Influence of Electrostatic Interaction on Fibrinogen Adsorption on Gold Studied by Imaging Ellipsometry Combined with Electrochemical Methods

Imaging ellipsometry was combined with electrochemical methods for studying electrostatic interactions of protein and solid surfaces. The potential of zero charge for gold-coated silicon wafer/solution interfaces wad determined by AC impedance method. The potential of the gold-coated silicon wafer was controlled at the potential of zero charge, and the adsorption of fibrinogen on the potential-controlled and non-controlled surfaces was measured in real time at the same time by imaging ellipsometry The effect of electrostatic interaction was studied by comparing the difference between the potential of controlled adsorption and the Potential of noncontrolled adsorption. It was shown that the rate of fibrinogen adsorption on the potentiostatic surface was faster than that on the nonpotentiostatic surface. The electrostatic influence on fibrinogen adsorption on the gold-coated silicon wafer was weak, so the hydrophobic interaction should be the major affinity.

Nonuniformity Effect of Surface-Nanocrystalline Materials in Nanoindentation Test

In the present research, microstructures of the surface-nanocrystalline Al alloy material are observed and measured based on the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique, and the corresponding mechanical behaviors are investigated experimentally and theoretically. In the experimental research, the nanoindentation test method is used, and the load and microhardness curves are measured, which strongly depend on the grain size and grain size nonuniformity. Two kinds of the nanoindentation test methods are adopted: the randomly selected loading point method and the continuous stiffness method. In the theoretical modeling, based on the microstructure characteristics of the surface-nanocrystalline Al alloy material, a dislocation pile-up model considering the grain size effect and based on the Mott theory is presented and used. The hardness-indent depth curves are predicted and modeled.

第四届世界生物力学大会简介

"第四届世界生物力学大会"(4~(th)World Congress on Biomechanics)于2002年8月3~11日在加拿大卡尔加里(Calgary,Canada)召开．会议主办单位为卡尔加里大学，参会人数约1 600人．参加会议的主要国家包括：美、英、德、日、加、意、法、中国和中国香港等50余国家和地区．会议交流的论文篇数约为1680篇(含口头报告及墙展)．中国中科院力学所、中日友好医院、四川大学、重庆大学等6位学者参加了本次会议．所发表的工作分别涉及细胞与分子生物力学、假肢生物力学、白细胞力学-生物学耦合、血流动力学等方面，其研究工作在整体上符合当前本领域的发展方向，有的工作具有国际竞争性，会议的反响是肯定的．作者在"分子与细胞生物力学"(Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics)分会上做了口头报告和墙报展讲．

Fuzzy inferring mathematical morphology and optical implementation

Fuzzification is introduced into gray-scale mathematical morphology by using two-input one-output fuzzy rule-based inference systems. The fuzzy inferring dilation or erosion is defined from the approximate reasoning of the two consequences of a dilation or an erosion and an extended rank-order operation. The fuzzy inference systems with numbers of rules and fuzzy membership functions are further reduced to a simple fuzzy system formulated by only an exponential two-input one-output function. Such a one-function fuzzy inference system is able to approach complex fuzzy inference systems by using two specified parameters within it-a proportion to characterize the fuzzy degree and an exponent to depict the nonlinearity in the inferring. The proposed fuzzy inferring morphological operators tend to keep the object details comparable to the structuring element and to smooth the conventional morphological operations. Based on digital area coding of a gray-scale image, incoherently optical correlation for neighboring connection, and optical thresholding for rank-order operations, a fuzzy inference system can be realized optically in parallel. (C) 1996 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Enlarging the depth of focus by filtering in the phase-space domain

The ambiguity function was employed as a merit function to design an optical system with a high depth of focus. The ambiguity function with the desired enlarged-depth-of-focus characteristics was obtained by using a properly designed joint filter to modify the ambiguity function of the original pupil in the phase-space domain. From the viewpoint of the filter theory, we roughly propose that the constraints of the spatial filters that are used to enlarge the focal depth must be satisfied. These constraints coincide with those that appeared in the previous literature on this topic. Following our design procedure, several sets of apodizers were synthesized, and their performances in the defocused imagery were compared with each other and with other previous designs. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America.

一种闭环控制的光纤光栅动态色散补偿仪

利用啁啾光纤光栅的应变调谐特性，将色散补偿的啁啾光纤光栅斜贴于悬臂梁的侧面，通过应力实现啁啾量调整而改变其色散补偿量的大小，同时利用固定在同一悬臂梁的均匀布拉格光栅传感器，实现了闭环自动控制色散补偿量，研制出了一种新型的光纤光栅动态色散补偿仪。该色散补偿仪工作在1550nm波段，典型性能数据为：色散动态补偿范围-1000-1680ps／nm，插入损耗小于1．5dB，动态调谐步进响应时间小于50ms，基本上能满足10Gb／s光纤通信系统中色散动态补偿的要求。

基于奇异值分解的数字波前拟合算法

提出了基于奇异值分解、采用泽尼克多项式拟合干涉波前的算法，该算法直接从线性方程组入手，对矩阵进行奇异值分解分解，在求解逆矩阵的过程中，采用阈值法对奇异值的倒数进行非常规的置换（∞→0），可直接得到系数向量。理论分析和实验证明，相对于传统的格拉姆-施密特正交法，该算法可首先通过求解条件数判断线性方程矩阵是否奇异，对于解决病态方程组或奇异矩阵的最小二乘问题，有很好的稳定性，避免了由最小二乘构造的法方程组出现病态而引入的计算误差，且易于编程。

部分端面抽运板条激光器腔镜倾斜问题研究

部分端面抽运的板条激光器是一种新型固体激光器．配合混合腔可以实现在大功率下保持高光束质量的激光振荡输出。谐振腔的腔镜倾斜是影响激光器输出特性的重要因素，快速傅里叶方法是一种快捷有效的计算方法，利用此方法模拟了腔镜倾斜对近场相位分布和远场光强分布的影响，并分析了光束质量的变化。理论分析表明，腔镜的小角度倾斜对近场相位影响较大，但对远场光强空间分布影响不大；随着倾斜角度不断增大，远场发散角和光束腰宽度也增大，光束质量虽然存在恶化的趋势，但光束质量因子肝值仍然较小，离轴非稳腔仍能保持高光束质量的输出。

铬过渡层对银膜光学性质及附着力的影响

研究了在玻璃基底上采用不同厚度的铬膜作过渡层，对银膜的光学性质及其附着力的影响。光谱测量结果表明，随着铬膜层厚度的增加，银膜的反射率先增大后减小。与直接镀在玻璃基底上的银膜的反射率相比，铬膜层厚度为8～14nm时，银膜的反射率较低；铬膜层厚度为17～21nm时，银膜的反射率得到提高，其中铬膜厚度为17nm时，银膜的反射率最高；继续增加铬膜层的厚度，银膜的反射率又降低，说明采用一定厚度的铬膜作过渡层可以提高银膜的反射率。X射线衍射（XRD）结构分析表明，一定厚度的铬膜改善了银膜的结晶程度，使薄膜的晶粒度增大

贵州绵羊线粒体DNA (m tDNA ) 多态性研究

采用15 种限制性内切酶对贵州威宁绵羊和六盘水绵羊各5 只个体的m tD2 NA 多态性进行研究。其中只有BamHÉ 一种酶的酶切类型表现多态, 产生三种酶切 类型。共得到17 种限制性态型, 可归结为三种m tDNA 单倍型, 在威宁绵羊中单倍 型É 所占比较较大(80% ) , 单倍型Ë 只占20% , 而在六盘水绵羊中则单倍型É 和Ê 所占比例相当; 根据单倍型在群体中的分布和单倍型间遗传距离, 推测贵州绵羊的 m tDNA 单倍型É 和Ê 可能代表两个母系祖先的基本单倍型, 其分化时间约有16～ 32 万年之久, 单倍型Ë 则可能是由单倍型É 随机突变而来; 两个地方绵羊群体间的 分化时间大约为613～ 1216 万年, 群体间的m tDNA 遗传多态度较低, 但六盘水绵羊 群体内遗传多态度比威宁绵羊较丰富。

抗胸腺细胞抗体对中华鳖免疫系统的影响

国家自然科学基金(No.30070588;No.30371091)

厚颌鲂人工繁殖初报及胚胎发育观察

从长江支流泸州龙溪河收集野生厚颌鲂 ,直接或经驯养后进行人工繁殖 ,并对胚胎发育过程进行了描述 ,旨在为厚颌鲂资源的增殖与开发提供参考。 3次未催产的人工授精实验 1次成功 ,受精率 12 0 % ;16次催产试验共注射了 32尾雌鱼 ,平均催产率 6 2 5 % ;12次有效催产的平均受精率 6 2 1% ,孵化率 4 4 7%。每千克鱼注射 3mgPG +3ugLRH A2 ,可以获得较好的催产效果。胚胎发育过程可分为 18个时期 ,温度对发育进程具有显著的影响。

藻类蛋白生产基地的平菇高产轮作研究

<正> 迄今尚未见将藻类生产与食用菌生产结合研究的报导。1983年以来,我们在研究发展藻类生物技术,进行藻类蛋白工厂化生产试验的同时,利用生产藻类蛋白的塑料大棚冬闲时间生产食用菌,连续五年获得平菇大面积高产丰收,取得显著效益。1987年平菇培养面积1680平方米,产菇42.1吨,产值5.31万元。同时,我们还发现藻类提取物与菌块提取物在分别促进菌、藻生长中的一些生物学作用。这里,将大棚生产平菇阶段的结果报导如下。材料与方法生产基地位于湖北省黄梅县境内,地处长江中游江汉平原东部。采用菌株系由平菇(Pleur