31 resultados para 1054

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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The dislocation simulation method is used in this paper to derive the basic equations for a crack perpendicular to the bimaterial interface in a finite solid. The complete solutions to the problem, including the T stress and the stress intensity factors are obtained. The stress field characteristics are investigated in detail. It is found that when the crack is within a weaker material, the stress intensity factor is smaller than that in a homogeneous material and it decreases when the distance between the crack tip and interface decreases. When the crack is within a stiffer material, the stress intensity factor is larger than that in a homogeneous material and it increases when the distance between the crack tip and interface decreases. In both cases, the stress intensity factor will increase when the ratio of the size of a sample to the crack length decreases. A comparison of stress intensity factors between a finite problem and an infinite problem has been given also. The stress distribution ahead of the crack tip, which is near the interface, is shown in details and the T stress effect is considered.

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<正> 由中国科学院力学研究所承担的“大功率高重复频率准分子激光器单元技术及元器件”系国家重点科技攻关项目,已通过中科院和国家教委联合组织的鉴定会。该项目包括三项具体研究成果,即磁脉冲压缩器、高重复频率大电流开关、数字式高电压表。

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We studied the single-shot damage in magnesium fluoride irradiated by 800 nm femtosecond (fs) laser. The dependence of damage thresholds on the laser pulse durations from 60 to 750 fs was measured. The pump-probe measurements were carried out to investigate the time-resolved electronic excitation processes. A coupled dynamic model was applied to study the microprocesses in the interaction between fs laser and magnesium fluoride. The results indicate that both multiphoton ionization and avalanche ionization play important roles in the femtosecond laser-induced damage in MgF2. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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我国北方温带草原地处干旱半干旱区,是欧亚大陆草原生物区系的重要组成部分,也是我国重要的畜牧业生产基地。土壤氮素作为陆地植物生长和生态系统初级生产力的主要限制因子之一,了解其矿化和可利用性对各种人为干扰因素的响应,有助于我们充分认识草地退化机理,维持草场生产力并进一步促进畜牧业的可持续发展,为草地恢复、重建和维护提供理论依据。本实验在中国科学院内蒙古草原生态系统定位研究站的多年围封退化样地,分别实施了火烧、施肥、刈割及其交互作用的人为干扰处理,利用原状土野外培养的方法,在两年时间中,研究不同的人为干扰因素(火烧、施肥、刈割及其交互处理)对土壤净氮矿化作用的影响。 火烧显著影响草原的氮循环过程,季节和年际的气候变化参与调节氮循环对火烧处理的响应。多年围封后的初次人工火烧处理显著降低了第一个生长季(2006 年生长季)和其后冬季的土壤净氮矿化速率,但是,火烧处理仅在冬季对土壤无机氮含量产生显著降低作用;2007 年生长季,火烧处理对土壤净氮矿化速率和土壤无机氮含量没有显著作用,但是在个别月份,不同的火烧频率对土壤净氮矿化速率和无机氮含量的影响表现出差异。2006 年生长季,未火烧样地和火烧样地净氮矿化积累量分别为3.07±0.26 g N m-2 和2.18±0.21 g N m-2;冬季,未火烧样地和火烧样地净氮矿化积累量分别为1.18±0.25 g N m-2 和0.51±0.08 g N m-2;2007 年生长季,未火烧样地(BC)、每年火烧样地(B1)和两年一烧样地(B2)净氮矿化积累量分别为1.32±0.21 g N m-2、0.54±0.30 g N m-2 和 0.77±0.24 g N m-2。较为湿润的2006 年生长季的净氮矿化积累量显著高于较为干旱的2007 年生长季,冬季也存在相当丰富的净氮矿化积累量。我们推论,长时间围封后的单次火烧处理对土壤净氮矿化作用的影响可能是短效的,但是年际间气候变化对土壤净氮矿化作用影响显著。 施肥显著提高了土壤的无机氮含量,并且与施肥梯度呈显著正相关关系。施肥对土壤无机氮含量的影响具有累加效应,第一次施肥和第二次施肥后的首次取样,+N5.25 、+N17.5 、+N28.0 三个施肥梯度的样地土壤无机氮含量比未施肥样地分别高出56%、219%、1054%和514%、891%、1811%。施肥处理在2006 年和2007 年对土壤净氮矿化作用都没有显著影响,仅在2007 年的个别月份有一定效果。以上结果说明,无机氮肥的添加可以明显提高土壤中无机氮的含量,满足植物生长的需求,但对于土壤氮转化过程的影响可能还要受其它环境和生物因子的制约。 刈割对土壤无机氮含量和净硝化速率没有显著作用,对土壤净氮矿化速率仅在个别月份表现显著效果。2007 年生长季,未刈割样地和刈割样地净氮矿化积累量分别为1.32±0.21 g N m-2 和1.08±0.35 g N m-2,不存在显著差异。我们推论,长期围封后的单次刈割处理在短期内对生长季的土壤氮动态仅有微弱影响,并且这种效果还可能受水分因素的制约。 火烧、施肥、刈割的交互处理在2007 年生长季对土壤无机氮含量产生显著作用,但是,对土壤净氮矿化速率和净硝化速率没有显著效果,然而,在不同的取样时间,火烧、施肥、刈割的交互处理对土壤无机氮含量、净氮矿化速率和净硝化速率的影响存在显著差异,说明火烧、施肥、刈割的交互处理对土壤无机氮和净氮矿化作用的影响可能受各种环境因子的制约,尤其是在水分相对缺乏的半干旱内蒙古草原,非生物因子和生物因子可能共同影响着土壤中的氮平衡。 本研究初步分析了长期围封后火烧、施肥、刈割及其交互处理对土壤净氮矿化的影响,初步探究了人为干扰和环境气候变化对土壤可利用性氮的调节作用,为科学地进行禁牧、割草、人工养份添加等草原管理提供了数据支持。

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家养动物的起源与进化一直是考古学家和遗传学家们共同关注的热点问题.本文从基本原理、前提假设、取样策略、遗传标记选择、分析方法选择、结果的可靠性等方面对家养动物起源研究的遗传学方法及其应用进行了概述和评论.认为不同国家多个实验室的联合,以及现代样本和古DNA标本、多方面遗传信息、不同数据分析方法的综合使用,并结合考古学、生态学等多学科的知识,将有望进一步阐明家养动物的起源问题,从而全面推动其他相关研究如人工选择作用的遗传机制等的开展.

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以鲫鱼肌肉为原料提取乙酰胆碱酯酶(Acetylcholinesterase,AChE),然后采用改进的Ellman方法按照正交试验设计分别测定不同环境条件(pH值,温度,时间)下粗酶液活性,得到测定AChE活性的最佳条件组合。再将粗酶液依次通过DEAE-Sephadex A-50和Sephadex G-200柱层析纯化。结果表明,3个因素对AChE活性影响的顺序为温度>pH值>时间;最佳酶活性测定条件组合为环境温度35℃,体系pH值8.0,反应时间30 min;经Sephadex A-50柱层析后的纯化倍

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First-principles calculations; ZnO nanofilms; Electronic properties; Quantum effects; NANOBELTS; NANORINGS; WURTZITE; ENERGY Abstract: Using first-principles density-functional calculations, we have studied the structural and electronic properties Of Ultrathin ZnO {0001} nanofilms. The structural parameters, the charge densities, band structures and density of states have been investigated. The results show that there are remarkable charge transfers from Zn to O atoms in the ZOO nanofilms. All the ZOO nanofilms exhibit direct wide band gaps compared with bulk counterpart, and the gap decreases with increased thickness of the nanofilms. The decreased band gap is associated with the weaker ionic bonding within layers and the less localization of electrons in thicker films. A staircase-like density of states occurs at the bottom of conduction band, indicating the two-dimensional quantum effects in ZnO nanofilms.

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该文提出了一种基于Pade逼近的谱估计方法。由于Pade逼近能够利用有限项很好地逼近对无限项的求和,文中算法适用于短时序列情况。经过实验仿真并与FFT方法和小波变换谱估计方法进行比较表明,该文算法具有较高的频率分辨率和估计精度,并具有较好的品质因数。

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研究不同生长温度下的InP/AlGaInAs/InP材料LP-MOCVD生长,用光致发光和X射线双晶衍射等测试手段分析了其材料特性,得到了室温脉冲激射1.3μm AlGaInAs有源区SCH-MQW结构材料,为器件制作研究打下了基础。