A Nanomechanical Device Based on Light-Driven Proton Pumps

In this paper, a hybrid device based on a microcantilever interfaced with bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is constructed. The microcantilever, on which the highly oriented bR film is self-assembled, undergoes controllable and reversible bending when the light-driven proton pump protein, bR, on the microcantilever surface is activated by visible light. Several control experiments are carried out to preclude the influence of heat and photothermal effects. It is shown that the nanomechanical motion is induced by the resulting gradient of protons, which are transported from the KCl solution on the cytoplasmic side of the bR film towards the extracellular side of the bR film. Along with a simple physical interpretation, the microfabricated cantilever interfaced with the organized molecular film of bR can simulate the natural machinery in converting solar energy to mechanical energy.

Bead-probe complex capture a couple of SINE and LINE family from genomes of two closely related species of East Asian cyprinid directly using magnetic separation

Background: Short and long interspersed elements (SINEs and LINEs, respectively), two types of retroposons, are active in shaping the architecture of genomes and powerful tools for studies of phylogeny and population biology. Here we developed special protocol to apply biotin-streptavidin bead system into isolation of interspersed repeated sequences rapidly and efficiently, in which SINEs and LINEs were captured directly from digested genomic DNA by hybridization to bead-probe complex in solution instead of traditional strategy including genomic library construction and screening. Results: A new couple of SINEs and LINEs that shared an almost identical 3'tail was isolated and characterized in silver carp and bighead carp of two closely related species. These SINEs (34 members), designated HAmo SINE family, were little divergent in sequence and flanked by obvious TSD indicated that HAmo SINE was very young family. The copy numbers of this family was estimated to 2 x 10(5) and 1.7 x 10(5) per haploid genome by Real-Time qPCR, respectively. The LINEs, identified as the homologs of LINE2 in other fishes, had a conserved primary sequence and secondary structures of the 3'tail region that was almost identical to that of HAmo SINE. These evidences suggest that HAmo SINEs are active and amplified recently utilizing the enzymatic machinery for retroposition of HAmoL2 through the recognition of higher-order structures of the conserved 42-tail region. We analyzed the possible structures of HAmo SINE that lead to successful amplification in genome and then deduced that HAmo SINE, SmaI SINE and FokI SINE that were similar in sequence each other, were probably generated independently and created by LINE family within the same lineage of a LINE phylogeny in the genomes of different hosts. Conclusion: The presented results show the advantage of the novel method for retroposons isolation and a pair of young SINE family and its partner LINE family in two carp fishes, which strengthened the hypotheses containing the slippage model for initiation of reverse transcription, retropositional parasitism of SINEs on LINEs, the formation of the stem loop structure in 3'tail region of some SINEs and LINEs and the mechanism of template switching in generating new SINE family.

The cytomegalovirus promoter-driven short hairpin RNA constructs mediate effective RNA interference in zebrafish in vivo

The ability to utilize the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery for silencing target-gene expression has created a lot of excitement in the research community. In the present study, we used a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-driven DNA template approach to induce short hairpin RNA (shRNA) triggered RNAi to block exogenous Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) and endogenous No Tail (NTL) gene expressions. We constructed three plasmids, pCMV-EGFP-CMV-shGFP-SV40, pCMV-EGFP-CMV-shNTL-SV40, and pCMV-EGFP-CMV-shScrambled-SV40, each containing a CMV promoter driving an EGFP reporter cDNA and DNA coding for one shRNA under the control of another CMV promoter. The three shRNA-generating plasmids and pCMV-EGFP control plasmid were introduced into zebrafish embryos by microinjection. Samples were collected at 48 h after injection. Results were evaluated by phenotype observation and real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). The shGFP-generating plasmid significantly inhibited the EGFP expression viewed under fluorescent microscope and reduced by 70.05 +/- 1.26% of exogenous EGFP gene mRNA levels compared with controls by Q-PCR. The shRNA targeting endogenous NTL gene resulted in obvious NTL phenotype of 30 +/- 4% and decreased the level of their corresponding mRNAs up to 54.52 +/- 2.05% compared with nontargeting control shRNA. These data proved the feasibility of the CMV promoter-driven shRNA expression technique to be used to inhibit exogenous and endogenous gene expressions in zebrafish in vivo.

Knock down of gfp and no tail expression in zebrafish embryo by in vivo-transcribed short hairpin RNA with T7 plasmid system

A short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression system, based on T7 RNA polymerase (T7RP) directed transcription machinery, has been developed and used to generate a knock down effect in zebrafish embryos by targeting green fluorescent protein (gfp) and no tail (ntl) mRNA. The vector pCMVT7R harboring T7RP driven by CMV promoter was introduced into zebrafish embryos and the germline transmitted transgenic individuals were screened out for subsequent RNAi application. The shRNA transcription vectors pT7shRNA were constructed and validated by in vivo transcription assay. When pT7shGFP vector was injected into the transgenic embryos stably expressing T7RP, gfp relative expression level showed a decrease of 68% by analysis of fluorescence real time RT-PCR. As a control, injection of chemical synthesized siRNA resulted in expression level of 40% lower than the control when the injection dose was as high as 2 mu g/mu l. More importantly, injection of pT7shNTL vector in zebrafish embryos expressing T7RP led to partial absence of endogenous ntl transcripts in 30% of the injected embryos when detected by whole mount in situ hybridization. Herein, the T7 transcription system could be used to drive the expression of shRNA in zebrafish embryos and result in gene knock down effect, suggesting a potential role for its application in RNAi studies in zebrafish embryos.

Determination of dispersion and nonlinear coefficients of photonic crystal fibers by degenerated FWM method

使用四波混频测试光子晶体光纤的色散和非线性参数

A High Power Light Emitting Diode Module for Projection Display Application

Electron. Manuf. Packag. Technol. Soc. Chin. Inst. Electron.; IEEE Compon., Packag., Manuf. Technol. Soc. (IEEE-CPMT); Xidian University

automated test program generation for an industrial optimizing compiler

Association for Computing Machinery, ACM; IEEE; IEEE Computer Society; SIGSOFT

Cortactin mediated morphogenic cell movements during zebrafish (Danio rerio) gastrulation

Cell migration is essential to direct embryonic cells to specific sites at which their developmental fates are ultimately determined. However, the mechanism by which cell motility is regulated in embryonic development is largely unknown. Cortactin, a filamentous actin binding protein, is an activator of Arp2/3 complex in the nucleation of actin cytoskeleton at the cell leading edge and acts directly on the machinery of cell motility. To determine whether cortactin and Arp2/3 mediated actin assembly plays a role in the morphogenic cell movements during the early development of zebrafish, we initiated a study of cortactin expression in zebrafish embryos at gastrulating stages when massive cell migrations occur. Western blot analysis using a cortactin specific monoclonal antibody demonstrated that cortactin protein is abundantly present in embryos at the most early developmental stages. Immunostaining of whole-mounted embryo showed that cortactin immunoreactivity was associated with the embryonic shield, predominantly at the dorsal side of the embryos during gastrulation. In addition, cortactin was detected in the convergent cells of the epiblast and hypoblast, and later in the central nervous system. Immunofluorescent staining with cortactin and Arp3 antibodies also revealed that cortactin and Arp2/3 complex colocalized at the periphery and many patches associated with the cell-to-cell junction in motile embryonic cells. Therefore, our data suggest that cortactin and Arp2/3 mediated actin polymerization is implicated in the cell movement during gastrulation and perhaps the development of the central neural system as well.

Haematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein 1 (HS1) promotes actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex-mediated actin polymerization

HS1 (haematopoietic lineage cell-specific gene protein 1), a prominent substrate of intracellular protein tyrosine kinases in haematopoietic cells, is implicated in the immune response to extracellular stimuli and in cell differentiation induced by cytokines. Although HS1 contains a 37-amino acid tandem repeat motif and a C-terminal Src homology 3 domain and is closely related to the cortical-actin-associated protein cortactin, it lacks the fourth repeat that has been shown to be essential for cortactin binding to filamentous actin (F-actin). In this study, we examined the possible role of HS1 in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that HS1 co-localizes in the cytoplasm of cells with actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex, the primary component of the cellular machinery responsible for de novo actin assembly. Furthermore, recombinant HS1 binds directly to Arp2/3 complex with an equilibrium dissociation constant (K-d) of 880 nM. Although HS1 is a modest F-actin-binding protein with a Kd of 400 nM, it increases the rate of the actin assembly mediated by Arp2/3 complex, and promotes the formation of branched actin filaments induced by Arp2/3 complex and a constitutively activated peptide of N-WASP (neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein). Our data suggest that HS1, like cortactin, plays an important role in the modulation of actin assembly.

旋转机械全息序列相似性匹配故障诊断方法

针对全息诊断分辨率低影响旋转机械故障诊断质量和自动化水平的问题,将时间序列相似性匹配的基本概念和方法引入故障诊断应用中,结合全息诊断信息融合分析旋转机械振动全貌的思想,定义了全息序列及其相似性度量模型,用类时间轴上的多维序列表征转子系统振动全貌,进而利用采用近似三角不等式与B+树结合剪枝策略的全息序列相似性匹配算法实现故障诊断。实验结果表明,该方法能够实现高质量的故障自动分类识别。

基于时间序列数据挖掘的旋转机械预诊断方法研究

基于状态的维护(CBM, Condition Based Maintenance)是近年来新兴的一种设 备维护策略，它的基本理念是在机械设备需要维护的时候才对其进行维护，强调 维护要及时、准确和经济。采用这种维护策略，能够提高工业生产的安全性和可 靠性，系统地降低企业运营成本。 机械设备状态预诊断是实现CBM 的核心支撑技术，对其进行深入研究，对推 动CBM 的发展具有重要意义。但是，由于相关研究起步不久，目前预诊断技术还 未能得到很好的实现，研究人员有必要不断地尝试各种新的有效方法来更好地解 决这一问题，加快其实现方法与技术应用的成熟进程。基于此，本文从数据挖掘 的角度，探索了机械设备预诊断新的解决方法和途径，深入研究和探讨了基于时 间序列数据挖掘的旋转机械预诊断方法。本文的主要工作包括： 1. 结合CBM 的基本理念和应用实际的需求，对机械设备状态预诊断的基本 内涵进行了系统分析。将状态评估、故障预测和剩余有效使用寿命预测三个预诊 断基本功能进一步抽象，提出了包含特征提取、状态预测和模式匹配三个子问题 的预诊断一般流程模式。在详细分析机械设备状态预诊断理论方法和应用技术研 究现状的基础上，提出了预诊断技术研究的发展趋势及各子问题的研究侧重点。 并对利用时间序列数据挖掘这一理论方法解决机械设备状态预诊断问题的可行性 进行了分析。 2. 针对具有波动频繁、噪声干扰严重等特点的原始振动量时间序列无法直接 用于旋转机械性能状态分析的问题，结合全息诊断信息融合分析旋转机械振动全 貌的思想，提出了全息状态矩阵的概念并给出定义，用类时间轴上的多维序列表 征转子系统振动全貌，以实现振动量时间序列的高级表示，为后续预测与匹配分 类工作提供良好的数据源，同时增强全息诊断的信息检索和知识自动获取的能力。 3. 将旋转机械性能状态预测，归结为旋转机械设备维护应用背景下的一维数 值型时间序列预测问题来进行深入研究。针对现有预测方法长期预测能力较弱， 且自动化水平低的不足，提出了用于旋转机械性能状态预测的ARIMA 动态间隔预 测法。该方法以动态间隔获取时间序列样本建模并预测的策略，提高了ARIMA 模 型用于设备状态长期预测的准确性，并且能够实现建模与预测的自动化，满足CBM 系统的实时性要求。 4. 针对全息状态矩阵表示的旋转机械性能状态特征数据，提出了一种全息状 态矩阵相似性匹配方法。结合旋转机械预诊断领域应用的特点定义了全息状态矩 阵的相似性度量模型，基于全息状态矩阵近似距离三角不等式设计了剪枝搜索策 略，并在此基础上设计了全息状态矩阵相似性高效准确匹配算法，不需要借助专家经验和人工识别确认，在一定阈值范围内能够实现高质量的旋转机械性能状态 相似性匹配。 5. 旋转机械基本振动量特征时间序列具有海量、超高维度、短期波动频繁和 大量噪声等特征，与时间序列数据挖掘传统应用的金融商业领域数据不同，直接 采用传统方法会存在搜索速度大幅度降低的问题。针对这一问题，提出了基于随 机投影的时间序列相似性搜索方法。该方法利用近年来新兴的随机投影统计学降 维法，将原始时间序列集映射到低维空间，并利用R*树进行索引，能够在保持高 准确率的同时，实现旋转机械基本振动量特征时间序列相似性快速搜索。 6. 针对现有机械设备性能状态分类方法不考虑误分类代价的问题，提出了一 种代价敏感直推式旋转机械设备性能状态分类法。该方法将代价敏感分类和直推 式学习的基本思想和理论相结合，采用一种代价敏感的直推式分类机制，实现了 机械设备性能状态的代价敏感分类。该方法在保证较高分类准确率的基础上，明 显地降低了误分类总代价。 7. 基于CBM 的基本理念，设计了旋转机械CBM 系统的基本结构，并以本 文理论方法的研究成果为核心，详细设计了各模块的基本功能和处理逻辑，采用 VC#.net 与Matlab 混合编程的方式开发了一个面向大型旋转机械的CBM 系统原 型，以验证本文机械设备预诊断方法研究成果的可操作性和实用性，为CBM 系统 应用技术研究做出了有益的探索。

智能化工程机械发展战略研究

The intelligent level of construction machinery abroad is described in the article. In association with automation level of domestic construction machinery, developing targets are pointed out. Some plans and schemes in national technical 863 projects are introduced, which may be of reference to domestic enterprises when making developing schedule for organization.

用于AUV收放装置的变幅机构研究

这里主要介绍了变幅机构的理论分析及AUV载体的收放方法,并简要介绍了收放机构的组成情况。

空间冗余度机器人最小关节力矩的轨迹规划

许多工程机械的工作装置属于冗余度机器人的范畴 ,该类机械施工控制自动化所涉及到的轨迹规划问题 ,一直受到人们的重视·采用冗余度机器人运动学的最小关节力矩法 ,对空间4R冗余度机器人的关节轨迹的运动规划进行了分析仿真·实验表明该方法实际可行 ,运动学和动力学的工作特性良好·

锻压机导套对立柱作用反力的分析研究

讨论了锻压机工作时偏心载荷对机架下横梁和立柱应力变化的影响程度，验证了下横梁的断裂原因；详细地讨论了导套筒对立柱作用反力的影响，指出了传统液压机设计方法中假设条件的不足，为该类机械的结构设计和改进提出了新的见解。