9 resultados para Microcanali, PEC

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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1.对嗜热蓝藻层理鞭枝藻(Mastigocladus laminosus)藻胆体的光谱特性和光能传递进行了研究。其完整藻胆体的吸收峰位于622 nm,室温荧光发射峰位于673 nm。在77K荧光发射光谱中,完整藻胆体的荧光峰只有一个,位于685 nm,是末端发射体1的荧光。在低浓度磷酸缓冲液中发生严重解离的藻胆体,其77K荧光发射光谱中有二个发射峰和一个发射肩。两个荧光发射峰分别位于644 nm和683 nm。前者为主峰,属于C-藻蓝蛋白的荧光,后者是次峰,属于末端发射体2的荧光。荧光发射肩位于660 nm附近,属于别藻蓝蛋白的荧光。据此,提出层理鞭枝藻藻胆体光能传递途径如下: 藻红蓝蛋白→c—藻蓝蛋白→别藻蓝蛋白→端发射体l、末端发射体2: 2.对嗜热蓝藻层理鞭枝藻藻胆体—类囊体膜的光谱特性和光能传递进行了研究。在吸收光谱中,其藻胆体——类囊体膜在可见光区域有5个峰,它们分别位于420 nm、438 nm、490 nm、624 nm和678 nm。420 nm、438 nm和678 nm为叶绿素a的吸收峰位置。490 nm是类胡罗卜素的吸收峰,624 nm是藻胆体的吸收峰。对藻胆体——类囊体膜用580 nm波长的光激发藻胆蛋白时,在室温荧光发射光谱中有一个发射峰和一个发射肩,分别位于657 nm和690 nm,前者属于藻胆蛋白的荧光,后者属于叶绿素a的荧光。这说明藻胆蛋白能将捕获的光能传递给类囊体膜上的叶绿素a。在77K荧光发射光谱中有4个峰,它们分别位于649 nm、660 nm、688 nm和730 nm。前二者属于藻胆蛋白的荧光,后二者属于叶绿素a的荧光。这同样说明藻胆蛋白能将捕获的光能传递给类囊体膜上的叶绿素a。当用436 nm波长光激发叶绿素a时,藻胆体——类囊体膜的室温荧光发射光谱中有两个荧光峰出现,位于685 nm的峰来源于光系统Ⅱ,位于713 nm的峰来源于系统I。这说明叶绿素a捕获的光能不能逆传递给藻胆体中的藻胆蛋白。在77K荧光发射光谱中也只有叶绿素a的荧光峰,位于695 nm的峰来源于光系统Ⅱ,位于730 nm的峰来源于光系统l。此结果同样说明叶绿素a捕获的光能不能逆传递给藻胆蛋白. 3.我们以多变鱼腥藻(Anabaena variabilis)为材料,对其藻胆体核心和藻蓝蛋白进行了重组实验,得到了具有光能传递效率的藻胆体核心——藻蓝蛋白复合物。在吸收光谱中,藻胆体核心有一吸收峰和一个吸收肩,分别位于654 nm和600 nm。藻蓝蛋白的吸收光谱中只有一个峰,位于620 nm.重组样品的吸收光谱有一吸收峰和一吸收肩,分别位于654 nm和620 nm.由于620 nm与654 nm的吸收比远大于核心的600 nm与654 nm的吸收比,因此,可以认为部分藻蓝蛋白已与核心重组。在室温荧光发射光谱中,藻胆体核心只有一个峰,位于676 nm。藻蓝蛋白只有一个峰,位于653 nm。重组样品有一荧光发射峰和一荧光发射肩,分别在669 nm和650 nm附近。669 nm荧光来源于核心,650 nm荧光来源于藻蓝蛋白。重组后的核心的650 nm荧光显著大于未重组的核心,这也说明部分藻蓝蛋白与核心已重组.在77K荧光发射光谱中,藻蓝蛋白只有一个峰,位于655 nm。藻胆体核心有二个峰,分别位于666 nm和686 nm。重组样品有两个荧光发射峰和一荧光发射肩,分别位于666 nm、683 nm和648 nm附近.重组的核心的别藻蓝蛋白的荧光(F666)和藻蓝蛋白的荧光(F648)都强于未重组的核心。这一结果同样说明有藻胆体——藻蓝蛋白复合物生成。 除以上研究工作之外,我们还对多变鱼腥藻藻胆体在解离过程中的光谱特性及光能传递、藻胆体——类囊体膜的光谱特性及光能传递、藻胆体解离重组、藻胆体核心在低浓度磷酸缓冲液中的光谱特性、以及温度对藻胆体核心的影响等进行了研究。研究结果有待整理。 本文编写:PBS:藻胆体;PEB:藻红胆素;PE:藻红蛋白;PUB:藻尿胆素;PEC:藻红蓝蛋白;PCB:藻蓝胆素;PC:藻蓝蛋白;PSⅡ:光系统Ⅱ;APC:别藻蓝蛋白;PS I:光系统I;TE:末端发射体

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External guide sequence (EGS) technique, a branch of ribozyme strategy, can be enticed to cleave the target mRNA by forming a tRNA-like structure. In the present study, no tail gene (ntl), a key gene participating in the formation of normal tail, was used as a target for ribonuclease (RNase) P-mediated gene disruption in zebrafish in vivo. Transient expression of pH1-m3/4 ntl-EGS or pH1-3/4 ntl-EGS produced the full no tail phenotype at long-pec stage in proportion as 24 or 35%, respectively. As is expected that the full-length ntl mRNA of embryos at 50% epiboly stage decreased relative to control when injected the embryos with 3/4 EGS or m3/4 EGS RNA. Interestingly, ntl RNA transcripts, including the cleaved by EGS and the untouched, increased. Taken together, these results indicate that EGS strategy can work in zebrafish in vivo and becomes a potential tool for degradation of targeted mRNAs.

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本工作对糠醇(FA)和FA与三-(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯(THEIC)的缩聚和磺化反应以及产物的结构和抗氧,抗氯稳定性进行了系统的研究。对FA与THEIC表面聚合制备反渗透复合膜具有十分重要的指导意义。由热分析方法研究发现,FA和FA与THEIC共缩聚反应过程在DSC谱图上有四个放热反应峰。I、II峰(50~80 ℃)为FA头-尾及头-头醚化脱水线性缩聚反应。III峰(110~130 ℃)为FA缩聚物的端羟甲基与亚甲基脱水反应。IN峰(150~190 ℃)为高温下呋喃甲醚链脱出甲醛,甲醛与亚甲基发生交联反应。催化剂用量的增加有利于羟甲基间脱水醚化反应。FA与THEIC共缩聚反应在150 ℃左右有突变,THEIC参加反应的活性增加。体系中大量硫酸存在对THEIC参加反应不利,同时引起FA缩聚物裂解反应。THEIC的加入可改善FA缩聚物的耐热氧化裂解性能。空气下使起始热失重温度提高了60 ℃;氮气下,起始热失重温度提高80 ℃。FA缩聚物的磺化反应在低温下就开始进行,140 ℃时磺化程度最高。磺化度为0.067个SO_3H/重复单元,离子交换容量(电荷密度)为0.84 meg/g酸型。FA和甲基呋喃齐聚物和其磺化后的~(13)C-NMR分析表明,磺化反应容易发生在端呋喃环与H相连的α位,β位,中间呋喃环β位也可发生磺化反应。磺化反应速度较慢,磺化程度不高。H_2SO_4与FA重量之比大于四分之一时,磺化程度基本不变,H_2SO_4量过高时对产物有裂解作用,因此选择此比例比较适宜。由液体和固体~(13)C-NMR观察到FA缩聚反应过程中,羟甲基于100 ℃基本消失,而呋喃甲醚链生成。产生交联的主要原因是甲醛与亚甲基反应进行的。甲醛也可同呋喃环端αH位和β位发生反应生成羟甲基,羟甲基可继续参加反应使缩聚物产生交联。缩聚物中有明显的端甲基酮、醛和羧酸基的生成。产生的原因如下:FA缩聚物中呋喃环间在较高温度下可发生Diels-Alder反应,裂解色谱-质谱分析检出裂解产物中有CH_3和CH_3等芳香族化合物,证实发生了Diels-Alder反应。FA和甲基呋喃齐聚物在大量硫酸作用下,室温磺化交联产物的固体~(13)C-NMR表明有呋喃环上双键打开的反应。可能为Diels-Alder反应,也可能是环双键打开交联的反应。但形成的温度和反应速度还不十分清楚。FA和FA与THEIC缩聚物经过氧化氢氧化裂解产物裂解失重较大,主链发生了断裂反应红外光谱和固体~(13)C-NMR分析表明产生了大量的酮,醛和羧酸。反应过程可能如下:FA缩聚物经游离氯作用后,有少量缩聚物被裂解掉,共缩聚物中脂肪醚被裂解,生成醇,THEIC部分被裂解掉。于是可初步确定FA缩聚物和FA与TEHIC共缩聚物链中的亚甲基和脂肪醚键是易受氧化攻击的弱点。利用表面内反射红外光谱,电子能谱和电子显微镜等对PEC-1000复合膜和试剂复合膜进行了结构与组成剖析,发现PEC-1000膜分离功能层中含有较多伯醇化合物。膜表面含有较多的O, S, N等原子,因此制复合膜的溶液中,THEIC的含量较高,膜的流动电位随压力变化的速率为-4.67mV/atm,膜功能层中含有较多的极性SO_3~-基团。

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CuInS_2、CuInSe_2等三元半导体化合物具有光电转化效率较高,稳定性好等优点,近来在光电转化方面很受重视。本文总结了CuInSe_2、CuInS_2等化合物在光电化学转化方面的大部分工作。以及概要地介绍了半导体光电化学原理。采用电流沉积和喷涂热解的方法成功地制备了CuInSe_2和CuInS_2多晶薄膜,并对它们的光电化学性能进行了较详细的研究。我们所用的电沉积溶液是1.4mM CuCl_2 + 10mM InCl_3 + 4.2mM SeO_2 + 10mM KCl (pH = 1.6~1.7),控制电位-0.8 V (v.s.SCE),在荃底钛上得到了结构为黄铜矿的CuInSe_2藻膜。将薄膜退火后与多硫溶液构成PEC,在AM1的光照条件下,得到开路光电压220mV。短路光电流~5mA cm~(-2),光电转化效率为0.23%。薄膜中Cu和In的比例由电沉积溶液的组成控制;薄膜中Cu/In < 1,则薄膜是n型光电响应,Cu/In > 1,则呈弱的P型响应。退火对薄膜的结构和光电活性影响很大,最佳的退火温度是350 ℃,用光谱响应的方法测出了CuInSe_2薄膜的禁带宽度为0.98 eV,与太阳光谱相匹配。用MoH-SchoHky方法和开路光电压与光强的关系求出了薄膜电极在多硫溶液中的平带电位,从而确定了CuInSe_2半导体的能带结构。CuInSe_2薄膜电极在多硫溶液中稳定性较好,CuInSe-多硫溶液PEC在短路状态、AM1光照强度下连续放电三小时,光电流没有变化。荃底物质和电沉积溶液对薄膜的光电活性的影响表明,CuInSe_2薄膜与荃底的接触好坏极大地影响了PEC的光电流及光电转化效率。另外,CuInSe_2薄膜电极在铁氯溶液中的光活性得到了改善,然而其稳定性却不理想。喷涂热解法制备CuInS_2新用的溶液为CuCl_2、InCl_3和硫脲的水溶液。制备的薄膜由X射线衍射分析确定其结构为闪锌矿型。在AM1光照条件下,CuInS_2-多硫溶液PEC给出开路光电压为170mV,短路光电流为3.8mA cm~(-2)。由光谱响应法测得CuInS_2薄膜的禁带宽度为1.25eV,比单晶CuInS_2的标准值1.55eV小得多。CuInS_2-多硫溶液PEC在短路状态、AM1光照强度下放电一小时,光电流下降近一半,可见,CuInS_2薄膜电极稳定性较差。

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本文分别用恒电位电沉积和恒电位脉冲电沉积技术在ITO基底上成功地沉积出表面平滑均匀、与基底附着牢固、具有一定光活性的CdS多晶薄膜。系统地考察了CdS薄膜的电性质、光性质及光电化学行为。用电沉积技术在不同基底(Ni、Ti、ITO)上成功地实现了Hg_(1-X)Cd_xTe(MCT)的三元共沉积。初步组装了P-Hg_(1-X)Cd_xTe/n-CdS异质结PV池。研究了层状结构材料n-InSe的PEC行为并考察了多种单晶材料,诸如CdS、CdTe、CdSe、InSe等的光阳极特性和界面行为。

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set of energies at different internuclear distances for the ground electronic state and two excited electronic states of NaH molecule have been calculated using valence internally contracted multireference configuration interaction(MRCI) including Davidson correction and three basis sets. Then, a potential energy curve (PEC) for each state was determined by extrapolating MRCI energies to the complete basis sets limit. Based on the PECs, accurate vibrational energy levels and rotational constants were determined. The computational PECs are were fitted to analytical potential energy functions using the Murrell-Sorbie potential function. Then, accurate spectroscopic parameters were calculated. Compared with experimental results, values obtained with the basis set extrapolation yield a potential energy curve that gives accurate vibrational energy levels, rotational constants and spectroscopic parameters for the NaH molecule. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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In an attempt to ascertain the rate-determining steps (RDS) of TiO2 photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) reaction, the PEC oxidation of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) solution in a TiO2-coated electrode reactor system was monitored by applying the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. In the meantime, an EIS mathematical model was first established to theoretically simulate the PEC reaction. Based on the EIS model, the theoretical simulation indicates three typical reactions in a PEC oxidation process, which include the charge-transfer-dominated reaction, both the charge-transfer- and adsorption-dominated reaction, and the adsorption-dominated reaction. The experimental results of EIS measurement showed that there was only one arc/semicircle on the EIS plane display when the external bias applied was below 200 mV (vs SCE) in the SSA PEC degradation whereas there were two arcs/semicircles when the externally applied bias exceeded 200 mV (vs SCE). The experimental results have a good agreement with the model simulation. The EIS method in this study provides an easier way to determine the RDS in a PEC oxidation process, which would be helpful to better control the reaction in practice.

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交联型含磺化呋喃环聚醚复合膜对无机水溶液和有机水溶液具有很好的分离功能,其中日本东丽的PEC-1000反渗透复合膜对碱金属和碱土金属离子表现出特别高的截留率,巳用于工业规模的一级海水淡化。但这类膜材料的耐氧化氯解性尚不够理想,分离海水时,体系中需加入微量NaHSO_3之类还原剂。迄今,关于由糠醇(FA)均缩聚形成交联型含磺化呋喃环缩聚物的化学稳定性的研究仅有少量报道,而对于FA与三∈2-羟乙基

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Mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) from East Pacific Rise (EPR) 13 degrees N are analysed for major and trace elements, both of which show a continuous evolving trend. Positive MgO-Al2O3 and negative MgO-Sc relationships manifest the cotectic crystallization of plagioclase and olivine, which exist with the presence of plagioclase and olivine phenocrysts and the absence of clinopyroxene phenocrysts. However, the fractionation of clinopyroxene is proven by the positive correlation of MgO and CaO. Thus, MORB samples are believed to show a "clinopyroxene paradox". The highest magnesium-bearing MORB sample E13-3B (MgO = 9.52%) is modelled for isobaric crystallization with COMAGMAT at different pressures. Observed CaO/Al2O3 ratios can be derived from E13-3B only by fractional crystallization at pressure > 4 +/- 1 kbar, which necessitates clinopyroxene crystallization and is not consistent with cotectic crystallization of olivine plus plagioclase in the magma chamber (at pressure similar to 1 kbar). The initial compositions of the melt inclusions, which could represent potential parental magmas, are reconstructed by correcting for post-entrapment crystallization (PEC). The simulated crystallization of initial melt inclusions also produce observed CaO/Al2O3 ratios only at > 4 +/- 1 kbar, in which clinopyroxene takes part in crystallization. It is suggested that MORB magmas have experienced clinopyroxene fractionation in the lower crust, in and below the Moho transition zone. The MORB magmas have experienced transition from clinopyroxene+plagioclase+olivine crystallization at > 4 +/- 1 kbar to mainly olivine+plagioclase crystallization at < 1 kbar, which contributes to the explanation of the "clinopyroxene paradox".