Heat-Transfer Study of External Superheater of CFB Incinerator

The heat transfer coefficients for horizontally immersed tubes have been studied in model internally circulating fluidized bed (ICFB) and pilot ICFB incinerators. The characteristics in the ICFB were found to be significantly different from those in a bubbling bed. In ICFB, there is a flowing zone with high velocity, a heat exchange zone, and a moving zone with low velocity. The controllable heat transfer coefficients in ICFB strongly depend on the fluidized velocity in the flowing zone, and also the flow condition in the moving zone. The heat exchange process and suitable bed temperature can be well controlled according to this feature. Based on the results of experiments, a formulation for heat transfer coefficient has been developed. These results were applied to an external superheater of a CFB incinerator with a 450 degreesC steam outlet in a waste-to-energy pilot cogeneration plant of 12 MW in Jiaxing City, China.

受激发射损耗荧光显微镜的模型设计及参量优化

受激发射损耗荧光显微镜利用荧光饱和和激发态荧光受激损耗的非线性关系，通过限制损耗区域，可突破远场光学显微术的衍射极限分辨力并实现三维成像。基于对粒子速率方程组的修正，建立了描述荧光团各能级粒子数概率时间特性的模型，并定义了时间平均损耗效率判据。采用高斯函数模拟两束入射激光脉冲通过对模型的数值计算，模拟了激发脉冲的S1ED激光脉冲的光强、脉冲宽度以及两束光的延迟时间等参量与损耗效率之间的关系，并获得了各参量的最佳值，优化r损耗效率，为提高系统分辨力提供了有效的途径。

用于蓝光可录存储的无机材料研究进展

蓝光存储是信息存储领域发展的一个重要方向。用于蓝光存储的可录型光盘，由于其巨大的商业价值，将是今后研究的热点。本文总结了近几年来国内外文献报道的适用于蓝光可录存储的无机材料的最新研究成果，详细阐述了用于蓝光可录存储的无机薄膜的制备方法、无机记录材料的种类及存储原理。最后，对用于蓝光可录存储的无机材料今后的发展前景进行了展望。

一种海带渣糖化产葡萄糖工艺

本发明公开一种海带渣糖化产葡萄糖的工艺。包括以下步骤：（1）将海带渣加适量水后投入到酸预处理装置中，料液比为1:30-1：7，加入硫酸，至酸浓度为为0.5%-2.5%(w/w)，反应釜中110℃-150℃水解；（2）对步骤（1）所得的海带渣转移至200目过滤布上，用清水冲洗除去残留的硫酸至海带渣pH为中性；（3）将步骤（2）所得的中性海带渣中加入柠檬酸钠缓冲液，pH为4.0-5.8，料液比为1:40-1：8，加入纤维素酶，酶用量为4-20mg/g底物，恒温摇床中40-55℃酶解，酶解时间为24-48小时，摇床转速为120 rpm。本发明工艺简单有效，将海带加工废弃物变废为宝。

The Drosophila obscura species-group (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from Yunnan Province, Southern China

Three new and two known species of the Drosophila (Sophophora) obscura species-group are reported from Yunnan Province, southern China. The sinobscura species-subgroup is newly established by D. sinobscura, D. hubeiensis and D. luguensis sp. nov. Geographic distribution of the obscura group in and around China is discussed, and a key to 10 Chinese species of the obscura group is provided.

杜泊羊冷冻胚胎移植的影响因素

下载PDF阅读器为进一步提高杜泊羊的冻胚移植成功率,于春秋两季同期处理湖羊和小尾寒羊受体共997只(次),同期发情782只(次),发情率达78.4%,其中湖羊春秋两季平均发情率为84.6%,显著高于小尾寒羊(73.9%)(P＜0.01),秋季两品种平均发情率83.3%,显著高于春季75.8%(P＜0.01);对431只发情受体羊进行移植,总妊娠率为58.5%(252/431),产羔率为58.0%(250/431).其中湖羊为受体的春秋两季平均妊娠率62.5%,高于小尾寒羊(54.7%);秋季两品种的平均妊娠率为64.8%,显著高于春季(52.5%).囊胚移植后的平均妊娠率为61.5%,显著高于桑椹胚(41.5%),其中A级囊胚为67.4%,显著高于B级囊胚(P＜0.05)和所有桑椹胚(P＜0.01);B级囊胚显著高于B级桑椹胚(P＜0.05),B级囊胚与A级桑椹胚间及A、B级桑椹胚间均无显著差异;C级囊胚和桑椹胚均未见妊娠.此外,受体羊卵巢黄体发育状况及移植技术熟练程度对妊娠率也有显著影响.

一种简易的人艾滋病毒( HIV21) 载量测定方法的建立与初步评价

　目的:建立一种简易的HIV21 感染者和艾滋病人血浆病毒载量测定的方法。方法:构建含保守的引物SK145P SK431 扩增靶序列的重组质粒pSPgag737 ,重组质粒体外转录产物经系列稀释得到HIV21 定量测定的外参照,在同样条件下以 引物SK145PSK431 对外参照和待测样品进行RT2PCR 扩增,用电泳图谱分析系统分析经EB 染色的扩增产物电泳图谱,作出外 参照的初始加入拷贝数与光强度的标准曲线,获得相应的回归方程,进而计算出待测样品的HIV21 病毒载量。结果:重组质粒 pSPaga737 经酶切和PCR 鉴定,确认含有引物SK145PSK431 的扩增靶序列,用重组质粒体外转录,得到了1～105 copies 的10 倍系 列稀释的外参照,外参照标准曲线有较好的线性关系( r = 0196) 。该方法的测定范围为5 ×102～5 ×107 拷贝Pml 血浆。对10 个样品进行3 次重复测定,平均变异系数较小( CV = 20 %) 。结论:所建立的HTV21 病毒载量定量测定方法,操作简单,价格 便宜,特异性好,同时有较好的可重复性。

鄱阳湖南矶山自然保护区鲤、鲫的随机扩增多态DNA分析

利用RAPD(随机扩增多态)标记分析湖内鲤、鲫群体遗传多样性,从40个随机引物中各筛选出8个引物适合鲤、鲫群体RAPD扩增。在鲤群体中,共检测出60条带,其中多态性带42条,多态位点比率为70.00%;而在鲫群体中,共检测出61条带,其中多态性带40条,多态位点比率为65.57%。用POPGENE软件分析实验数据,结果显示:湖内鲤群体的遗传多样性水平(He=0.230 1,H0=0.391 0)和鲫群体的遗传多样性水平(He=0.218 6,H0=0.375 8)都较高,都有较大的遗传变异。而在鲤、鲫群体

鲤鱼不同品种(系)红血球抗原特异性的初步研究

用血球凝集和血清吸收试验的方法,对若干个鲤鱼品种及鲤鱼人工雌核发育系的红血球中的某些同种异型抗原纯合性进行了初步研究。①以抗雌核发育红鲤抗血清(abs/R)为试剂,三个雌核发育系(R_(8305),R_(8413),RMGF_1)的RBC反应值分别为1521—2360,1521—2028,853—1521,普通红鲤、镜鲤、白鲢的反应值在80—782。②abs/8305与abs/8413经靶细胞相互吸收后的残留活性显著降低(均为320),而以自鲢RBC吸收后抗血清活性不变。作者认为这部分抗原在鲤鱼种以下的品

鲢和鳙的氮平衡研究——Ⅰ.在高温季节(夏季)氮平衡几个参数的测定

高温季节,在静止吋(摄食状态)的氮代谢方程式鲢为Mg=0.054W~(0.884)(毫克-氮/小时);鳙为Mg=0.073 W~(0.782)(毫克-氮/小时);氮的运动代谢量随游泳速度(s)的增大呈指数增长。氮的收支公式鲢为0.44 C_N=0.181 W~(0.61)+24/0.75{0.054-0.021(1-e~(0.2168)}W~(0.884);鳙为0.57 C_N=1.98 W~(0.61)+24/0.75{0.075-0.033(1-e~(0.1798)}W~(0.782)。以鲢和鳙对微囊

Detection and quantitative analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in tilapia from Hawaiian waters

The purpose of this study was to investigate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) collected from the Manna stream and Ala Wai Canal of O'ahu, an island of the geographically isolated Hawaiian archipelago. Our results show that the average concentrations of PCBs varied from 51.90 to 89.42 ng g(-1) lipid weight for the sampling sites. Relative toxic potencies (RTPs) and toxic equivalencies (TEQs) were determined to be 20.38-40.60 ng TCDD g(-1) lipid weight and 2.89-4.17 ng TEQ g(-1) lipid weight by 7-ethoxy-resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity analysis and calculation of PCB concentrations based on toxic equivalency factors (TEFs), respectively. Penta-chlorinated congeners were found to be predominant, which revealed that Aroclor 1254 was a possible major source of PCBs in our fish samples. PCB 118, an indicator PCBs, constituted more than 55% and 30% of the total PCBs and TEQs, respectively. In addition, PCB 118 was found to have a linear correlation to the total PCBs (R = 0.975) and TEQs (R = 0.782). Detection of concentrated PCBs in Hawaiian waters suggests a potentially adverse impact of this pollutant on human health, as well as ecological systems, and suggests the necessity of environmental monitoring and hazard assessment of PCBs within the Hawaiian Islands. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.