60 resultados para Anglesola, Gertrudis, 1641-1727-Exequias

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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讨论火炮发射时炮弹炸药装药的发射起爆概率、寻找制订炮弹炸药装药质量限定条件的方法。

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介绍一种新型的测量不规则截面渠道的水流量超声波测量的原理与系统设计,重点研究了测量方法及系统的软/硬件设计.

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<正> 世界上第一座采油平台建造于1947年,在美国的墨西哥湾,水深只有六公尺。25年来海上平台的建设得到了迅猛的发展,当前世界上已经建成了近一万座,水深也不断增加,突破了三百公尺大关。随着水深的增加,动力分析的重要性越来越突出了。平台承受的最主要的波浪载荷通常在5—15秒周期范围内为高能带,三百公尺水深的钢导管架(图1)平台的自然周期在5秒附近,正好靠近这个范围,因而造成动力放大。低于三百公尺的平台,只要它的自然周期离5秒不太远,也会有一定的动力放大,而每年数百万次的循环应力就会造成结构局部疲劳,土壤在长期循环应力作用下也有疲劳问题,会发生刚度退化导致平台的自然周期向波谱高能带漂移,使动响应进一步放大,造成恶性循环。所以平台结构动力分析的目

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本文对杉科植物的分类系统作了回顾。以形态学为依据,参考其他学科的研究成果,用分支分析和表征分析两种方法探讨了杉科植物的系统演化关系.提出了新的分类系统。对杉科植物的系统分类作了修订.通过对各属现代分布和地史分布的研究,结合古地理和古气候资料,讨论了杉科植物的分布中心、起源时间、起源地、散布途径及现代分布格局的成因.主要结论如下: 1.属间关系:柳杉属是现存杉科植物中最原始的类群.水松属和落羽杉属关系密切,二者与柳杉属近缘.巨杉属和北美红杉属关系密切,是中级进化水平的类群.水杉属的系统位置比较孤立,与巨杉属和北美红杉属的关缘关系相对较近.杉木属、密叶杉属和台湾杉属关系密切,是杉科植物中的高级进化类群,其中台湾杉属最为进化. 2.系统排列:支持金松科的成立.将杉科分成5族,即柳杉族(仅含柳杉属)、落羽杉族(含水松属、落羽杉属)、北美红杉族(含巨杉属、北美红杉属)、水杉族(仅含水杉属)和杉木族(含杉木属、密叶杉属及台湾杉属). 3.分类:经修订,杉科植物共9属12种4变种.将德昌杉木、米德杉木和厚皮杉木归并,作为杉木的变种,支持柳杉作为日本柳杉的变种、台湾杉木作为杉木的变种、秃杉和台湾杉归并的观点。 4.地理分布:我国长江、秦岭以南至华南一带是杉科的现代分布中心,我国华北北部及东北、朝鲜、日本和前苏联西伯利亚东南部等地可能为起源中心和早期分化中心,起源时间可追溯至早侏罗纪或晚三叠纪.杉科的现存各属均为古老的孑遗类群.

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本文重点分析了黄华属植物的形态变异,并结合微形态、植物地理及分子生物学的证据,对全世界黄华属植物首次进行了全面的分类学修订,承认全世界黄华属植物共5组、21种、6变种。对Czefranova (1954,1958,1970,1976)的分类系统/2亚属、4组、38种,及其他学者描述的种进行了修正。对7个种进行了归并处理:确认了3个种的分类学地位;新组合了两个变种;建立了1个新组。 考证了属的正确模式及一些种的合法学名。长期被误用的本属模式 Thermopsis lanceolata R.Br. (1811)实际上是根据Sophora lupinoides L.(1973)同 模式(轮生花)建立的一个多余名,这个命名法上的异名应当被废弃而代之以T. lupinoides (L.) Link (1821)。而长期被误用的东北亚互生花黄华的正确名称应当是T. fabacea (Pall.) DC. (1825). 本文首次较全面的研究了黄华属植物的地理学。黄华属基本上为东亚-北美间断分布属。东亚地区是黄华属植物的现代分布及分化中心。伊朗-土兰地区及落基山地区是次生分布和次生演化中心,该属的多倍性现象也出现在这二地区,而且自此二地区曾经描述了许多新分类群,同时也被归并了很多,然而,最近的分子生物学证据又揭示,在这些地区曾被归并的一些分类群应是不同的实体,这似乎也在提醒分类学家,对这些物种分化较活跃的区域进行分类处理时,无论是描述新分类群,抑还归并或新组合旧分类群都应持谨慎态度。 据黄华属植物的现代地理分布、形态演化趋势、现有的化石及地质历史资料推测,黄华属植物在中新世之前早已存在,并且很可能在早第三纪或晚白垩纪,起源于劳亚古陆上一个含羽扇豆生物碱的古槐成员。两大陆分离后,在不同的促进种化因子的影响下,形成了各自的演化格局。根据黄华属植物的系统演化趋势、原始类群的分布式样及特有现象分析,东亚地区的中国,日本亚区和北美的阿把拉契亚省可能是可能是本属现存植物的原始类型保存中心。

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野大豆群体3和群体4属盐渍群体,其个体有的是抗盐的,有的是敏感的,有的是中等抗盐的,本文通过随机扩增多态性DNA (RAPD)和DNA扩增指纹(DAF)分析野大豆群体抗盐性与分子标记之间的关系,从而更好地研究野大豆群体的盐适应机理。通过12个RAPD引物和3个DAF引物扩增发现:引物OPF05,OPF19和OPH02的扩增产物中有与抗盐性可能相关的特异标记,分别是OPF05_(213);OPF19_(4361);OPF19_(1727);OPF19_(1400);OPF19_(700);OPH02_(1350)。这些特异标记在所研究的抗盐植株中都存在;在敏感型植株中都不存在;在中等抗盐植株中有的存在,有的不存在。以上表明野大豆群体的抗盐性与RAPD分子标记有一定的相关性。为进一步研究抗盐性的特异标记,本文对栽培大豆抗盐品种Morgan和文丰七号的特异DAF标记片断8-27_(240) (Zhong et al., 1997)进行了克隆测序,测序结果通过BLASTn程序与基因库中的基因序列进行同源比较,发现上的DNA序列中的19组(每组大约二十到三十个碱基)序列与基因库中的其它基因相应序列有很高的同源性,几乎全部100%同源。尤其目的序列第15个碱基到第33个碱基(共19个碱基)之间的序列与基因库中的25个基因的相应序列的同源性全部是100%,并且与之相比的基因大多来自动物和人。因而推测其有可能是保守区,而不是编码区。进一步用DNASIS软件分析其碱基组成(A/T含量是64.9%,G/C含量是35.1%)并进行翻译,结果同样表明此序列可能是一调控序列并非编码区。至于这段序列是否与抗盐紧密相关,这有待于以后把此序列转到敏感型植株中然后检测其抗性来验证。 本文还通过RAPD分析野大豆群体3和群体4的多态性,发现群体3的多态性明显高于群体4。野大豆群体3的抗盐性大于群体4早已通过生理指标的鉴定,至于多态性与抗盐性之间是否有必然联系,还需进一步研究讨论。利用RAPD数据,通过MEGA软件中的NJ计算遗传距离的方法对群体3和4进行聚类分析,研究野大豆群体间及群体内个体间的亲缘及进化关系,探讨野大豆群体盐适应机理的分子起源。

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视觉对于生物进化有重要意义,生物可以调整它们的视觉系统以应付它们所处的特定的光环境.认识和了解生物视觉系统感知的分子机制尤为重要,视蛋白基因氨基酸序列(基因型)和色素吸收光谱值λmax(表型)之间的关联使视蛋白基因成为研究视觉进化的一个很好的模式系统.研究表明,视蛋白基因以及视锥色素在哺乳动物进化中表现出显著的多样性,视觉感知的分子机制远比人们以前所认知的更为复杂和扑朔迷离.本文将评述近年来哺乳动物重要类群中视觉系统视蛋白基因进化研究进展,为进一步深入研究哺乳动物视觉感知的分子机制提供基础资料.

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应用数量化理论 、聚类分析和逐步判别分析法将二代林网林分受光肩星天牛、木蠹蛾和枝梢害虫危害各分为 4类 (即林分抗虫性分类 ) ,并建立了相应类别的判别函数 ,经检验所分类别和所建判别函数均达到显著水平。综合分析得出 :类别的前 2类为相应害虫的抗性林分 ;抗虫林分是指在三类害虫危害分类时均被分在前两类中的林分 ,也是二代林网进一步发展所应采取的林分配制形式 ;林分结构合理化是害虫不成灾最有效的手段之一 ;新建林网有效控制了光肩星天牛的发生 ;各类防护林以城市林网的综合抗虫性最强 ;二代林网中对各害虫都具有较高抗性林分的比例为 2 0 % ;光肩星天牛、木蠹蛾、枝梢害虫的倾性林分在林网中所占比例分别为 1 5 %、1 2 %、8%。

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Loaches of the genus Niwaella, family Cobitidae, are distributed only in East Asia. At present only in Japan and South Korea have fishes of the genus Niwaella been found. Herein we revise the genus Niwaella in China. Son and He ( 2001) transferred the species Cobitis laterimaculata to the genus Niwaella, but their specimens were not N. laterimaculata, but a new species, N. longibarba sp. n., collected from Cao'ejiang River, Huangzezhen, Chengxian County, Zhejiang Province. The new species is distinguished from N. laterimaculata by its colour pattern of a row of slightly large, and long, scattered dark brown vertical bars on the dorsolateral surface, two or three striations on the caudal fin, and long barbels and undeveloped mental lobes. In this paper we also describe another new species, N. xinjiangensis sp. n., collected from Xinjiang River, Guangfeng County, Jiangxi Province, May 1990, with diagnostic colour pattern of 17 - 20 large and long, dark brown vertical bars on the dorsolateral surface, a dark stripe or rounded black spots along the lateral midline and some blotches below the lateral midline; it is a large-sized species, with shorter barbels, and longer caudal peduncle. Thus five species of the genus Niwaella are known, three are endemic to eastern China and two are endemic to either Japan or South Korea.

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Recently, sonar signals and other sounds produced by cetaceans have been used for acoustic detection of individuals and groups in the wild. However, the detection probability ascertained by concomitant visual survey has not been demonstrated extensively. The finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) have narrow band and high-frequency sonar signals, which are distinctive from background noises. Underwater sound monitoring with hydrophones (B&K8103) placed along the sides of a research vessel, concurrent with visual observations was conducted in the Yangtze River from Wuhan to Poyang Lake in 1998 in China. The peak to peak detection threshold was set at 133 dB re 1 mu Pa. With this threshold level, porpoises could be detected reliably within 300 m of the hydrophone. In a total of 774-km cruise, 588 finless porpoises were sighted by visual observation and 44 864 ultrasonic pulses were recorded by the acoustical observation system. The acoustic monitoring system could detect the presence of the finless porpoises 82% of the time. A false alarm in the system occurred with a frequency of 0.9%. The high-frequency acoustical observation is suggested as an effective method for field surveys of small cetaceans, which produce high-frequency sonar signals. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America.

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We propose an innovative technique, making use of the In segregation effect, referred as the N irradiation method, to enhance In-N bonding and extend the emission wavelength of GaInNAs quantum wells (QWs). After the formation of a complete In floating layer, the growth is interrupted and N irradiation is initiated. The majority of N atoms are forced to bond with In atoms and their incorporation is regulated independently by the N exposure time and the As pressure. The effect of the N exposure time and As pressure on the N incorporation and the optical quality of GaInNAs QWs were investigated. Anomalous photoluminescence (PL) wavelength red shifts after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) were observed in the N-irradiated samples, whereas a normal GaInNAs sample revealed a blue shift. This method provides an alternative way to extend the emission wavelength of GaInNAs QWs with decent optical quality. We demonstrate light emission at 1546 nm from an 11-nm-thick QW, using this method and the PL intensity is similar to that of a 7-nm-thick GaInNAs QW grown at a reduced rate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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A rearrangeable nonblocking 4 x 4 thermooptic silicon-on-insulator waveguide switch matrix at 1.55-mu m integrated spot size converters is designed and fabricated for the first time. The insertion losses and polarization-dependent losses of the four channels are less than 10 and 0.8 dB, respectively. The extinction ratios are larger than 20 dB. The response times are 4.6 mu s for rising edge and 1.9 mu s for failing edge.