6 resultados para DPD

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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Wettability alternation phenomena is considered one of the most important enhanced oil recovery (EOR) mechanisms in the chemical flooding process and induced by the adsorption of surfactant on the rock surface. These phenomena are studied by a mesoscopic method named as dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). Both the alteration phenomena of water-wet to oil-wet and that of oil-wet to water-wet are simulated based on reasonable definition of interaction parameters between beads. The wetting hysteresis phenomenon and the process of oil-drops detachment from rock surfaces with different wettability are simulated by adding long-range external forces on the fluid particles. The simulation results show that, the oil drop is liable to spread on the oil-wetting surface and move in the form of liquid film flow, whereas it is likely to move as a whole on the water-wetting surface. There are the same phenomena occuring in wettability-alternated cases. The results also show that DPD method provides a feasible approach to the problems of seepage flow with physicochemical phenomena and can be used to study the mechanism of EOR of chemical flooding.

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A monolithic silicon CMOS optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) was designed and fabricated with standard 0.6 mu m CMOS technology. This OEIC circuit consisted of an integrated double photodiode detector (DPD) and a preamplifier. The DPD detector exhibited high bandwidth by screening the bulk-generated diffusion carriers and suppressing the slow diffusion tail effect. The preamplifier exploited the regulated cascode (RGC) configuration as the input stage of receiver, thus isolating the influence of photodiode capacitance and input parasitic capacitance on bandwidth. Testing results showed that the bandwidth of OEIC was 700MHz, indicating the bit rate of 1Gb/s was achieved.

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胶体体系是自然界很重要的组成部分,广泛应用于工业生产和日常生活中。胶体体系在固化的过程中,会形成有序的晶体结构或无序的玻璃态结构。对胶体的结晶和玻璃化的认识对研究相变理论,纳米材料以及自组装有着重要的意义。事实上,在这一领域存在着许多悬而未决的问题。另一方面,胶体的分离也是胶体科学研究中不可或缺的步骤。特别是近年来微流器件技术的进步为流体动力学色谱分离方法带来了进一步发展的机会,这为胶体的分离提供了非常有效的实验手段。然而,由于实际应用过程的复杂性,理论方法还不足以深入探讨胶体粒子体系固化和分离的本质。作为一种可以直接反映物理过程的研究方法,计算机模拟成为一种有效的研究胶体粒子固化和分离的手段。 硬球模型是一种最简单的胶体粒子体系,能够很好地描述具有体积排斥作用的胶体粒子的行为,因此,对于胶体粒子体系固化问题,我们采用分子动力学方法研究了硬球粒子体系的固化过程。此外,对于胶体和高分子体系的分离过程,我们主要采用耗散分子动力学(dissipative particle dynamics DPD)进行研究。论文的主要内容包括: 1)采用硬球分子动力学模型,研究了胶体颗粒在不同的压缩速率下得到的堆积态的结构异质性。我们应用Lubachevsky-Stillinger方法,在不同的压缩速率下得到了一系列的结构受限的硬球堆积状态。这些体系的有序度随着压缩速率的减小而增加,而体系的密度则是先增加后减小又增加,在中间压缩速率时出现最小值。通过测量体系中的局域序参量分布,粒子位置的均方根涨落分布和直接观察受限粒子的位置,发现这些状态中包含有无规区域和结晶区域,存在显著的结构异质性。特别的是低密度状态中许多小的有序区域互相连接成贯穿体系的逾渗网络,说明晶区之间的结构不匹配是生成这些状态的重要机理。 2)用DPD方法模拟了线性高分子链和星形高分子链在穿越纳米孔道的输运过程。对复合管道中小管的半径分别为2.5 和2.0 的两种情况进行了研究。在各种情况下我们都发现了存在一个临界流量Jc,只有当流量大于Jc的时候高分子才能进入纳米孔洞。对于线性高分子,长链的高分子进入同样粗细的小管所需要的临界流量比短链大。线性链和星形链在半径是2.0小管子中的临界流量比通过半径2.5的管子的临界流量大,或者近似相同。在半径2.5的小管中,星形高分子的临界流量要大于同等尺寸的线性高分子。此外,我们没有观察到不同接枝数的星形高分子的临界流量之间的差异。出现这种情况的原因可能是DPD模型中粒子间的相互作用势能很软,所以不能很好地体现出不同接枝数的星形高分子在位阻上的差异。 3)我们利用DPD方法模拟了圆柱形管道中线性高分子链的输运过程。比较了模拟得到的高分子保留时间和DG理论预测值之间的差异。发现分子量越大的高分子对DG理论的偏离越显著。计算了高分子链在流动过程中伸长的情况,发现了链的伸长率S与Weissenberg number 有着明确的标度关系。与狭缝中的情况类似,对于圆柱型管道中流动的线性高分子,如果采用修饰过的Peclet number,则能够更好地满足Aris-Taylor分散的标度关系。 4)我们建立了纳米粒子在DPD模拟的动力学模型,研究了在本体溶液中纳米粒子的自扩散系数和速度关联函数对与胶体粒子的半径定性关系。发现纳米粒子的扩散系数随粒子半径的增加而减小。纳米粒子的半径越大,其速度关联函数的衰减越慢,同样大小纳米粒子的质量越大,其速度关联函数衰减得越慢。我们进一步模拟了在狭缝中纳米粒子的输运过程。通过观察流体受限方向的流速曲线,我们发现由于与器壁之间的体积排斥作用,使得纳米粒子远离流体的边界。对Aris-Taylor分散的研究结果表明,在λ不大的时候,应用不同的Peclet numbers 对分散方程结果的影响不大。

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A monolithic photoreceiver which consists of a double photodiode (DPD) detector and a regulated cascade(RGC) transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is designed. The small signal circuit model of DPD is given and the band width design method of a monolithic photoreceiver is presented. An important factor which limits the bandwidth of DPD detector and the photoreceiver is presented and analyzed in detail. A monolithic photoreceiver with 1.71GHz bandwidth and 49dB transimpedance gain is designed and simulated by applying a low-cost 0. 6um CMOS process and the test result is given.

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耗散粒子动力学(dissipative particle dynamics,DPD)作为一种介观尺度拉格朗日型粒子方法,已经成功地应用于微纳米流动和生化科技的研究中. 复杂固体壁面的处理和壁面边界条件的实施一直是DPD方法发展及应用的一个障碍. 提出了处理复杂固体壁面的一种新的方法. 复杂固体区域通过冻结随机分布并且达到平衡状态的DPD粒子代表;所冻结的DPD粒子位于临近流动区域的一个截距内;在靠近固体壁面的流动区域中设置流动反弹层,当流动DPD粒子进入此流动层后反弹回流动区域. 应用这种固体壁面处理方法.