应变异质结外延材料的缓冲层厚度与Frank-Read源的关系研究

基于能量最小近似模型,研究了应变异质结外延材料中,产生Frank-Read源以释放失配应力所需GeSi合金缓冲层的厚度。对Ge_xSi_(1-x)/Si进行了具体计算,其结果表明:产生Frank-Read源时缓冲层厚度要比临界厚度大得多,L_(min)=1300A是钉扎点间的最小距离。计算结果与LeGoues等的实验结果相符。就作者所知,计算产生Frank-Read源时GeSi合金缓冲层厚度的工作,以前未见报道。

液体金属吸附促进位错发射的分子动力学研究

结果表明，Al吸附Ga后可使发现位错的临界应力强度因子从K_(Ie)=0.5MPam~(1/2)降为K_(Ie)(L)=0.4Mpam~(1/2)；对Cu则从K_(Ie)=0.55MPam~(1/2)降为K_(Ie)(L)=0.45MPam~(1/2)，即Ga吸附后能促进位错的发现。另外，吸附Ga之后裂尖前方容易产生空位团及Frank位错。

Vacancy clusters in ultrafine grained Al by severe plastic deformation

Bulk nanostructured metals are often formed via severe plastic deformation (SPD). The dislocations generated during SPD evolve into boundaries to decompose the grains. Vacancies are also produced in large numbers during SPD, but have received much less attention. Using transmission electron microscopy, here we demonstrate a high density of unusually large vacancy Frank loops in SPD-processed Al. They are shown to impede moving dislocations and should be a contributor to strength. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics.

郭永怀先生诞辰九十周年纪念文集

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Electron injection by a nanowire in the bubble regime

The triggering of wave-breaking in a three-dimensional laser plasma wake (bubble) is investigated. The Coulomb potential from a nanowire is used to disturb the wake field to initialize the wave-breaking. The electron acceleration becomes more stable and the laser power needed for self-trapping is lowered. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations were performed. Electrons with a charge of about 100 pC can be accelerated stably to energy about 170 MeV with a laser energy of 460 mJ. The first step towards tailoring the electron beam properties such as the energy, energy spread, and charge is discussed. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics.

Phylogenomic study of the subfamily Caprinae by cross-species chromosome painting with Chinese muntjac paints

Chromosomal homologies have been established between the Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi, MRE, 2n = 46) and five ovine species: wild goat (Capra aegagrus, CAE, 2n = 60), argall (Ovis ammon, OAM, 2n = 56), snow sheep (Ovis nivicola, ONI, 2n = 52), red goral (Naemorhedus cranbrooki, NCR, 2n = 56) and Sumatra serow (Capricornis sumatraensis, CSU, 2n = 48) by chromosome painting with a set of chromosome-specific probes of the Chinese muntjac. In total, twenty-two Chinese muntjac autosomal painting probes detected thirty-five homologous segments in the genome of each species. The chromosome X probe hybridized to the whole X chromosomes of all ovine species while the chromosome Y probe gave no signal. Our results demonstrate that almost all homologous segments defined by comparative painting show a high degree of conservation in G-banding patterns and that each speciation event is accompanied by specific chromosomal rearrangements. The combined analysis of our results and previous cytogenetic and molecular systematic results enables us to map the chromosomal rearrangements onto a phylogenetic tree, thus providing new insights into the karyotypic evolution of these species.

贵州四个山羊品种mtDNA多态性及起源分化

采用15种限制性内切酶,研究贵州省4个山羊(capra sp.)品种共93只个体的线粒体DNA多态性。其中BamHI、HindIII和SalI3种酶的酶切类型存在多态。共检测到18种限制性态型,归结为3种mtDNA单倍型。单倍型I和II在贵州山羊4个品种中分布频率较高,分别为77.42%和21.50%,单倍型III分布频率较低(1.08%);品种间亲缘关系聚类分析表明白山羊和黑山羊亲缘关系最近,其次为黔北麻羊,而与小香羊的亲缘关系最远。

固氮蓝藻培养和应用的结果与展望

<正> 固氮蓝藻是一类低等原核植物。它能进行固氮作用,固定空气中分子态氮成为氮素化合物;又能进行光合作用,将二氧化碳变为碳素化合物并放出氧气,为自身的固氮提供能源和还原剂。由于具有以上功能,它们适应性很强往往是贫瘠土壤的先驱植物,因此,很早就引起了人们的重视。早在1889年Frank首先发现生长着蓝藻的土壤在光照下,氮化合物的含量有所增加;1901年Beijerinck发现在仅有一点土壤的缺氮水中的小链鱼腥藻

Changing planar thin film growth into self-assembled island formation by adjusting experimental conditions

Illustrated in this paper are two examples of altering planar growth into self-assembled island formation by adapting experimental conditions. Partial oxidation, undersaturated solution and high temperature change Frank-Van der Merwe (FM) growth of Al0.3Ga0.7As in liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) into isolated island deposition. Low growth speed, high temperature and in situ annealing in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) cause the origination of InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) to happen while the film is still below critical thickness in Stranski-Krastanow (SK) mode. Sample morphologies are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is suggested that such achievements are of value not only to fundamental researches but also to spheres of device applications as well. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.