氯对硅中4d过渡杂质的钝化

于2010-11-23批量导入

GaAs中4d过渡杂质Mo与Pd的光电行为

4d过渡杂质Mo、Pd在GaAs中分别引入E（0．42eV）、H（0．61eV）和E（0．66eV）、H（0．69eV）等能级。根据过渡杂质Mo和Pd在GaAs中的光电行为, 推测这些杂质在GaAs中不起有效复合中心的作用。图4参3

Theoretical study of the 4d photoabsorption of the Cs+ ion

Calculations of the 4d absolute photoabsorption cross sections of the Xe-like Cs+ ion covering the energy region from 80 to 190 eV have been performed by using the multi-configuration Dirac-Fock method. The calculated cross sections are compared with the absolute experimental photoabsorption cross-section spectrum (Kjeldsen et al 2002 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 35 2845) and other available theoretical results. In the 80-90 eV region, the discrete structure resulting from photoexcitation of a 4d electron into nf and np orbits are successfully identified. Above the 4d threshold, i.e. in the 90-190 eV energy region, a reasonable agreement between experiment and computations is found for the intense 4d -> epsilon f shape resonance.

Chemical Bonding and Electronic Structure of 4d-Metal Monosulfides

Bond distances, vibrational frequencies, dissociation energies, electron affinities, ionization potentials and dipole moments of the title molecules in neutral and charged ions were studied by use of density functional method. Ground states for each molecule were assigned. The calculated bond distance decreases with the increasing of atomic number of 4d metals, reaches minimum at RhS, then increases. For cationic molecules, the calculated bond distance decreases to the minimum at MoS+, then increases. The calculated vibrational frequency decreases from YS(YS+) to PdS(PdS+) for both neutral and cationic molecules. The bond ionic character decreases from YS(YS+) to PdS(PdS+) for neutral and cationic molecules. The bonding patterns are discussed and compared with the available studies.

Electronic structures and chemical bonding in 4d transition metal monohalides

Bond distances, vibrational frequencies, dipole moments, dissociation energies, electron affinities, and ionization potentials of NIX (XM = Y-Cd, X = F, Cl, Br, I) molecules in neutral, positively, and negatively charged ions were studied by density functional method, B3LYP. The bonding patterns were analyzed and compared with both the available data and across the series. It was found that besides ionic component, covalent bonds are formed between the 4d transition metal s, d orbitals, and the p orbital of halogen. For both neutral and charged molecules, the fluorides have the shortest bond distance, iodides the longest. Although the opposite situation is observed for vibrational frequency, that is, fluorides have the largest value, iodides the smallest. For neutral and anionic species, the dissociation energy tends to decrease with the increasing atomic number from Y to Cd, suggesting the decreasing or weakening of the bond strength. For cationic species, the trend is observed from Y to Ag.

Electronic structures of 4d transition metal monoxides by density functional theory

Bond distances, dissociation energies, ionization potentials and electron affinities of 4d transition metal monoxides from YO to CdO and their positive and negative ions were studied by use of density functional methods B3LYP, BLYP, B3PW91, BPW91, B3P86, BP86, SVWN, MPW1PW91 and PBE1PBE. It was found that calculated properties are highly dependent on the functionals employed, especially for dissociation energy. For most neutral species, pure density functionals BLYP, BPW91 and BP86 have good performance in predicting dissociation energy than hybrid density functionals B3LYP, B3PW91 and B3P86. In addition, BLYP gives the largest bond distance compared with other density functional methods, while SVWN gives shortest bond distance, largest dissociation energy and electron affinity. For the ground state, the spin multiplicity of the charged species can be obtained by +/- 1 of their corresponding neutral species.

Electronic structures and chemical bonding in transition metal monosilicides MSi (M=3d, 4d, 5d elements)

Bond distances, vibrational frequencies, electron affinities, ionization potentials, dissociation energies, and dipole moments of the title molecules in neutral, positively, and negatively charged ions were studied using the density functional method. Ground state was assigned for each species. The bonding patterns were analyzed and compared with both the available data and across the series. It was found that besides an ionic component, covalent bonds are formed between the metal s, d orbitals and the silicon 3p orbital. The covalent character increases from ScSi (YSi) to NiSi (PdSi) for 3d (4d) metal monosilicides, then decreases. For 5d metal monosilicides, the covalent character increases from LaSi to OsSi, then decreases. For the dissociation of cations, the dissociation channel depends on the magnitude of the ionization potential between metal and silicon. If the ionization potential of the metal is smaller than that of silicon, channel MSi+-> M++Si is favored. Otherwise, MSi+-> M+Si+ will be favored. A similar behavior was observed for anions, in which the dissociation channel depends on the magnitude of electron affinity.

Electron affinities and ionization potentials of 4d and 5d transition metal atoms by CCSD(T), MP2 and density functional theory

The electron affinities and ionization potentials of 4d and 5d transition metal atoms were studied by CCSD(T), MP2 and density functional methods. The calculated results indicate that density functional method B3LYP has the best overall performance in predicting both electron affinity and ionization potential. SVWN gives largest IP and EA for 4d and 5d atoms. For the two basis sets used in this study, LANL2DZ and SDD, the performance of B3LYP/SDD combination is better than B3LYP/LANL2DZ, in particular for electron affinity calculation.

Chemical bonding and electronic structure of 4d-metal monocarbides

Bond distances, vibrational frequencies, dissociation energies, electron affinities, ionization potentials and dipole moments of the title molecules in neutral and charged ions were studied by use of density functional method. Ground states for each molecule were assigned. For neutral and cationic molecules, the bond distance decreases from YC (YC+) to RhC (RhC+), then increases, while for anionic molecules, the bond distance decreases from YC- to RuC-, then increases. Opposite trend was observed for vibrational frequency. The bond ionic character decreases from ZrC to PdC for neutral molecules. The bonding patterns are discussed and compared with the available studies.

铈的卤氧化合物的ESCA表征Ⅰ.Ce3d、4d峰及其伴峰

为进一步研究配合物在双烯烃催化聚合反应体系中的作用，我们用XPS研究了一些铈的化合物，为探讨铈配合物的电子结构积累必要数据。对于某些简单的铈化合物，已有一些作者研究，对于Ce3d的伴峰指定是Shake-up过程，还是Shake-downw伴峰说法不一。我们通过系统研究，对于Ce3d区域的峰提出一些看法。

Properties of high k gate dielectric gadolinium oxide deposited on Si(100) by dual ion beam deposition (DIBD)

Gadolinium oxide thin films have been prepared on silicon (100) substrates with a low-energy dual ion-beam epitaxial technique. Substrate temperature was an important factor to affect the crystal structures and textures in an ion energy range of 100-500 eV. The films had a monoclinic Gd2O3 structure with preferred orientation ((4) over bar 02) at low substrate temperatures. When the substrate temperature was increased, the orientation turned to (202), and finally, the cubic structure appeared at the substrate temperature of 700 degreesC, which disagreed with the previous report because of the ion energy. The AES studies found that Gadolinium oxide shared Gd2O3 structures, although there were a lot of oxygen deficiencies in the films, and the XPS results confirmed this. AFM was also used to investigate the surface images of the samples. Finally, the electrical properties were presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

重庆地区滑坡与降雨关系的概率分析

详细分析了重庆地区几十年内的577个滑坡的降雨与滑坡的历史资料，并对重庆地区的水文地质条件作了较为详细的介绍，然后从滑坡的时间分布、滑坡与日降雨量及暴雨的关系、滑坡与降雨发生时间的比较、滑坡发生的前10d内有降雨的天数与连续降雨的天数的比较等方面详细研究了降雨与滑坡的关系，得出了几个有益的结论。研究结果表明：滑坡的活动强度与雨量的大小成正比，滑坡基本发生在降雨之后的4d内：暴雨与滑坡的关系很密切，降暴雨的当天发生滑坡的可能性很大；当选取3mm作为降雨开始入渗的界限时，如果连续3d有降雨那么滑坡发生的可能性相对来说会很大。

DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRICAL METHODS IN THE STUDY OF OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION (SCALAR THEORY) .2. TIME-DEPENDENT TRANSMISSION THEORY

By generalization of the methods presented in Part I of the study [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 600 (1994)] to the four-dimensional (4D) Riemannian manifold case, the time-dependent behavior of light transmitting in a medium is investigated theoretically by the geodesic equation and curvature in a 4D manifold. In addition, the field equation is restudied, and the 4D conserved current of the optical fluid and its conservation equation are derived and applied to deduce the time-dependent general refractive index. On this basis the forces acting on the fluid are dynamically analyzed and the self-consistency analysis is given.

运用减法杂交、差异筛选与信使RNA差别显示聚合酶链式反应克隆冬小麦春化相关基因

对于某些一年生或二年生高等植物，春化作用是诱导其成花的一个重要的环境因子。冬小麦春化进程中存在着一个核酸代谢的关键期，利用分子生物学技术分离特异表达的基因是研究春化诱导成花机理的一个突破口。 利用TRIzol试剂快速提取冬小麦燕大1817(Triticum aestivum L. cv Yanda 1817)未春化、春化4d、春化20d、5d脱春化的胚芽中的总RNA，去除污染的DNA后，将引物P_1(5'TTTTTTTTTTTCA3')、P_2(5'TTTTTTTTTTCC3')与10个碱基的随机引物OPF_1-OPF_(20)、OPG_1-OPG_(20)组成80个引物对，对不同来源的RNA进行差别显示，共显示了大约10,000种mRNA，结果发现了两个仅在春化20d这一关键期表达而在未春化、春化4d、5d脱春化时不表达的春化相关基因(VRG)VRG49与VRG54。Northern分析进一步表明这两个基因仅与春化20d的冬小麦RNA有杂交信号。将VRG49与VRG54亚克隆于pGEM-4Z载体上，利用T_7测序系统获得了VRG49和VRG54的DNA序列，它们的长度分别为307bp与169bp。 春化21d的冬小麦京冬1号(T. aestivum L. cv Jingdong No. 1)胚芽的mRNA在逆转酶作用下反转录成sscDNA杂交，将过量的未春化、脱春化的mRNA与sscDNA杂交，运用磁珠法分离出未杂交上的sscDNA，以特异的sscDNA为模板，用DNA聚合酷I合成了dscDNA。通过对dscDNA内部EcoRI位点的甲基化、末端补平、EcoRI接头的安装、连接进入λgt10载体的EcoRI位置，以及运用包装系统进行体外包装，建立了库容为4 * 10~6pfu的富集低温诱导的冬小麦cDNA噬菌体文库。用来源于未春化、春化21d、脱春化的冬小麦mRNA合成3种cDNA探针，对噬菌斑进行原位杂交，结果筛选出了3个春化相关基因(VRG)VRG79、VRG111和VRG231。Dot blotting与Northern分析表明VRG79仅在冬小麦春化关键期21d表达。运用PCR方法从λgt10DNA中扩增出VRG79片断并亚克隆于PUC18载体上，通过T_7测序系统获得了VGR79的序列，其包括349个碱基。 通过Internet将VRG49、VRG54、VRG79与GenBank、EMBL、DDBJ、PBD中的序列进行同源性分析，结果发现这些基因至少是在植物中新发现的基因，对这些基因推测的一些功能也进行了讨论。

组织培养产生小麦族属间易位和其它染色体变异的分子细胞遗传学分析

组织培养能够诱导染色体断裂和重接进而产生染色体易位的观点已被广泛认识。大量的研究注意到了组织培养产生的核型不稳定性，其中大多数研究的对象是栽培作物及其属间或种间杂种幼胚和幼穗再生植株。借助于减数分裂分析、染色体分带和其它检测技术，在再生植株中发现了包括易位在内的许多染色体变异。可以相信，除了传统的同源和部分同源染色体配对时的自发易位和辐射诱变等方法以外，远缘杂种组织培养有可能作为产生染色体易位的又一种选择。尽管如此，至今还没有取得培养细胞中染色体易位的直接证据。本研究以普通小麦×硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体杂种为材料，研究了组织培养过程中离体细胞的染色体变异，用基因组原位杂交技术（GISH）证实组织培养诱导小麦染色体与簇毛麦染色体发生易位。同时，研究了小麦×黑麦杂种培养细胞中的染色体变异和黑麦B-染色体的变化。利用组织培养技术获得了小麦-黑麦和小麦-长穗偃麦草代换系和附加系。 1 普通小麦比较容易与硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体TH_1和TH_1W杂交，所选的9个普通小麦品种或品系与TH_1和TH_1W配制的19个杂交组合，平均结实率为46.7%，共计获得19个杂交组合2316粒杂种种子。正反交结果表明，以普通小麦为母本的杂交结实率高于反交结实率。在继代培养过程中，杂种幼胚愈伤组织生长迅速，甚至直接诱导出绿苗，共获得不同杂交组合2005株再生植株。 2 普通小麦与硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体杂种愈伤组织发生了比较大范围的染色体数目和结构变异。在检查的中国春×TH_1W、TH_1W×84加7911515、TH_1×84加7911515、TH_1W×91E27、鲁资357×TH_1W等5个杂种组合的1730个愈伤组织细胞中，平均有19.1%的细胞发生了染色体数目变异，不同杂交组合变化在12.7%（中国春×TH_1W）至30.7%（TH_1×84加7911515），其中，以染色体数目减少的变异为主，数目增加的变异比较少。杂种愈伤组织平均有6.3%的细胞发生了染色体断裂，产生染色体断片、环状染色体、端着丝点染色体和缺失染色体。断裂的染色体可能重新融合在一起，形成双着丝点染色体。 3 培养时间影响普通小麦×硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体和普通小麦×黑麦杂种愈伤组织细胞中的染色体数目和结构变异。在一定时间里，随着培养时间的延长，未发生核型变异的细胞逐渐减少，发生变异的细胞逐渐增多，主要表现在染色体数目减少的细胞增多，而染色体数目增加的细胞有减少的趋势。在长时间培养（190日龄）的愈伤组织中染色体加倍的细胞消失了，表明长时间培养对高倍性的细胞具有不利的选择，使这类细胞难以在长期继代培养中生存下去。愈伤组织在第一次继代培养时就发现有核型变异，说明染色体变异在愈伤组织培养初期就可以发生。 4 以簇毛麦总基因组DNA为探针，采用荧光原位杂交技术在普通小麦×硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体杂种愈伤组织细胞中发现小麦染色体与簇毛麦染色体发性易位，这一结果是组织培养诱导培养细胞中属间染色体易位的第一个直观的证据。易位的染色体既有臂间易位，也有小片段易位。易位的染色体不仅可以在愈伤组织细胞中存在，也能够在再生植株中表达。在64株中国春×TH_1W和NPFP×TH_1再生植株中，观察到了3个易位株，其中1个易位株是一个小麦染色体与一个簇毛麦染色体发生了相互易位，易位的簇毛麦染色体片段比较小，大约为簇毛麦染色体臂的1/2，而易位的小麦染色体大约是臂长的1/3，另外2个易位株染色体断点位于或靠近着丝点。本研究的结果再次证实了利用组织培养能够创造小麦与外源染色体之间发生易位。 5 ~(60)Co γ-射线辐射处理对于普通小麦中国春与硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体TH_1W杂种愈伤组织细胞的染色体变异有很大的影响。表现在未发生变异的细胞大大减少，发生染色体数目变异的细胞急剧增加，主要是染色体数目减少的变异提高了21.3%，相反染色体增加的变异不但没有增加，而且还有所减少。经过辐射处理的愈伤组织细胞染色体结构变异也有大幅度增加，变异频率提高，变异类型增加。发生染色体断裂和重接形成双着丝点染色体的细胞频率达到22.3%，比对照提高13.9%。辐射诱变对培养细胞中簇毛麦染色体变异发生明显的影响。与此同时，簇毛麦染色体与小麦染色体易位频率比对照提高了近2倍。观察结果还表明愈伤组织辐射处理比延长培养时间诱导染色体变异的效果更好。 6 尽管愈伤组织中发生的染色体变异在再生植株中多有发现，但是，只有比较小范围染色体变异的愈伤组织细胞具有再生能力形成再生植株，那些发生剧烈变异的细胞通常不具有再生能力，因而不能在再生植株中得到表达。普通小麦与硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体杂种大多数再生植株染色体数目与供体杂种保持一致，只有少数植株发生染色体数目变异。显然，发生较大染色体变异的愈伤组织细胞在增殖和分化过程中处于不利的地位，逐渐被淘汰。 7 在普通小麦与硬粒小麦-簇毛麦与黑麦杂种愈伤组织中，观察到相当高频率的染色体加倍细胞，为利用组织培养创造双二倍体提供了一种可能。但是，加倍的细胞只是培养初期的愈伤组织中出现，经过一段时间的培养，这种细胞大多消失了。而且，大多数再生植株染色体数目未发生加倍，其中并没有出现期望的双二倍体植株。表明加倍了的细胞在愈伤组织生长和分化过程中大范围变异的细胞一样受到不利的选择，再生能力比较差。因此，利用组织培养创造双二倍体需要更大的努力。 8 一些黑麦品种含有数目不等的B-染色体。B-染色体的多少对普通小麦与黑麦的杂交结实率有比较大的影响，数目越多，杂交结实率越低。在培养初期的愈伤组织细胞中，B-染色体的频率很高，例如69%的中国春×芬7416杂种的40日龄愈伤组织细胞中含有数目不等的B-染色体。常染色体的倍性影响B-染色体的分布，染色体数目加倍的双二倍体细胞中含多数B-染色体的细胞频率大大高于单倍体细胞。经过一段时间的培养之后，绝大多数B-染色体都不存在了，只有极少数细胞含有1个B-染色体。可能的原因是离体培养过程对B-染色体产生了不利的选择。 9 利用组织培养技术，从普通小麦与八倍体小黑麦杂种幼胚再生植株自交后代中选育出2个异代换系，从4D缺体小麦×八倍体小黑麦再生植株回交后代中选育出1个附加系。荧光原位杂交、C-分带和种子贮藏蛋白分析证明这两个代换系1D/1R代换，附加的也是1R染色体。从4D缺体小麦与八倍体小偃麦杂种再生植株自交和回交后代中选育出5个代换系和2个附加系。染色体配对和RAPD分析证实了长穗偃麦草染色质的存在。其中一些小麦-长穗偃麦草代换系和附加系对叶锈病免疫或高抗，对条锈病的一些生理小种和白粉病具有比较高的抗性。而且，附加系924和代换系807蛋白质含量分别达到19.32%和18.83%。 10 当普通小麦鲁资357与硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体杂交时，无论是实生苗还是再生植株都发生杂种致死现象。细胞学观察没有发现植株染色体发生变异，荧光原位杂交表明簇毛麦染色也没有发生可见的变异。推测这种杂种致死现象是由于鲁资357和硬粒小麦81086A（TH_1和TH_1W的硬粒小麦亲本）中可能分别带有互补的杂种致死基因所致。