335 resultados para hollow electron beam


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分析了倾斜入射条件下导致光学薄膜产生偏振的原因, 针对不同偏振态的等效导纳与等效相位进行了分析, 并计算了对称膜层在45°入射条件下不同偏振态的等效折射率与等效相位厚度, 采用等效层方法设计了光学性能良好的600~900 nm波段消偏振宽带减反膜。最后利用电子束蒸发技术制备了薄膜样品, 样品的光谱性能完全能够满足使用要求。其中在600~900 nm波段范围内, 平均反射率均小于1.38%, 反射率的偏振度均低于0.89%。另外, 通过对其理论及实验光学性能、角度敏感性、膜层厚度误差敏感性等方面的分析结果可

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采用电子束蒸发方式制备了两种不同材料组合的分光膜,分别对其在波长1064 nm激光辐照下的损伤阈值进行了测试,用Alpha-Step 500台阶仪对破斑进行了深度测量。实验结果表明,破斑呈现出表面层的剥落和深坑破坏两种形态。表面层的剥落深度在一定范围内不随能量密度的变化而变化;深坑破坏深浅不一,是膜内缺陷融化、汽化及喷发的综合作用的结果,是损伤阈值降低的主要原因。

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Design and preparation of frequency doubling antireflection coating with different thicknesses of interlayer were investigated for LiB3O5 (LBO) substrate. The design was based on the vector method. The thickness of the inserted SiO2 interlayer could be changed in a wide range for the four-layer design with two zeros at 1064 and 532 nm. The coatings without any interlayer and with 0.1 quarter-wave (λ/4), 0.3 λ/4, 0.5 λ/4 SiO2 interlayer were deposited respectively on LBO by using electron beam evaporation technique. All the prepared coatings with SiO2 interlayer indicated satisfying optical behavior. This expanded our option for the thickness of an interlayer when coating on LBO substrate. The prepared films with SiO2 interlayer showed better adhesion than that without any interlayer. The thickness of the interlayer affected the adhesion, the adhesion for the coating with 0.5 λ/4 SiO2 interlayer was not as good as the other two.}

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用电子束蒸发法制备出四种不同Y2O3含量的Y2O3稳定ZrO2(YSZ)薄膜,用X射线衍射和透射光谱测定薄膜的结构和光学性能.结果表明:随着Y2O3含量的增加,ZrO2薄膜从单斜相向高温相(四方相和立方相)转变,获得了结构稳定的YSZ薄膜;YSZ薄膜的晶粒尺寸都比ZrO2薄膜的大,但随着Y2O3加入量的增加,晶粒尺寸有减小的趋势,薄膜表面也趋向光滑平整.所有YSZ薄膜的透射谱线都与ZrO2薄膜相似,在可见光和红外光区都有较高的透过率.Y2O3的加入还可以改变薄膜的折射率,在一定范围内可得到所需的任意折射率

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利用电子束蒸发和光电极值监控技术制备了氧化铪薄膜,并分别用两种后处理方法(空气中退火和氧等离子体轰击)对样品进行了处理.然后,对样品的透过率、吸收和抗激光损伤阈值进行了测试分析.实验结果表明,两种后处理方法都能不同程度地降低了氧化铪薄膜的吸收损耗、提高了抗激光损伤阈值.实验结果还表明,氧等离子体轰击的后处理效果明显优于热退火,样品的吸收平均值在氧等离子体后处理前后分别为34.8ppm和9.0ppm,而基频(1 064nm)激光损伤阈值分别为10.0J/cm^2和21.4J/cm^2.

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用电子束蒸发沉积方法在X切LBO(X-LBO)晶体上镀制了两种不同膜系结构的1064和532nm倍频增透膜,其中一种膜系结构为基底/ZrO2/Y2O3/A12O3/SiO2/空气,另一种为基底/0.5Al2O3/ZrO2/Y2O3/A12O3/SiO2/空气,两种膜系结构的主要差别在于有无氧化铝过渡层。测量了薄膜的反射率光谱曲线,发现两种增透膜在1064和532nm处的反射率均小于0.5%,实际镀制结果与理论设计曲线的差异主要是由材料折射率的变化引起的。且对样品在空气环境中进行了温度为473K的退火处理,

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采用电子束直接蒸发氧化铪、无辅助电子束反应蒸发和离子束辅助反应蒸发金属铪3种沉积方式制备了单层HfO2薄膜,对样品的光学性能、结构特性以及激光损伤特性进行了研究。实验结果表明:通过反应沉积的方法可以有效减少缺陷产生并改善均匀性,施加离子辅助可以提高薄膜的折射率,在一定条件下还可以有效地降低吸收,但激光损伤阈值仍未达到直接采用氧化铪制备的水平;晶体结构方面,离子辅助条件下可以获得单斜相氧化铪薄膜,并且随着轰击能量的提高由(002)面的择优取向向(-111)面转变。

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HfO2薄膜是用电子束蒸发方法制备的,利用ZYGO干涉仪测量了基片镀膜前后曲率半径的变化,计算了薄膜应力。对样品进行了XRD测试,讨论了膜厚对薄膜残余应力的影响。结果发现不同厚度HfO2薄膜的残余应力均为张应力,应力值随薄膜厚度的增加而减小,当薄膜厚度达到一定值后,应力值趋于稳定。从微观结构变化对实验结果进行了分析,发现微结构演变引起的本征应力变化是引起薄膜残余应力改变的主要因素。

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研究了电子束蒸发制备的HfO2/SiO2高反膜在1064nm与532nm激光辐照下的损伤行为。基频激光辐照时损伤形貌主要为节瘤缺陷喷溅留下的锥形坑。当能量密度较大时出现分层剥落;二倍频激光损伤主要是由电子缺陷引起的平底坑,辐照脉冲能量密度稍高时也会产生吸收性缺陷引起的锥形坑,但电子缺陷的损伤阈值更低;随着辐照脉冲能量密度的增大分层剥落逐渐成为主要的损伤形貌。分析认为,辐照激光波长的变化。引起吸收机制的变化从而导致了损伤阈值及损伤机制的差异。

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在4H-SiC基底上设计并制备了Al2O3/SiO2紫外双层减反射膜,通过扫描电镜(SEM)和实测反射率谱来验证理论设计的正确性。利用编程计算得到Al2O3和SiO2的最优物理膜厚分别为42.0nm和96.1nm以及参考波长λ=280nm处最小反射率为0.09%。由误差分析可知,实际镀膜时保持双层膜厚度之和与理论值一致有利于降低膜系反射率。实验中应当准确控制SiO2折射率并使Al2O3折射率接近1.715。用电子束蒸发法在4H-SiC基底上淀积Al2O3/SiO2双层膜,厚度分别为42nm和96nm。SEM截面图表明淀积的薄膜和基底间具有较强的附着力。实测反射率极小值为0.33%,对应λ=276nm,与理论结果吻合较好。与传统SiO2单层膜相比,Al2O3/SiO2双层膜具有反射率小,波长选择性好等优点,从而论证了其在4H-SiC基紫外光电器件减反射膜上具有较好的应用前景。

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电阻加热具有比较好的加热均匀性,可以认为对于非升华性材料,具有比较理想的平面源发射特性n=1。而电子束加热时,通常n=2~3,甚至可以为6,发射特性参数的范围大,没有取值指导理论或规律,具有很大的不确定性,这对分析薄膜均匀性非常不利。采用细分蒸发源为无数个小的面蒸发源的思想,建立了镀膜材料出现挖坑效应时薄膜厚度均匀性的分析模型。分析结果表明电子束蒸发方法很难获得理想的平面蒸发源,不同程度的挖坑效应将使得n值不同程度地偏离n=1,挖坑效应越明显,n值越大。可以从镀膜机结构设计及薄膜沉积工艺选取两方面着手,降低挖坑效应带来的影响。该研究对认识蒸发源材料发射特性的物理含义具有重要意义,对实验工作同样具有指导性意义。

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用电子柬蒸发的方法在BK7玻璃上制备了ZrO2单层膜和ZrO2/SiO2高反膜,利用掺Ti:sapphire飞秒激光系统输出的中心波长为800nm,脉宽为50fs的激光脉冲对这两种样品进行了激光损伤阈值测试.实验结果表明,ZrO2单层膜的阂值比ZrO2/SiO2高反膜的高;这与传统的纳秒脉冲激光的损伤情况相反.利用光离化和碰撞离化激发电子到导带,形成电子等离子体基本模型并对此现象进行了解释.同时,用显微镜对样品的损伤形貌进行了观测,对损伤的特点进行了表征.

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介绍了电子束蒸发镀膜速率控制的基本原理和方法,选取实际生产中大量使用且蒸发特性较难控制的SiO_2和HfO_2,对两者的电子束蒸发速率控制分别进行了实验研究。采用比例积分微分(PID)闭环反馈控制,通过Ziegler-Nichols工程经验公式进行原始参量整定,并在实验的基础上对控制器的原始参量进行调整以及对积分作用和微分作用进行分区处理,速率控制的实验结果表明,采用该参量整定方法并结合工艺流程的改进,能获得良好的速率控制。针对速率控制中存在的难点问题进行了分析,并提出改进措施:将速率控制和电子枪扫描控制相结合能进一步改善速率控制。

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Laser-induced damages to TiO2 single layers and TiO2/SiO2 high reflectors at laser wavelength of 1064 nm, 800 run, 532 urn, and pulse width of 12 ns, 220 ps, 50 fs, 8 ns are investigated. All films are prepared by electron beam evaporation. The relations among microstructure, chemical composition, optical properties and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT), have been researched. The dependence of damage mechanism on laser wavelength and pulse width is discussed. It is found that from 1064 nm to 532 nm, LIDT is mainly absorption related, which is determined by film's extinction coefficient and stoichiometric defects. The rapid decrease of LIDT at 800 nm is due to the pulse width factor. TiO2 coatings are mainly thermally by damaged at long pulse (tau >= 220 ps). The damage shows ablation feature at 50 fs. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Al2O3/SiO2 films have been prepared by electron-beam evaporation as ultraviolet (UV) antireflection coatings on 4H-SiC substrates and annealed at different temperatures. The films were characterized by reflection spectra, ellipsometer system, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. As the annealing temperature increased, the minimum reflectance of the films moved to the shorter wavelength for the variation of refractive indices and the reduction of film thicknesses. The surface grains appeared to get larger in size and the root mean square (RMS) roughness of the annealed films increased with the annealing temperature but was less than that of the as-deposited. The Al2O3/SiO2 films maintained amorphous in microstructure with the increase of the temperature. Meanwhile, the transition and diffusion in film component were found in XPS measurement. These results provided the important references for Al2O3/SiO2 films annealed at reasonable temperatures and prepared as fine anti-reflection coatings on 4H-SiC-based UV optoelectronic devices. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.