扩展CSS仿真程序及其应用

本文介绍了一个连续-离散复合仿真程序。该程序的连续部分基本取自美国的 CSS 程序。经作者扩充后成为复合仿真程序。扩充的模块包括采样系统仿真模块、两点边值问题求解以及参量最优化等。作者提出的单纯形搜索法改进策略可以显著加快参量最优化过程的收敛速度。

The Kiloparsec-scale structure of 3C 286

We present radio images of the compact steep spectrum (CSS) quasar 3C 286 acquired with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 8.4 and 22.5 GHz. The source exhibits a two-sided core-jet structure with a bright central component and two extended components one to the east (P.A. 100degrees) and another to the southwest (P.A. -116degrees). From the compact core, an extension runs towards the southwest component up to similar to 0.7 arcsecond. The emission between the primary central component and the southwest component exhibits a knotty structure. A gradual change of the jet position angles from -135degrees to -120degrees in the inner southwest jet suggests a local bend. The position angle changes of the major eastern components E2 and E1 suggest that the eastern jet likely follows a curved trace. The bends in the jet trace may be associated with a relativistic precession or some interaction between the jet and the ambient matter. A mean spectral index of alpha(8.4)(22.5) similar to -0.76 (S-nu proportional to nu(alpha)) is estimated for the core component. Steep spectra are also obtained for the extended southwest component (2.6", P.A. -116degrees) and eastern component (0.8", P.A. 100degrees), with alpha(8.4)(22.5) similar to -0.88 and alpha(8.4)(22.5) similar to -1.79, respectively. The radio morphologies and spectral index distributions suggest that the core seen in our images is likely to be the beamed inner jet while the real nucleus is dimmed by it beaming away from us.

高性能树脂环状预聚体和含官能团芳香环状低聚物的合成与表征

芳香环状低聚物的合成是应现代航天、航空、电子、机械等高技术领域对先进复合材料的需求而在八十年代末期发展起来的研究领域，其特有的结构和性能决定了芳香环状低聚物的广泛应用前景。芳香环状低聚物不仅在开环聚合制备先进树脂基复合材料方面具有重要的应用价值，而且在其侧链上引入各种官能团，开展其在功能材料方面的研究也具有十分重要的意义。本文以开拓这类新型芳香大环化合物的应用为目的，“假高稀”条件下，合成了22种新型结构的芳香大环化合物，并对它们进行了精确的结构表征。本文从开环聚合制备高性能树脂的思想出发，以6氟双酚A为单体合成了一系列的含氟聚芳醚环状预聚体，环状低聚物的产率达到74%，并在1 wt%的联苯二酚钾的引发下，进行快速地熔融开环聚合，得到了重均分子量约为6万，分子量分布约为2.6的线性含氟聚芳醚；本文设计了酮亚胺路线合成得到了聚醚醚酮(PEEK)环状预聚体。开创了由AA，BB型单体一步法合成PEEK环状中间体的新方法，这种合成方法具有反应时间短，所得环状低聚物的环尺寸较小，环张力较大，易于进行开环聚合的特点。PEEK环状预聚体成功地进行了阴离子开环聚合得到高分子量的线性聚合物，这一新方法的开拓将把PEEK在先进复合材料领域的实际应用向前推进一步。建立了一套先进的分析芳香环状低聚物的方法，结合质谱、核磁、GPC、单晶X．射线衍射和DSC等手段表征了各种环状低聚物并揭示了环状低聚物的组成。本文着重研究了激光质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)和电喷雾质谱(ESI MS)在芳香环状低聚物分析中的应用，特别在基质的选择上，经对比研究表明1,8,9-葸三酚是分析芳香环状低聚物的最为有效的基质，并已广泛地应用在我们的研究工作中，同时还发现了一种适用于芳香环状聚酯分析的新型基质，α-氰基-4-羟基肉桂酸。用软硬酸碱理论解释了芳香环状低聚物与不同阳离子的亲合选择性。本文首次运用电喷雾质谱来分析芳香环状低聚物，证明电喷雾质谱与激光质谱有明显的互补性，是继激光质谱之后新发现的表征芳香大环化合物的有效手段，特别适用于含极性基团的芳香大环化合物的表征，进一步完善了芳香大环化合物的表征体系。自从美国G.E.公司利用环状聚碳酸酯的开环聚合制备线性聚碳酸酯以来，大多数芳香环状低聚物的开环聚合是经阴离子途径进行的，聚合后部分引发剂的端基残存于聚合产物中，常用的阴离子引发剂含有无机盐和酚氧碱金属离子，这些基团的存在将对聚合物的加工和性能带来一定的影响，因而探索其它的开环聚合途径具有重要意义。本文在“假高稀”条件下，高选择性地合成CSA、CSK和CSS三种含硫醚键的芳香环状低聚物，通过四圆衍射首次对含硫醚键芳香环状二聚体的晶体结构进行了研究，结果表明这些含硫醚键的芳香环状低聚物为缺乏环张力的大环。自由基聚合反应是重要的聚合方法之一，本文通过CSA和CSK环状低聚物的开环聚合深入、细致地研究了通过硫醚交换反应进行的自由基开环聚合，并利用顺磁共振波谱证实了其自由基开环聚合的性质。本文合成了一系列含溴、硝基、羧基及磺酸钠基团的芳香环状低聚物，以期开拓非开环聚合用的芳香大环化合物的研究领域。另外在芳香环状聚醚的合成新方法上做出了创新性的工作，首次通过界面缩聚方法高产率地合成了含硝基的芳香环状聚醚砜，并对芳香大环化合物的化学反应，修饰改性及功能化研究进行了探索。

Online study of the formation of PA6 droplets in PP matrix under shear flow

Breakup process of polyamide 6 (PA6) in polypropylene (PP) matrix under shear flow was online studied by using a Linkam CSS 450 stage equipped with optical microscopy. Both tip streaming and fracture breakup modes of PA6 droplets were observed in this study. It was reported that the droplet would break up by tip streaming model when the radio of the droplet phase viscosity to the matrix phase viscosity (n(r) = n(d)/n(m)) is smaller than 0.1 (Taylor, Proc R Soc London A 1934, 146, 501; Grace, Chem Eng Commun 1982, 14, 225; Bartok and Mason, J Colloid Sci 1959, 14, 13; Rumscheidt and Mason, J Colloid Sci 1961, 16, 238; de Bruijn, Chem Eng Sci 1993, 48, 277). However, the tip streaming model was observed even when the viscosity ratio was much greater than 0.1 (n(r) = 1.9). In this study for the tip streaming mode, small droplets were ruptured from the tip of the mother droplet. On the other hand, the mother droplet was broken into two or more daughter droplets with one or several satellite droplets between them for the fracture mode. It was found that PA6 droplet was much elongated at first, and then broke up via tip streaming or fracture to form daughter droplets or small satellite droplets with the shape of fiber or ellipse.

含硫、磷壳聚糖新衍生物的制备、结构与抑菌活性关系研究

由于化学农药和抗生素兽药残留问题严重影响着环境和人类健康，生物农药和兽药的开发迫在眉睫。壳聚糖无毒、无污染、可生物降解，已经成为这一方向研究热点。但是，目前对壳聚糖抑菌活性的研究大都集中于分子量和脱乙酰度对其活性的影响，而对壳聚糖衍生物的研究相对较少。本文制备了壳聚糖磺酰胺类、酰基异硫氰酸酯类和α-氨基烷基膦酸酯类共计40余种新型壳聚糖含硫、磷衍生物，研究了它们对6种真菌（棉花枯萎病菌、番茄早疫病菌、葡萄炭疽病菌、姜叶斑点病菌、黄瓜灰霉病菌、芦笋茎枯病）和4种细菌（大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、八叠球菌）的抑菌活性，结果发现，所有衍生物的抑菌活性均强于壳聚糖原料，其中4种新型衍生物对于真菌具有较强抑制活性，其抑制率大于或接近阳性对照武夷菌素；10余种衍生物对于细菌有较强的杀菌、抑菌活性，如4-HBSA(l)CMCS、4-HBSA(l)CSS等对四种细菌具有广谱性，效果接近甚至强于阳性对照诺氟沙星。 对影响因素、构效关系和机理进行了深入探讨。衍生物的分子量、浓度、溶解性、α-位C原子空间位阻、吸电子空间诱导效应、烷基链的增长、等因素变化均会对抑菌活性产生重大影响。

Antimicrobial activity of hydroxylbenzenesulfonailides derivatives of chitosan, chitosan sulfates and carboxymethyl chitosan

Chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan (CIVICS) and chitosan sulfates (CSS) with different molecular weight were modified by reacting with 4-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfo-chloride or 2-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3 -benzene-disulfo-chloride to give 12 kinds of new hydroxylbenzenesulfonailides derivatives of them. The preparation conditions of the derivatives were discussed in this paper, and their structures were characterized by FT-IR and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The solubility of the derivatives was measured in the experiment. In addition, their antimicrobial activities against four bacteria and five crop-threatening pathogenic fungi were tested in the experiment. Besides, the rule and mechanism of their antibacterial activities were discussed in this paper. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Synthesis and antifungal properties of sulfanilamide derivatives of chitosan

Sulfanilamide derivatives of chitosan (2-(4-acetamido-2-sulfanimide)-chitosan (HSACS, LSACS), 2-(4-acetamido-2-sulfanimide)-6-sulfo-chitosan (HSACSS, LSACSS) and 2-(4-acetamido-2-sulfanimide)-6-carboxymethyl-chitosan (HSACMCS, LSACMCS)) were prepared using different molecular weights of chitosan (CS), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and chitosan sulfates (CSS) reacted with 4-acetamidobenzene sulfonyl chloride in dimethylsulfoxide solution. The structures of the derivatives were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, which showed that the substitution degree of sulfanilamide group of HSACS, HSACSS, HSACMCS, LSACS, LSACSS and LSACMCS were 0.623, 0.492, 0.515, 0.576, 0.463 and 0.477, respectively. The solubility of the derivatives (pH < 7.5) was higher than that of chitosan (pH < 6.5). The antifungal activities of the derivatives against Aiternaria solani and Phomopsis asparagi were evaluated based on the method of Jasso et al. in the experiment. The results indicated that all the prepared sulfanilamide derivatives had a significant inhibiting effect on the investigated fungi in the polymer concentration range from 50 to 500 mu g mL(-1). The antifungal activities of the derivatives increased with increasing the molecular weight, concentration or the substitution degree. The sulfanilamide derivatives of CS, CMCS and CSS show stronger antifungal activities than CS, CMCS and CSS. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The preparation and antioxidant activity of the sulfanilamide derivatives of chitosan and chitosan sulfates

Chitosan (CS) and chitosan sulfates (CSS) with different molecular weight (Mw) were reacted with 4-acetamidobenzene sulfonyl chloride to obtain sulfanilamide derivatives of chitosan and chitosan sulfates (LSACS, HSACS, LSACSS, HSACSS). The preparation conditions such as different reaction time, temperature, solvent, and the molar ratio of reaction materials are discussed in this paper. Their structures were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The antioxidant activities of the derivatives were investigated employing various established in vitro systems, such as hydroxyl-radical (OH) superoxide anion (O-2(center dot-)) scavenging and reducing power. All kinds of the compounds (HCS, LCS, HCSS, LCSS, HSACS, LSACS, HSACSS, LSACSS) showed stronger scavenging activity on hydroxyl radical than ascorbic acid (Vc). The inhibitory activities of the derivatives toward superoxide radical by the PMS-NADH system were obvious. The experiment showed that the superoxide radical scavenging effect of sulfanilamide derivatives of chitosan and chitosan sulfates was stronger than that of original CS and CSS. All of the derivatives were efficient in the reducing power. The results indicated that the sulfanilamide group were grafted on CS and CSS increased the reducing power of them obviously. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.