Traces of nonsmooth functions on polyhedral domains

introduced in this paper are the definitions of the traces for a class of nonsmooth functions on polyhedral domains. By analyzing their properties we get the structures of these traces.

利用迹线测量晶体材料中特征面取向的EBSD方法

本工作研究了从单一投影面测量块体晶体材料内部特征面的EBSD方法。首先对样品表面进行SEM观察并采集图像,利用图像分析软件测量各迹线在样品台坐标系的取向。然后进行EBSD扫描获得迹线两侧各晶粒对应的取向,进一步利用坐标变换关系计算出晶粒内部的特征面迹线在晶格坐标中的方向指数。最后将全部测量的迹线的极点标示到反极图中,并与各低指数晶面的大圆位置进行对比,重合度最高的晶面就是特征面最可能的晶体学取向面。

Optimal feedback control of two-photon fluorescence in Coumarin 515 based on genetic algorithm

An optimal feedback control of two-photon fluorescence in the Coumarin 515 ethanol solution excited by shaping femtosecond laser pulses based on genetic algorithm is demonstrated experimentally. The two-photon fluorescence intensity can be enhanced by similar to 20%. Second harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating traces indicate that the optimal laser pulses are positive chirp, which are in favor of the effective population transfer of two-photon transitions. The dependence of the two-photon fluorescence signal on the laser pulse chirp is investigated to validate the theoretical model for the effective population transfer of two-photon transitions. The experimental results appear the potential applications in nonlinear spectroscopy and molecular physics. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

状扫描和区域搜索辨识条纹顺序的方法研究

本文提出了一种自动辨识条纹顺序的方法。它使用简化的Otsu算法获得阈值，然后在45°的范围内对干涉条纹的位置进行搜索，最后由区域搜索技术辨识不同的条纹。实验结果表明，本方法能可靠地获得近似45°到90°的干涉条纹顺序。

Laser-diode-pumped Cr4+,Nd3+: YAG with self-Q-switched laser output of 1.4 W

By use of a laser diode as a pump source, a self-Q-switched laser from a Cr,Nd:YAG crystal is demonstrated. The output Q-switched traces are very stable, the threshold pump power is 3.5 W, the pulse duration is 50 ns, and the slope efficiency is as high as 20%. In addition, the pulse width remains constant while the pulse repetition rate Varies with pump power. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 140.0140, 140.2020, 140.3380, 140.3480, 140.3540, 140.3580.

Perspectives on the origin of microfilaments, microtubules, the relevant chaperonin system and cytoskeletal motors - a commentary on the spirochaete origin of flagella

The origin of cytoskeleton and the origin of relevant intracellular transportation system are big problems for understanding the emergence of eukaryotic cells. The present article summarized relevant information of evidences and molecular traces on the origin of actin, tubulin, the chaperonin system for folding them, myosins, kinesins, axonemal dyneins and cytoplasmic dyneins. On this basis the authors proposed a series of works, which should be done in the future, and indicated the ways for reaching the targets. These targets are mainly: 1) the reconstruction of evolutionary path from MreB protein of archaeal ancestor of eukaryotic cells to typical actin; 2) the finding of the MreB or MreB-related proteins in crenarchaea and using them to examine J. A. Lake's hypothesis on the origin of eukaryote from "eocytes" (crenarchaea); 3) the examinations of the existence and distribution of cytoskeleton made of MreB-related protein within coccoid archaea, especially in amoeboid archaeon Thermoplasm acidophilum; 4) using Thermoplasma as a model of archaeal ancestor of eukaryotic cells; 5) the searching for the homolog of ancestral dynein in present-day living archaea. During the writing of this article, Margulis' famous spirochaete hypothesis on the origin of flagella and cilia was unexpectedly involved and analyzed from aspects of tubulins, dyneins and spirochaetes. Actually, spirochaete cannot be reasonably assumed as the ectosymbiotic ancestor of eukaryotic flagella and cilia, since their swing depends upon large amount of bacterial flagella beneath the flexible outer wall, but not depends upon their intracellular tubules and the assumed dyneins. In this case, if they had "evolved" into cilia and lost their bacterial flagella, they would immediately become immobile! In fact, tubulin and dynein-like proteins have not been found in any spirochaete.

Identification of native American founder mtDNAs through the analysis of complete mtDNA sequences: Some caveats

In this study, a detailed analysis of both previously published and new data was performed to determine whether complete, or almost complete, mtDNA sequences can resolve the long-debated issue of which Asian mtDNAs were founder sequences for the Native American mtDNA pool. Unfortunately, we now know that coding region data and their analysis are not without problems. To obtain and report reasonably correct sequences does not seem to be a trivial task, and to discriminate between Asian-and Native American mtDNA ancestries may be more complex than previously believed. It is essential to take into account the effects of mutational hot spots in both the control and coding regions, so that the number of apparent Native American mtDNA founder sequences is not erroneously inflated. As we report here, a careful analysis of all available data indicates that there is very little evidence that more than five founder mtDNA sequences entered Beringia before the Last Glacial Maximum and left their traces in the current Native American mtDNA pool.

Sex chromosomes in the black muntjac recapitulate incipient evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes

Background: The regular mammalian X and Y chromosomes diverged from each other at least 166 to 148 million years ago, leaving few traces of their early evolution, including degeneration of the Y chromosome and evolution of dosage compensation. Results: We

Effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation and stress on passive avoidance behavior

Previous studies have shown that several types of stress can induce memory impairment. However, the memory effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD), a stressor in itself, are unclear. We therefore compared passive avoidance behavior of rats undergoing PSD and PSD stress yoked-control (PSC) using the "reversed flowerpot method." When rats were kept isolated on a PSC platform for 24 It immediately after criterion training, retention trials showed impaired aversive memory storage. When delayed for 24 h after criterion training, PSC stress did not disrupt retention performance. In rats subjected to PSD, either immediately or 24 It after criterion training, there was no disruption of aversive memory consolidation. These results suggest that, during stress, paradoxical sleep plays a role in erasing aversive memory traces, in line with the theory that we "dream in order to forget." (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Trace theory

The concept of traces has been introduced for describing non-sequential behaviour of concurrent systems via its sequential observations. Traces represent concurrent processes in the same way as strings represent sequential ones. The theory of traces can be used as a tool for reasoning about nets and it is hoped that applying this theory one can get a calculus of the concurrent processes anologous to that available for sequential systems. The following topics will be discussed: algebraic properties of traces, trace models of some concurrency phenomena, fixed-point calculus for finding the behaviour of nets, modularity, and some applications of the presented theory.

动态需求跟踪方法及跟踪精度问题研究

在对动态需求跟踪现有研究综述的基础上,详细分析了动态需求跟踪面临的精度问题,并提出了解决方案——动态需求跟踪框架.该框架以自动化的需求跟踪为核心,组合了变更请求、影响分析、变更控制等活动,利用工作产品的特点和迭代过程中累积的变更信息来辅助建立需求跟踪关系,提高了需求跟踪关系的精度.

Layout Design and Optimization of RF Spiral Inductors on Silicon Substrate

The effects of key geometrical parameters on the performance of integrated spiral inductors are investigated with the 3D electromagnetic simulator HFSS. While varying geometrical parameters such as the number of turns （N）,the width of the metal traces （W）,the spacing between the traces （S）,and the inner diameter （ID）, changes in the performance of the inductors are analyzed in detail. The reasons for these changes in performance are presented. Simulation results indicate that the performance of an integrated spiral inductor can be improved by optimizing its layout. Some design rules are summarized.

Specific Adsorption of Trace Amounts of Calcium and Strontium by Hydrous Oxides of Iron and Aluminum1

Freshly prepared Fe and Al hydrous oxide gels and the amorphous product of heating gibbsite selectively adsorbed traces of Ca and Sr from solutions containing a large excess (∼1M) of NaNO3. The fraction of the added Ca (Sr) adsorbed depended principally on the suspension pH, the amount of solid present, and to a lesser extent on the NaNO3 concentration. Significant Ca and Sr adsorption occurred on the Fe and Al gels, and heated gibbsite, at pH values below the points of zero charge (8.1, 9.4, and 8.3±0.1, respectively), indicating specific adsorption. The pH (± 0.10) at which 50% of the Ca was adsorbed (pH50) occurred at pH 7.15 for the Fe gel (0.093M Fe), 8.35 for the Al gel (0.093M Al), and 6.70 for the heated gibbsite (0.181M Al); for Sr, the pH50 values were 7.10, 9.00, and 6.45, respectively. For the Fe gel and heated gibbsite, an empirical model based on the law of mass action described the pH dependence of adsorption reasonably well and suggested that for each Ca or Sr fraction adsorbed, approximately one proton was released. Failure of the Al gel to fit this model may have resulted from its rapid aging.