in the mother environment, by which we mean the environment in which the brain's software is developed, and talks with its body by wireless links. It also presents a real robot TUT06-B based on this method which has human-machine interaction, vision systems, manipulator etc. Then it discussed the path planning method for the robot based on ant colony algorithm in details, especially the Ant-cycle model. And it also analyzed the parameter of the algorithm which can affect the convergence. Finally, it gives the program flow chat of this algorithm.

Web Services Workflows—Composition, Co-Ordination, and Transactions in Service-Oriented Computing

Web services can be seen as a newly emerging research area for Service-oriented Computing and their implementation in Service-oriented Architectures. Web services are self-contained, self-describing modular applications or components providing services. Web services may be dynamically aggregated, composed, and enacted as Web services Workflows. This requires frameworks and interaction protocols for their co-ordination and transaction support. In a Service-oriented Computing setting, transactions are more complex, involve multiple parties (roles), span many organizations, and may be long-running, consisting of a highly decentralized service partner and performed by autonomous entities. A Service-oriented Transaction Model has to provide comprehensive support for long-running propositions including negotiations, conversations, commitments, contracts, tracking, payments, and exception handling. Current transaction models and mechanisms including their protocols and primitives do not sufficiently cater for quality-aware and long running transactions comprising loosely-coupled (federated) service partners and resources. Web services transactions require co-ordination behavior provided by a traditional transaction mechanism to control the operations and outcome of an application. Furthermore, Web services transactions require the capability to handle the co-ordination of processing outcomes or results from multiple services in a more flexible manner. This requires more relaxed forms of transactions—those that do not strictly have to abide by the ACID properties—such as loosely-coupled collaboration and workflows. Furthermore, there is a need to group Web services into applications that require some form of correlation, but do not necessarily require transactional behavior. The purpose of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art review and overview of some proposed standards surrounding Web services composition, co-ordination, and transaction. In particular the Business Process Execution Language for Web services (BPEL4WS), its co-ordination, and transaction frameworks (WS-Co-ordination and WS-Transaction) are discussed.

基于BPEL的Web Service组合的数据流分析测试方法

随着Web Service组合变得越来越复杂,通过测试来保证服务质量和可靠性也变得越来越重要.将传统数据流分析方法扩展用于Web Service组合测试,提出了一种基于BPEL的Web Service组合的数据流分析测试方法.该方法基于一个测试模型:Web Service组合测试模型WSCTM,该测试模型可以捕获Web Service组合的数据流接口.采用基于服务的模型WSCTM,数据流可以从3个视点来分析:服务间、服务内和服务实现构件间.从而,Web Service组合的数据流测试可以在三层上得到实现.基于以上方法,可得到Web Service组合的定义-使用链,最终可产生满足既定测试标准以获得需求Web服务组合质量要求的测试路径.