41 resultados para 1153

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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 磨损是材料和机械失效的主要原因之一。本文介绍了近年来材料磨损性能研究的进展,磨损的几种破坏机 制以及相应的磨损理论模型,并介绍了MEMS 中磨损研究的现状。

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The system of coupled oscillators and its time-discretization (with constant stepsize h) are considered in this paper. Under some conditions, it is showed that the discrete systems have one-dimensional global attractors l(h) converging to l which is the global attractor of continuous system.

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A single-cell diagnostic technique for epithelial cancers is developed by utilizing laser trapping and Raman spectroscopy to differentiate cancerous and normal epithelial cells. Single-cell suspensions were prepared from surgically removed human colorectal tissues following standard primary culture protocols and examined in a near-infrared laser-trapping Raman spectroscopy system, where living epithelial cells were investigated one by one. A diagnostic model was built on the spectral data obtained from 8 patients and validated by the data from 2 new patients. Our technique has potential applications from epithelial cancer diagnosis to the study of cell dynamics of carcinogenesis. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

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研究了两个光纤激光器的相位锁定及其相干输出。将两个光纤激光器的输出耦合进一个自成像共振腔,然后利用一个空间滤波器进行模式选择。自成像共振腔由两个焦距为8mm的准直透镜、一个焦距为500mm的傅里叶透镜和一个耦合输出镜组成。滤波器由两根20μm的铂金线组成,并放置在耦合输出镜面上。实验中,观测到光束截面图样具有高对比度的干涉条纹。输出镜反射率在50%和30%情况下,分析了单个激光器和激光器阵列的斜率效率。在总抽运功率为60W时,获得了18.3W的高相干功率输出。稳定的相位锁定是由于激光器阵列具有能适应光程长

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中国东北样带(NorthEast China Transect, NECT)是位于中纬度温带以降水量作为主要驱动因素的陆地样带。本文的工作以此作为研究平台,利用生态信息系统(Ecological Information System, EIS)以及Microsoft Excel 7.0软件包建立了样带的地理数据库和植物多样性数据库,包括气候数据库、植被数据库、遥感数据库和内蒙内C_4植物数据库以及样带内生态系统特征数据库。在此基础上,主要研究了以下四个方面的内容: 1. 利用Holdridge的生命地带方法对NECT内的生物群区进行了划分。 主要是确定了生物群区间过渡带的位置与宽度,并预测了在全球变化三种模式下NECT内生物群区,尤其是过渡带的变化图景。湿度升高2 ℃后,过渡带的面积都呈扩大化的趋势。森林区对于降水量的变化反应很敏感。荒漠灌丛(即荒漠草原类型)由于其水热条件处于样带内较极端类型,因而对于全球气候变化反应也比较敏感。 2. 研究了NECT内的α、β多样性以及包括生活型、水分生态型、区系地理成分等在内的植物群落特征多样性的梯度变化规律。 研究了样带内的多样性梯度,提出了在样带内存在的α多样性测度问题以及β多样性沿样带的变化规律:样带内由东到西,β多样性逐渐升高,群落内物种被替代的速率变慢;两种植被类型边界上的两个样地之间的相似程度由东到西呈上升趋势;同一类型群落之间的物种周转率比不同类型群落间的物种周转率相对要低。同时将各个环境因子与α、β多样性作了回归分析,找出样带内决定α、β多样性的主要环境因子指标。 样带内沿43.5°N一线附近植物群落的生活型共有17类,水分生态型8类,区系地理成分包括17类,以此为基础分析了群落特征沿样带的变化规律。并探讨了生活型分布的历史地理原因。 3. 对样带气候-NDVI间的关系以及植被-NDVI的关系进行了探讨。 利用来自气象卫星的遥感数据一归一化植被指数(NDVI),和数值化后的样带1:100万植被图进行叠加,找到NECT内每种植被类型对应的NDVI值。样带内共有植被类型147种,反映在NDVI变化上的植被类型有106类。其中,自然植被101种。 影响年均NDVI分布的因子主要有经度、辐射日照百分率及7月温度,与经度呈正相关,与辐射日照时数及7月温度呈负相关。回归方程如下: NDVI = -220.426 + 3.273Lon - 80.338Ratio - 1.962T_7 (R~2 = 0.9714, F = 521.52, p < 0.001) 4. 研究了NECT内的光合功能型。 主要包括内蒙古地区的C_4植物及其生态地理特性。揭标C_4植物的分类群特性、生活型、水分生态型与区系地理成分等生态学特性。C_4植物分布的科属极其集中。C_4光合型为维管植物某些分类群(科、属、种)的特性,为它们固有的遗传特性。推断C_4起源于草本的某些科属。C_4植物为喜热、耐旱的类群。世界种、泛热带种、泛地中海种C_4植物较集中。 样带内的C_3、C_4功能型及其与环境因子的相关性。样带内C_4和C_3光合型植物组成比例由东到西表现出两高两低的趋势。分布主要与年均温和降水量呈显著相关。 提出了一种新的C_3、C_4鉴别方法。即根据野外测定的光合数据建立了C_3、C_4的判别模型: f_1(x) = -1.5493 + 0.1427Pn + 0.1035Tr + 0.3768ΔT + 0.1000Gs f_2(x) = -15.6142 + 1.0542Pn - 0.2503Tr - 0.2957ΔT + 0.6491Gs 最后,综合7个GCMs模型(GFDL,GISS,LLNL,MPI,OSU,UKMOH,UKMOL)的输出结果,利用此结果和本文建立的回归模型,模拟了样带内生物多样性的窨分布格局,并预测了末来全球变化下归一化植被指数NDVI的空间分布格局的变化。

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To test the hypotheses of modern human origin in East Asia, we sampled 12,127 male individuals from 163 populations and typed for three Y chromosome biallelic markers (YAP, M89, and M130). All the individuals carried a mutation at one of the three sites.

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根据黑白仰鼻猴( Rhinopithecus bieti ) 的相关参数, 借助漩涡模型(Vortex 9142) , 对黑白仰鼻猴的 种群动态进行了模拟分析。结果表明, 在没有近亲繁殖和偷猎影响的情况下, 各亚种群100 年间均持续增长, 即使数量较少的攀天阁和白济讯亚种群的灭绝概率也只有3 %和6 %。在加入近亲繁殖和偷猎因素时, 有5 个亚 种群(小昌都、乌牙普牙、金丝厂、富合山和格花箐) 保持增长态势, 3 亚种群(茨卡通、各摩茸及响姑箐) 数量保持稳定, 其他5 个亚种群(米拉卡、巴美、龙马山、攀天阁和白济讯) 呈下降趋势。在其他条件相同的 情况下, 大的环境容纳量能够促进亚种群的增长, 因此, 保护生境是保护该物种的根本途径。偷猎对整个异质 种群增长有负作用, 所以杜绝偷猎发生是保护该物种的重要条件。近亲繁殖率随种群减小和时间推移逐渐增 加, 也对猴群的长期存活有负面影响。

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We report the investigation of temperature and excitation power dependence in photoluminescence spectroscopy measured in Mg-doped GaN epitaxial layers grown on sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, The objective is to examine the effects of rapid-thermal annealing on Mg-related emissions. It is observed that the peak position of the 2.7-2.8 eV emission line is a function of the device temperature and annealing conditions, The phenomenon is attributed to Coulomb-potential fluctuations in the conduction and valence band edge and impurity levels due to the Mg-related complex dissociation. The blue shift of the 2.7-2.8 eV emission line with increasing excitation power provides clear evidence that a donor-acceptor recombination process underlies the observed emission spectrum. In addition, quenching of minor peaks at 3.2 and 3.3 eV are observed and their possible origin is discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Reliable messaging is a key component necessary for mobile agent systems. Current researches focus on reliable one-to-one message delivery to mobile agents. But how to implement a group communication system for mobile agents remains an open issue, which is a powerful block that facilitates the development of fault-tolerant mobile agent systems. In this paper, we propose a group communication system for mobile agents (GCS-MA), which includes totally ordered multicast and membership management functions. We divide a group of mobile agents into several agent clusters,and each agent cluster consists of all mobile agents residing in the same sub-network and is managed by a special module, named coordinator. Then, all coordinators form a ring-based overlay for interchanging messages between clusters. We present a token-based algorithm, an intra-cluster messaging algorithm and an inter-cluster migration algorithm to achieve atomicity and total ordering properties of multicast messages, by building a membership protocol on top of the clustering and failure detection mechanisms. Performance issues of the proposed system have been analysed through simulations. We also describe the application of the proposed system in the context of the service cooperation middleware (SCM) project.

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分析了气动式波浪发电透平的特点、运行环境以及透平与振荡气流之间的相互作用过程,提出了描述透平稳态特性和动态特性的参数以及描述透平运动性能的特性曲线,推导得出透平的稳态最佳工作点,最后提出了透平的匹配设计方法。该设计模型的建立,对波浪透平的研究和设计具有较重要的指导意义