50 resultados para Geulinex, Arnold, 1624-1669.
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
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利用双流体连续介质模型建立了高速掺气水流基本方程,通过量级分析等方法研究了高速掺气水流的压缩性准则。在定常均质掺气水流中,绝热Mach数M决定着压缩性效应的强弱: M< 0.3时流动可视为不可压的,否则需要考虑压缩性效应。
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The ordinary differential magnetic field line equations are solved numerically; the tokamak magnetic structure is studied on Hefei Tokamak-7 Upgrade (HT-7U) when the equilibrium field with a monotonic q-profile is perturbed by a helical magnetic field. We find that a single mode (m, n) helical perturbation can cause the formation of islands on rational surfaces with q = m/n and q = (m +/- 1, +/- 2, +/- 3,...)/n due to the toroidicity and plasma shape (i.e. elongation and triangularity), while there are many undestroyed magnetic surfaces called Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) barriers on irrational surfaces. The islands on the same rational surface do not have the same size. When the ratio between the perturbing magnetic field B-r(r) and the toroidal magnetic field amplitude B(phi)0 is large enough, the magnetic island chains on different rational surfaces will overlap and chaotic orbits appear in the overlapping area, and the magnetic field becomes stochastic. It is remarkable that the stochastic layer appears first in the plasma edge region.
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A new 2-D quality-guided phase-unwrapping algorithm, based on the placement of the branch cuts, is presented. Its framework consists of branch cut placing guided by an original quality map and reliability ordering performed on a final quality map. To improve the noise immunity of the new algorithm, a new quality map, which is used as the original quality map to guide the placement of the branch cuts, is proposed. After a complete description of the algorithm and the quality map, several wrapped images are used to examine the effectiveness of the algorithm. Computer simulation and experimental results make it clear that the proposed algorithm works effectively even when a wrapped phase map contains error sources, such as phase discontinuities, noise, and undersampling. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
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异叶苣苔属(Whytockia)隶属于苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)、尖舌苣苔族(Klugieae).70年代以来,该属作为Klugieae中最原始的类群才逐渐被人们所认识,并被认为是解决Klugieae系统发育问题的关键类群,但到目前为止,对该属变异式样及系统发育的认识仍然极其有限.鉴于上述原因,本文结合蜡叶标本和大量的野外观察和采集,从形态学、维管束的结构和分化,形态发生和细胞学等方面,进行异叶苣苔属的系统学和进化研究,并兼论尖舌苣苔族的系统发育. 1.通过对异叶苣苔属大量性状的仔细观察和比较,本文选择了34个性状,并分析了他们的变异式样及其形成原因,为进一步的系统学研究提供依据. 2.地上茎的形态发生研究揭示出异叶苣苔属植物的顶芽完全受到抑制,位于小型叶腋的侧芽萌发,从而替代顶芽生长,地上茎的不分枝是位于大型叶腋的腋芽受到抑制所致,该研究纠正了前人的观察错误. 3.花序及花的形态发生过程表明,异叶苣苔属的花序呈对花从花序轴内侧二列式连续发生,没有任何分枝和附属物.花各部分的发生顺序基本上呈向心式,但在花冠和雄蕊原基之间则为离心式发生.花萼和花冠原基的发生及发育顺序均呈下降式,从而使花萼和花冠在芽中呈下降覆瓦状排列,退化雄蕊是由发育停滞所致.雌蕊的两个心皮在形态发生过程中由离生到合生,该属具中轴胎座的二室子房起源于两个离生心皮的近轴面内卷式愈合,柱头从离生到合生决定于个体发育中愈合部向上推进的程度. 4.为了澄清性状演化极性这一关键问题、本文作了花部器官解剖以及心皮维管束结构及分化过程的研究,结果表明,该属花梗和花萼中均具有分泌道和雄蕊束从中柱独立分出,同独叶苣苔属(Monophyllaea)十分相似:花盘低且薄并且没有维管束,以及子房壁维管束具有不同来源而区别于尖舌苣苔族(Klugieae)中的其它类群.异叶苣苔属的心皮结合程度和胎座形态可分为三种类型,即A型:心皮结合部的中轴区膨大,但四个瓣片的上部分离、B型:除中轴区膨大外,四个瓣片也成对愈合,胎座呈锚形、C型:中轴区不膨大,四个瓣片完全分离,子房上部一室.前者保留了较多的叶性,可能是该属乃至尖舌苣苔族中最原始心皮及胎座形态.后二者代表着两个相反的演化趋势. 5.本文首次报道了异叶苣苔属的染色体数目和核型,染色体数目均为2n=18,x=9.核型分别是2A或3A.核型的演化趋势,即从对称到不对称和随体的丢失同外部形态的变异密切相关。 6.深入地比较和分析了异叶苣苔属和其他类群的关系以及性状的演化趋势,并运用分支分析方法,重建属的系统发育. 7.生态、地理分布和演化的研究表明:异叶苣苔属的多样化中心分别是云南东南部和滇、贵、川交界区域,起源于第三纪或更早期的古热带湿润性森林植物区系,起源地可能是两个现代多样化中心所连接的整个区域,即:滇东南至滇贵川交界区域. 8.本文对异叶苣苔属进行全面的分类学修订,包括7个种,其中一个新种,新组合1个种和一个变种、根据该属的系统发育式样,在属下新设两个组.系统排列如下: 异叶苣苔属Whytockia W. W. Smith 组1:异叶苣苔组Sect. Whytockia Y. Z. Wang sect. nov. 1.河口异叶苣苔W. hekouensis Y. Z. Wang 2.毕节异叶苣苔W. bijieensis Y. Z. Wang, sp. nov. 3.异叶苣苔W. chiritiflora (Oliv.) W.W. Smith 4.峨眉异叶苣苔W. wilsonii (A. Weber) Y. Z. Wang, stat. nov. 5.紫红异叶苣苔W. purpurascens Y. Z. Wang 组2:台湾异叶苣苔组Sect. Synstigma Y. Z. Wang, sect. nov. 6.白花异叶苣苔W. tsiangiana (Hand.-Mazz) A. Weber 7.台湾异叶苣苔W. sasakii (Hayata)B.L.Burtt. 9.在异叶苣苔属系统学和进化研究的基础上,结合前人工作,本文进一步探讨尖舌苣苔族的系统发育.大量的证据充分显示出异叶苣苔属和圆果苣苔属分别是Klugieae最原始的类群,该族中的尖舌苣苔属(Rhynchoglossum),盾座苣苔属(Epithema)和独叶苣苔属(Mono phyllaea),可能是从Whytockia植物的早期类群直接演化而来,十字苣苔属(Stauranthera)和Loxonia也可能直接或间接来自Gyrogyne植物的早期类群.尖舌苣苔族植物可能起源于亚洲大陆或更准确地说,中国西南部地区,在随后的演化过程中,经过分化、迁移,逐渐形成广布于南亚、东南亚及太平洋岛屿至西非、中美洲的现代地理分布式样。
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The tumor suppressor p53 is a master sensor of stress. Two human-specific polymorphisms, p53 codon 72 and MDM2 SNP309, influence the activities of p53. There is a tight association between cold winter temperature and p53 Arg72 and between low UV intensity
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Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise for treating immune disorders because of their immunoregulatory capacity, but the mechanism remains controversial. As we show here, the mechanism of MSC-mediated immunosuppression varies
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为了探讨表皮生长因子与男性精子发生的关系, 采用放射免疫学方法对正常男性精浆中表皮生长因子 (EGF) 含量进行测定, 结果二组之间EGF 含量经t′检验差异有显著性( P < 0105) , 提示EGF 可能参与了男性生殖 系统中精子发生的调控。
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比较了云南高黎贡山地区的贡山独龙江和腾冲大蒿坪白颌大角蟾(Megophryslateralis)两个地理种群的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs结果表明,两个地理种群在核型和带型上都有差异两个地理种群的核型均为2n=26,NF=52染色体形态差异不明显,而次缢痕的位置完全不同,贡山独龙江标本的次缢痕位于No.2的长臂上近着丝点处,腾冲标本的次缢痕位于No.5的短臂上近着丝点的部位在腾冲标本中发现一雄性个体中有一条额外的染色体,可能是B染色体两地标本的C-带差异不太显著,贡山独龙江标本的C-带相对较为显著.贡山独龙江标本的Ag-NORs位于No.2长臂近着丝点处,与次缢痕的部位对应,两条同源染色体上大小有显著差异.腾冲标本的Ag-NORs位于No.5短臂上近着丝点处,与次缢痕的部位对应依据核型和带型的比较,对白颌大角蟾的分类和进化问题进行了讨论。