Nanotubes of mixed-valence, transition metal compounds synthesized by solution phase approach

A solution-phase approach to synthesize four kinds of mixed-valence, transition metal compounds nanotube is described. The approach is based on the self-assembly of siloxane sol. The resulted production of mixed-valence, transition metal compounds share a common structural characteristic of tubular geometrical morphology, at least for the ones we studied. The results demonstrate that the synthesis strategy can be a general route for preparation of compound nanotubes. In addition, the size control of nanotubular materials can be easily achieved through varying the ionic strength of solution. Based on the strategy, the diameters of ultrathin Ru-Fe nanotubes can be easily tuned between 100 nm and 800 nm.

Narion/Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) mixed coating modified bismuth film electrode for the determination of trace metals by anodic stripping voltammetry

To improve the reproducibility, stability, and sensitivity of bismuth film electrode (BiFE), we studied the performances of a mixed coating of two cation-exchange polymers, Nafion (NA) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), modified glassy carbon BiFE (GC/NA-PSS/BiFE). The characteristics of GC/NA-PSS/BiFE were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Various parameters were studied in terms of their effect on the anodic stripping voltarnmetry (ASV) signals. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection were 71 ng L-1 for Cd(II) and 93 ng L-1 for Pb(II) with a 10 min preconcentration. The results exhibited that GC/NA-PSS/BiFE can be a reproducible and robust toot for monitor of trace metals by ASV rapidly and environmentally friendly, even in the presence of surface-active compounds.

Mixed ligands supported yttrium alkyl complexes: Synthesis, characterization and catalysis toward lactide polymerization

Treatment of yttrium tris(alkyl)s, Y(CH2SiMe3)(3)(THF)(2), by equimolar H(C5Me4)SiMe3(HCp') and indene (Ind-H) afforded (eta(5)-Cp')Y(CH2SiMe3)(2)(THF) (1) and (eta(5)-Ind)Y(CH2SiMe3)(2)(THF) (2) via alkane elimination, respectively. Complex 1 reacted with methoxyamino phenols, 4,6-(CH3)(2)-2-[(MeOCH2CH2)(2)-NCH2]-C6H2-OH (HL1) and 4,6-(CMe3)(2)-2-[(MeOCH2CH2)(2)-NCH2]-C6H2OH (HL2) gave mixed ligands supported alkyl complexes [(eta(5)-Cp')(L)]Y(CH2SiMe3) (3: L = L-1; 4: L = L-2). Whilst, complex 2 was treated with HL2 to yield [(eta(5)-Ind)(L-2)]Y(CH2SiMe3) (5). The molecular structures of 3 and 5 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction to be mono(alkyl)s of THF-free, adopting pyramidal and tetragonal-bipyramidal geometry, respectively. Complexes 3 and 5 were high active initiators for the ring-opening polymerization Of L-lactide to give isotactic polylactide with high molecular weight and narrow to moderate polydispersity.

Hydrothermal synthesis, structure characterization of a new mixed Mo/V metal-oxygen cluster compound: [Co(phen)(3)](2)[HPMo4V (Mo4V6IV)-V-VI M2O44]center dot 4H(2)O, (M=0.78Mo(V)+0.22V(IV))

A new polyoxometalate [Co(phen)(3)](2)[HPMo4V Mo-4(VI) V-6(IV) M2O44]center dot 4H(2)O (M = 0.78Mo(V)+ 0.22V(IV)) 1 was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectrum, ESR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound is in the triclinic space group P (1) over bar with a = 12.0953(7) angstrom, b = 14.0182(6) angstrom, c = 14.6468(7) angstrom, V=2402.55(18) angstrom(3), alpha = 105.134(2), beta = 91.841(3), gamma = 91.401(2), Z = 1, and R-1 (wR(2)) = 0.0617 (0.1701). The compound was prepared from tetra-capped pseudo-Kepin with phosphorus-centered polyoxoanions [PMo8V6M2O44](5-) , [Co(phen)(3)](2+) cations and linked through hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking interaction into three-dimensional supramolecular framework. Astudy of the magnetic properties of 1 demonstrates that it exhibits antiferromagnetic coupling interactions.

Self-assembly of a water chain with tetrameric and decameric clusters in the channel of a mixed-valence (CuCuII)-Cu-I complex

The reaction of Cu(BF4)(2) with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H(2)pydc) and trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) under hydrothermal conditions afforded a porous mixed-valence (CuCuII)-Cu-I coordination polymer. Coexistence of tetrameric and decameric water clusters within the channels of the complex leads to a novel water chain. The metal-organic framework provides both hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments for stabilizing the clusters and retains its integrity upon dehydration and rehydration.

The first discrete mixed-valence hexadecavanadate host shell cluster anions: hydrothermal synthesis, structure and characterization of [V16O38(Cl)](8-)

A new compound, [NH4](2)[Zn(phen)(3)](2)[Zn(phen)(2)(H2O)(2)][V16O38(Cl)] (.) 5H(2)O (1), was synthesized in the hydrothermal condition. The "naked" [V16O38(Cl)](8-) is the first observation with host shell structure in polyoxovanadate chemistry.

Coordination reactions in the extraction of cerium(IV) and fluorine(I) by DEHEHP from mixed nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid solutions

The coordination reactions during the solvent extraction of cerium(IV) and fluorine(l) from mixed nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid solutions by di-(2-ethylhexyl)-2-ethylhexylphosphonate, L (DEHEHP) in heptane have been investigated. The extraction data have been analyzed by graphical methods taking into account all plausible species extracted into the organic phase. Different variables influencing the extraction of Ce(IV), such as the concentrations of nitrate ions, hydrofluroric acid, nitric acid, and extractant have been studied. The results demonstrate that DEHEHP can extract not only Ce(NO3)(4) as Ce(NO3)4.2L and HF as HF (.) H2O (.) L, but both together as Ce(HF)(NO3)(4) (.) L. The extraction equilibrium equations are determined according to slope analysis and IR spectra. The equilibrium constants of the extracted complexes have been calculated, taking into account complexation between the metal ion and inorganic ligands in the aqueous phase and all plausible complexes extracted into the organic phase. It is also shown that boric acid, which was added into the mixed solutions to complex with F(I) is not extracted by DEHEHP, and neither does it affect the extraction of cerium(IV) and HF, nor change the extraction mechanism.

Tunable photonic crystals by mixed liquids

Tunable photonic crystals were prepared by infiltrating mixed liquids into the voids of silica opals. The stop bands of the tunable photonic crystals were continuously tuned by changing the relative refraction index contrast n(mix)/ns(pheres) of the spheres and the mixed liquids by varying the volume fraction of the component of the mixed liquids. The peak wavelengths of the stop band have a red shift as the refractive index of the mixed liquids increases. The transmittance at the stop band decreases with the increase of the refractive index contrast n(mix)/n(spheres). The larger the diameter of silica opals is, the wider the tunable range of the stop band is. The position and transmittance of the peak wavelength obtained by the photonic band calculations agreed very well with the experimental data.

Hydrothermal syntheses and crystal structures of new cage-like mixed-valent polyoxovanadates

Three new cage-like mixed-valent polyoxovanadates [Ni(1,10'-phen)(3)](2)[V10O26] 1, [Zn(2,2'-biPY)(3)](3)[V15O36Cl](.)3H(2)O (2) and [Co(2,2'-biPY)(3)](3)[V15O36Cl](.)3H(2)O (3) have been hydrothermally synthesized for the first time and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, EPR spectra, TG analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The polyoxoanion of I exhibits an interesting empty ellipsoidal [V-2(IV) V-8(V) O-26](4-) 'host' shell, while the oxo vanadium clusters of 2 and 3 possess a spherical [V-8(IV) V-7(V) O36Cl](6-) cage with a Cl- ion encapsulated. The structure-directing role of organic templates (1,10'-phen and 2,2'-bipy) on the formation of the polyoxoanion structures is discussed.

First synthesis of single and mixed alpha-oxo ketene dithioacetals from active methenyl precursors

beta-Dioxodithioate were produced easily from active methenyl precursors, carbondisulfide and RX with potassium carbonate as base. By a selective basic assistant cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond at the beta-dicarbonyl unit of beta-dioxodithioate and the subsequent alkylation with RX/R'X in situ, single or mixed alpha-oxo ketene dithioacetals were, obtained in good yields.

Effect of LB monolayers on the mixed crystals of Lead and barium sulfate

The effect of LB monolayers on the mixed crystal was investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results show that LB monolayer has selectivity for the different nucleation ions with equal charge numbers and about the same ion radius. The selectivity is dependent on the head groups of monolayer. The monolayer and the doped ions have also an effect on the crystal morphology. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Electrochemical behavior of redox species at carbon fibre microdisk array electrode modified with mixed-valent molybdenum(VI, V) oxide

In this study, electrode responses to a large number of electroactive species with different standard potentials at the molybdenum oxide-modified carbon fibre microdisk array (CFMA) electrode were investigated. The results demonstrated that the electrochemical behavior for those redox species with formal potentials more positive than similar to 0.0 V at the molybdenum oxide-modified CFMA electrode were affected by the range and direction of the potential scan, which were different from that at a bare CFMA electrode. If the lower limit of the potential scan was more positive than the reduction potential of the molybdenum oxide film, neither the oxidation nor the reduction peaks of the redox species tested could be observed. This indicates that electron transfer between the molybdenum oxide film on the electrode and the electroactive species in solution is blocked due to the existence of a high resistance between the film and electrolyte in these potential ranges. If the lower limit of the potential scan was more negative than the reduction potential of the molybdenum oxide film (similar to - 0.6 V), the oxidation peaks of these species occurred at the potentials near their formal potentials. In addition, the electrochemical behavior of these redox species at the molybdenum oxide-modified CFMA electrode showed a diffusionless electron transfer process. On the other hand, the redox species with formal potentials more negative than similar to - 0.2 V showed similar reversible voltammetric behaviors at both the molybdenum oxide-modified CFMA electrode and the bare electrode. This can be explained by the structure changes of the film before and after reduction of the film. In addition we also observed that the peak currents of some redox species at the modified electrode were much larger than those at a bare electrode under the same conditions, which has been explained by the interaction between these redox species and the reduction state of the molybdenum oxide film. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.