226 resultados para 3-D load.Crop


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We investigate the use of independent component analysis (ICA) for speech feature extraction in digits speech recognition systems. We observe that this may be true for recognition tasks based on Geometrical Learning with little training data. In contrast to image processing, phase information is not essential for digits speech recognition. We therefore propose a new scheme that shows how the phase sensitivity can be removed by using an analytical description of the ICA-adapted basis functions. Furthermore, since the basis functions are not shift invariant, we extend the method to include a frequency-based ICA stage that removes redundant time shift information. The digits speech recognition results show promising accuracy. Experiments show that the method based on ICA and Geometrical Learning outperforms HMM in a different number of training samples.

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In this paper, we redefine the sample points set in the feature space from the point of view of weighted graph and propose a new covering model - Multi-Degree-of-Freedorn Neurons (MDFN). Base on this model, we describe a geometric learning algorithm with 3-degree-of-freedom neurons. It identifies the sample points secs topological character in the feature space, which is different from the traditional "separation" method. Experiment results demonstrates the general superiority of this algorithm over the traditional PCA+NN algorithm in terms of efficiency and accuracy.

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A novel image restoration approach based on high-dimensional space geometry is proposed, which is quite different from the existing traditional image restoration techniques. It is based on the homeomorphisms and "Principle of Homology Continuity" (PHC), an image is mapped to a point in high-dimensional space. Begin with the original blurred image, we get two further blurred images, then the restored image can be obtained through the regressive curve derived from the three points which are mapped form the images. Experiments have proved the availability of this "blurred-blurred-restored" algorithm, and the comparison with the classical Wiener Filter approach is presented in final.

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In this paper, we presents HyperSausage Neuron based on the High-Dimension Space(HDS), and proposes a new algorithm for speaker independent continuous digit speech recognition. At last, compared to HMM-based method, the recognition rate of HyperSausage Neuron method is higher than that of in HMM-based method.

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This paper studies the development of a real-time stereovision system to track multiple infrared markers attached to a surgical instrument. Multiple stages of pipeline in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) are developed to recognize the targets in both left and right image planes and to give each target a unique label. The pipeline architecture includes a smoothing filter, an adaptive threshold module, a connected component labeling operation, and a centroid extraction process. A parallel distortion correction method is proposed and implemented in a dual-core DSP. A suitable kinematic model is established for the moving targets, and a novel set of parallel and interactive computation mechanisms is proposed to position and track the targets, which are carried out by a cross-computation method in a dual-core DSP. The proposed tracking system can track the 3-D coordinate, velocity, and acceleration of four infrared markers with a delay of 9.18 ms. Furthermore, it is capable of tracking a maximum of 110 infrared markers without frame dropping at a frame rate of 60 f/s. The accuracy of the proposed system can reach the scale of 0.37 mm RMS along the x- and y-directions and 0.45 mm RMS along the depth direction (the depth is from 0.8 to 0.45 m). The performance of the proposed system can meet the requirements of applications such as surgical navigation, which needs high real time and accuracy capability.

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This paper studies the development of a real-time stereovision system to track multiple infrared markers attached to a surgical instrument. Multiple stages of pipeline in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) are developed to recognize the targets in both left and right image planes and to give each target a unique label. The pipeline architecture includes a smoothing filter, an adaptive threshold module, a connected component labeling operation, and a centroid extraction process. A parallel distortion correction method is proposed and implemented in a dual-core DSP. A suitable kinematic model is established for the moving targets, and a novel set of parallel and interactive computation mechanisms is proposed to position and track the targets, which are carried out by a cross-computation method in a dual-core DSP. The proposed tracking system can track the 3-D coordinate, velocity, and acceleration of four infrared markers with a delay of 9.18 ms. Furthermore, it is capable of tracking a maximum of 110 infrared markers without frame dropping at a frame rate of 60 f/s. The accuracy of the proposed system can reach the scale of 0.37 mm RMS along the x- and y-directions and 0.45 mm RMS along the depth direction (the depth is from 0.8 to 0.45 m). The performance of the proposed system can meet the requirements of applications such as surgical navigation, which needs high real time and accuracy capability.

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安全态势评估是近年来国内外在网络安全领域的研究热点之一.对已有的安全态势评估方法进行了详细分析和比较,针对网络安全中多数据源的特点,提出基于信息融合的网络安全态势评估模型,引入改进的D-S证据理论将多数据源信息进行融合,利用漏洞信息和服务信息,经过态势要素融合和节点态势融合计算网络安全态势,绘制安全态势曲线图,同时对态势计算结果进行时间序列分析,从而实现网络安全趋势的预测.最后利用网络实例数据,对所提出的网络安全态势评估模型和算法进行了验证,结果表明该模型比已有成果更加有效和准确.

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This review paper summarises briefly some important achievements of our recent research on the synthesis and novel applications of nanostructure ZnO such as honeycomb shaped 3-D (dimension) nano random-walls. A chemical reaction/vapour transportation deposition technique was employed to fabricate this structure on ZnO/SiO2/Si substrate without any catalyst and additive in a simple tube furnace to aim the low-cost and high qualified samples. Random laser action with strong coherent feedback at the wavelength between 375 nm and 395 nm has been firstly observed under 355 nm optical excitation with threshold pumping intensity of 0.38 MW/cm(2).

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通过对宁南典型草原植被恢复过程次降雨土壤水分动态的研究,阐明植被恢复对次降雨后土壤水分的影响及机理。结果表明,次降雨提高了土壤含水率和贮水量,均表现出1 d>3 d>7 d。草地封育能够提高次降雨资源化效率,随封育时间延长,次降雨后0-60 cm土壤含水率和0-100 cm土壤贮水量不断提高。降雨对封育草地土壤水分的影响范围在100 cm土层内,100 cm以下不能得到降雨的补充。封育时间延长土壤水分活跃层加深,坡耕地仅为40 cm,封育17 a后达到60 cm。土壤持水能力越强,表层土壤饱和导水率越大,雨后1 d在0-100 cm土壤贮水量越大。地上生物量愈大,雨后1~7 d在0-200 cm土壤耗水量越大。

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为确定保水剂的合理用量,于2008年5月在陕西米脂县进行保水剂不同用量玉米盆栽试验研究。盆栽试验设置了保水剂不同用量(0、30、40、50、60 g)五个处理及保水剂与风干黄绵土配比用量(0、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.30%)6个处理,分别研究了保水剂不同用量与土壤水势、土壤含水量的关系及对土壤持水时间的影响。试验结果表明,土壤含水量高(>18%)时各处理土壤水吸力十分接近,在土壤吸水力相同时,随着保水剂用量的提高其土壤含水量也随着提高;保水剂用量越大的处理玉米存活的时间也越长,0.20%和0.30%处理玉米存活时间较对照长3 d;综合分析表明本试验中保水剂与黄绵土配比0.20%和0.3%应用效果较好。

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利用坩埚下降法生长了KMgF_3:Eu~(2+)和KMgF_3:Eu~(2+)-X(X=Gd~(3+)、Ce~(3+)、Cr~(3+)、Cu~(+))等12种单晶体。测试了所有单晶体的UV-Vis吸收光谱、近红外吸收光谱、低分辨荧光光谱以及在300 K和77 K的高分辨发射光谱。测试了所有晶体研成粉末后的漫反射光谱。光谱研究表明,晶体中含有氧中心和色心,发现了氧中心和色心与掺杂离子之间的能量传递。不同掺杂离子之间的光谱相互影响,并存在能量传递现象。首次研究了Eu~(2+)振动光谱与其它掺杂离子格位取代的关系,发现从振动光谱的研究可以获得许多有用的信息。利用时间分辨技术测量了4种晶体中Eu~(2+) ~6P_(7/2)激发态的四能级衰减模型和双指数拟合方程,并从光谱上证实了该模型的正确性。对双指数拟合方程中每一项参数的物理意义给出了明确的解释。根据这些拟合常数,建立了一种研究能量传递现象和机理的新方法。首次发现了Eu~(2+)和Ce~(3+)通过d-d相互作用发生的能量传递现象。根据我们建立的模型和可获得的文献数据,从理论和实验上证明了KMgF_3:Eu~(2+)晶体存在净光学增益。

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(1)研究了专利中报道的以2-苯甲酰氧甲基5-乙氧基-1,3氧硫杂环戊烷为中间体,在不同的Lewis酸催化下与乙酰化的胞嘧啶的C-N键偶联反应。研究结果发现,反应的最终产物为苯甲酸2-乙氧基-2-(N_4'-乙酰基胞嘧啶-1'-基)-乙酯。依据实验结果,我们提出了硅甲基化的乙酰基胞嘧啶首先进攻氧硫杂环中间体时,烷硫基比乙氧基基团更易离去,从而进攻氧硫杂环中间体的C-2位而非C-5位的反应机理。(2)研究了不同的Lewis酸催化剂对以2-苯甲酰氧甲基-5-乙酰氧基-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷中间体与乙酰化胞嘧啶的C-N键形成反庆的影响。结果显示,由于催化剂SnCl_4与氧硫环的硫原子螯合,从而导致胞嘧啶的氮原子从氧硫环的β面进攻,产生顺反产物的比值为3:1,是合成顺式产物的最好催化剂。(3)设计了四步反应合成2-羟甲基-5-(胞嘧啶-1'-基)-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷(cis-BCH-189)的路线:通过苯甲酰氧基乙醛与2,5-二羟基-1,4-二噻烷的羟醛缩合反应构筑1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷,经乙酰化反应及SnCl_4催化下的C-N键形成反应接上乙酰化胞嘧啶,最后在K_2CO_3/MeOH体系中脱去保护基,得到主产物cis-BCH-189。利用该方法合成外消旋的cis-BCH-189,未见文献报道。其优点在于原料便宜易得,产品收率高,操作简单,是大量合成cis-BCH-189的有效方法。(4)设计了如下合成2-羟甲基-4-(胞嘧啶-1'-基)-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷的路线:以苯甲酰氧基乙醛和巯基乙醇为原料,在甲苯溶剂中和p-TsOH催化下,经羟醛缩和反应合成得到2-苯甲酰氧基-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷,然后经间氯过苯甲酸(m-CPBA)氧化为亚砜,在NaOAc/Ac_2O中回流发生普梅雷尔重排反应,得到2-苯甲酰氧甲基-4-乙酰氧基-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷中间体,以Lewis酸SnCl_4为催化剂,获得顺反比值为2:1的产物。将顺式产物在K_2CO_3/MeOH体系中脱去保护基,得到外消旋的顺式-2-羟甲基-4-(胞嘧啶-1'-基)-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷。反应共五步,总产率为11%,合成路线未见文献报道。此合成路线原料使宜易得,操作简单,是合成大量产品的有效途径。(5)分另研究了以(-)-樟脑酰氯和(+)-(艹孟)氧基甲酰氯为手性拆分试剂时cis-BCH-189的拆分效果,结果显示前者几乎对其没有拆分能力,而后者却是非常好的拆分试剂。拆分过程为(+)-(艹孟)氧基甲酰氯与顺式-2-羟甲基-5-(N_4'-乙酰基胞嘧啶-1'-基)-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷经化学反应成酯后,于0 ℃在甲醇溶剂中重结晶,得到左旋光异构体,经K_2CO_3/MeOH体系酯解脱保护基后,得以拉米呋啶纯品,旋光度为[α]_D~(20) = -137°(c0.01, MeOH);母液浓缩析出的固体经脱保护基后可得到右旋光的对映体,旋光度为[α]_D~(20) = +34.03°(c0.01, MeOH)。(6)探索了以Hg(CN)_2、HgBr_2银盐及TMSOTf等为催化剂的反应条件下,溴代半乳糖四乙酸酯及β-D-半乳糖五乙酸酯分别与顺式-2-羟甲基-5-(N_4'-乙酰基胞嘧啶-1'-基)-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷的糖苷键形成反应。结果发现以Lewis酸TMSOTf为催化剂时,以β-D-半乳糖五乙酸酯为反应原料获得的BCH-189的糖苷衍生物的产率最高;而在汞催化下,以溴代半乳糖四乙酸酯为反应原料获得的BCH-189的糖苷衍生物的产率仅为10~ 20%。以TMSOTf为催化剂,将拉米呋定、顺反BCH-189及顺式2-羟甲基-4-(胞嘧啶-1'-基)-1,3-氧硫杂环戊烷与β-D-半乳糖五乙酸酯反应合成了系列苷类似物的半乳糖衍生物。(7)将系列核苷类似物的乙酰化半乳糖糖苷及脱保护基的核苷类似物的半乳糖糖苷和拉米呋定纯品于2.2.15细胞株中进行抗病毒性能的药效研究,药效结果显示核苷类似物的乙酰化半乳糖糖苷均优于其完全脱保护基的半乳糖糖苷,也优于未与半乳糖偶联的母体核苷体化合物及抗乙肝病毒的药物拉米呋定。

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高分子发光材料除应具有优良发光性能外,还需具有优良电子传输性能和空穴传输性能。本论文以此为出发点,将具有优良空穴传输性能的芳胺类化合物和具有优良电子传输性能的噁二唑类化合物,通过无规共聚合调控发光基元和两类传输基元的含量,合成了系列的传输与发光一体化的即V类高分子发光材料,并探讨了聚合物本身的基本特性。同时,设计和制备了相应的单层结构器件和掺杂器件,考察了器件的器件性能。本论文主要工作内容及结果如下:1、成功的利用三类王芳胺类双醛:4,4'-二醛基-(4-辛氧基-苯基)-二苯胺(TPA双醛)、N,N'-二(4-辛氧基一苯基)-N,N'-二(4-甲醛基-苯基)-1,4-苯二胺(PDA双醛)和N,N,-二(4-辛氧基-苯基)-N,N,-二(4-甲醛基-苯基)-4,4' 联苯二胺(TPD双醛)和wittig麟盐无规共聚,得到三个系列双极传输高分子发光材料。2、聚合物主链中同时引入三芳胺类空穴传输基团和噁二唑电子传输基团,提高了器件性能。在TPA系列中,同时含有三芳胺和噁二唑全基团的聚合物比仅含有三芳胺基团聚合物的单层器件亮度及效率分别提高29和22倍,同时使器件的启动电压从9.3V下降到2.7V。在同样比较的情况下,在PDA系列中,聚合物的器件亮度及效率要提高近8倍,同时使器件的启动电压从5.3V下降到4.5V。在TPD系列中,聚合物的器件亮度及效率要提高44和38倍,同时使器件的启动电压从7.5V下降到5.7V。3、含有噁二唑基团聚合物分子的这种D-A体系所具有的分子内电荷转移性质,导致其荧光光谱和电致发光光谱红移。其中,TPA系列和TPD系列的电致发光光谱从绿光红移到了黄绿光,而PDA系列聚合物的电致发光光谱从黄绿光红移到了橙光。4、刚性的噁二唑基团的引入提高了聚合物的热稳定性,T以系列聚合物、PDA系列聚合物和TPD系列聚合物中含有噁二唑基团的聚合物的玻璃化转变温度在112-229℃之间,其热分解温度超过420℃。5、此三个系列聚合物中同时含有空穴和电子传输基元的双极分子溶液的紫外一可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱都有明显的溶剂化效应,表现出较强的分子内电荷转移特性。6、利用TPA系列聚合物中性能最好的聚合物TPA-OXD-PV1的良好电子和空穴传输性质,构造的单层掺杂器件,实现了橙色和红色发光。

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该研究中,建议了一些新的方法,并且应用到QSAR/QSPR研究中,较好的预测了化合物的活性.研究工作主要集中在如下几个方面:[1]用相似度矩阵构造数学模型,预测化合物的活性.相似度矩阵是通过提取分子三维结构特征—广义二面角,原子三角和原子对空间距离来得到.[2]在三维空间对分子进行投影,计算出每一个平面上的投影面积来描述分子的形状.并进一步对分子投影进行了研究.用每一个平面的投影边缘代替面积预测化合物的活性.得到了更好的结果.[3]传统的拓朴指数很难区分属于3-D范畴的手性异构体.研究中扩展了由该实验室提出的Am指数,并利用该指数预测了手性药物的活性.[4]比较不同物种的β-球蛋白基因的第一个外显子.该方法不是直接进行DNA序列的比较,而是将DNA编码序列转化为图,然后模拟表征分子图的方法对之进一步处理.[5]利用VC++编写了一个包含三十多个分子拓扑指数的软件.

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本文对电解熔融氯化物制备稀土金属钕及钕铁、镝铁合金的电极过程及镝在镝铝合金中的扩散系数,用氯化物熔体电解制备钕铁合金的电解工艺,进行了系统研究。利用线性扫描伏安法(LSV)和计时电位法研究了Nd~(3+),Dy~(3+)在等摩尔Kcl-NaCl熔体中,在Mo, Fe, Pt三种不同电极上的电极过程;还研究了在可耗铁电极上,电解制备NdFe合金的电解工艺;测定了Dy~(3+)在该熔体中的扩散系数及Dy原子在Al-Dy合金中的扩散系数。研究结果表明,Nd~(3+)在Mo电极上的反应接近于扩散控制的反应。为不可逆过程。反应是一步完成的,转移系数α为0.8。计时电位法证明,Nd同熔体具有较强烈地作用。Nd~(3+)在Fe电极上的反应二步进行。首先是Nd的析出,立即与Fe合金化生成NdFe合金。经X-射线衍射分析证明,合金组成为Nd_2Fe。由于合金化的结果,使Nd~(3+)的析出电位向正方向飘移。第二步反应是由于有大量的Nd析出,Nd向Fe电极内部的扩散已不足以使析出的Nd与Fe合金化,造成纯Nd的析出。由于Nd沉积在电极表面上,活度逐渐趋向于1,故Nd~(3+)的析出电位又向负方向飘移。由于合金化,反应的全过程为不可逆的,αn为0.55~0.65。NdFe合金电解工艺的研究表明,利用体系NdCl_3-Kcl·NaCl-LiF是合适的。LiF的加入有助于溶解电解质中的水不溶物,降低熔体的粘度。浓度和温度对合金化影响较大。深度过高,则有大量纯Nd析出。由于Nd同熔体作用强烈,对电解不利。浓度太低,则金属Na易析出导致电流效率降低。温度高,有利于合金化;但合金中Nd的含量过高且电解质挥发严重;并且Nd同熔体的作用更强烈了。控制电解温度在750~800 ℃,有利于形成合金。我们得到最佳电解工艺条件为:当温度在750~760 ℃时;电流密度在10~13安培/厘米~2;NdCl_3浓度为30%(wt)时,电流效率达最大值为56%。利用LSV和计时电位法对Dy~(3+)在Mo电极上的电极过程进行研究的结果表明,Dy~(3+)在Mo电极上的反应为一步生成金属的反应。反应是扩散控制的可逆过程。反应式为Dy~(3+) + 3e = Dy。利用扫描电镜进一步证实了这个结果。计时电位法测得了Dy~(3+)在该熔体中的扩散系数D与温度下的关系为LgD = 1.65 - 7376/T ± 0.34。同Nd比较,Dy同熔体的作用不很强烈。Dy~(3+)在Mo电极上的电极过程很好地符合可逆反应的规律。LSV方法研究Dy~(3+)在Pt,Fe电极上的电极过程表明,Dy~(3+)在Pt电极上的反应分二步进行。第一步反应为扩散控制的可逆反应。用卷积积分计算出第一步反应的转移电子数为1。与利用扩散方程计算的结果一致。所以,Dy~(3+)在Pt电极上的反应为,Dy~(3+) + e = Dy~(2+) ,Dy~(2+) + 2e = Dy。Dy~(3+)在Fe电极上的反应为不可逆过程。反应为一步还原为金属的反应。阳极溶解伏安曲线表明,Dy在低于800 ℃不与Fe形成合金。在Fe为电极制备DyFe合金,电解温度选择在900 ℃左右为宜。利用阳极计时电位法测定了Dy在Al-Dy合金中的扩散系数。结果表明,Dy在合金内部向合金表面的扩散为阳极溶解反应的控制步骤。测得扩散系数同温度的关系为LgD = 5.81 - 10662/T ± 0.51。(700~850 ℃)扩散活化能为204.1 kJ/mole。较高的活化能说明Dy在Al-Dy合金中的扩散相当困难。