Novel photonic crystal structure GaN-based light-emitting diodes - art. no. 68410J

For enhancing the output efficiency of GaN light-emitting diode(LED), we calculated the band structure of photonic crystal(PhC), and designed and fabricated several novel GaN LEDs with photonic crystal on Indium-Tin-Oxide(ITO), which as p-type transparent contact of GaN LED. In this fabricating process, we developed conventional techniques in order that these methods can be easily applied to industrial volume-production. And we have done some preliminary experiments and obtained some results.

Electropolymerized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film on ITO glass and its application in photovoltaic device

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiopliene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films have been electrochemically polymerized in situ on ITO glass substrate in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate electrolyte (BFEE). Cyclic voltammograms show good redox activity and stability of the PEDOT films. These films had been directly used to fabricate organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells with the structure of ITO/PEDOT/ZnO:MDMC-PPV/Al. The solar cells made of electrochemically polymerized films exhibit higher energy conversion efficiencies compared with that prepared by the spin-coating method, and the highest value is 0.33%. This in-situ electropolymerized method effectively simplifies fabricating procedures and may blaze a facile and economical route for producing high-efficiency solar cells.

菜花烙铁头蛇毒金属蛋白酶的研究

本论文结合生物化学与分子生物学手段对云南产菜花烙铁头蛇毒（几互刃eresrs户厂由刀打）的金属蛋白酶进行了系统深入的研究。从中分离纯化到两个新的蛇毒金属蛋白酶：二型蛇毒金属蛋白酶Jerdonit认和三型蛇毒金属蛋白酶jerdohagin。采用又卫PCR的方法得到了两个cDNA。通过蛋白质胰蛋白酶水解的内肚测序分析，其中一条为编码Jerdo址tin的，cDNA。序列分析发现，另外一条是一个含有RTS短链去整合素cDNA序列，命名为jerdos七atin，并对其进行了表达和活性鉴定。，Jerdonitin是一个表观分子量为为kDa的单链蛋白。它的c砚认全长1578bP，由金属蛋白酶、间隔区和去整合素区组成，说明它是二型蛇毒金属蛋白酶。但是与其它二型蛇毒金属蛋白酶不同的是，Jerdonitin的成熟蛋白由金属蛋白酶和去整合素结构域组成。与其它二型相比，Jerdonitin"多了两个半肤氨酸的（CysZ19andCys238）分别位于间隔区和去整合素区，Cys219可能和后面去整合素区的自由半眺氨酸残基Cys238形成一对二硫键，这对二硫键可能阻止了在后翻译加工过程中去整合素区的释放。通过Jerdonitin和其它二型蛇毒金属蛋白酶氨基酸序列比较和进化分析，结合天然蛋白结构数据，说明Jerdonitin是二型蛇毒金属蛋白酶的一个新亚型。和其它蛇毒金属蛋白酶一样，Jerdon九in是a一纤溶酶，并且它的活性都能被金属鳌合剂EDTA完全抑制，而不受丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂PMSF影响。像其独特的结构一样，Jerdonitin不仅具有纤维蛋白原降解的蛇毒金属蛋白酶活性，而且也有抑制ADP诱导的血小板聚集的非酶活性。Jerdohagin是一个表观分子量为96kDa单链蛋白。测定其内肤发现它有金属蛋白酶、去整合素样和富含半耽氨酸区组成，说明jerdohagig是三型蛇毒金属蛋白酶。像其它典型的蛇毒金属蛋白酶一样，jerdohagin的出血活性能完全被EDTA抑制，而不受R涯SF的影响。Jerdohagin是仪纤溶酶专一酶切人纤维蛋白原的。链。用氧化的胰岛素B链作底物，它可以水解仰r16一Leu17肤键。有趣的是，jerdohagin不激活人凝血酶原，但是它酶切人凝血酶原和凝血酶原激活后产生的激活片段F1。Jerdostotin的cDNA全长邹3bp，由信号肚、前肤和去整合素三个区组成，其与。btustotin和vieris七atin有较高的相似性（80％）。jerdostatin的序列是第一个报道的短链去整合素的cD以序列，它的产生机制和aCostatin一a有相似之处。值得注意的是，jerdostatin和obtus七atin八ipris，tatin不同的氨基酸残基（8／9）主要分布在含有整合素识别区的C末端。采用硫氧还蛋·白作为融合蛋白表达jerdostatin：，表达纯化后发现有两个j．erdostatin表达，，命名为：jerdo就。tin一1和'rjerdostotin一2。质谱分析显示它们的八个半肤氨酸都参与形成了四对二硫键，它俩可能是分别含有天然和非天然二硫键结构的多肚。但是jerdostatin一1的活性比rjerdostat还一2高两个数量级。和含有KTS的去整合素一样，重组jerdos七atin的异构体都选择性抑制整合素。lpl结合胶原IV，rjerdost就in一1的抑制活性分别是。b加stotin和viperistotill的1／1时和1／2500。氨基酸残基的组成不同尽管没有影响jerdost就in对整合素alpl的抑制选择性，但是它造成的化学环境不同可能导致抑制活性的差异。

INTERVALLEY-GAMMA-CHI DEFORMATION POTENTIALS IN III-V ZINCBLENDE AND SI SEMICONDUCTORS BY AB-INITIO PSEUDOPOTENTIAL CALCULATIONS

Intervalley GAMMA - X deformation potential constants (IVDP's) have been calculated by first principle pseudopotential method for the III-V zincblende semiconductors AlP, AlAs, AlSb, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs and InSb. As a prototype crystal we have also carried out calculations on Si. When comparing the calculated IVDP's of LA phonon for GaP, InP and InAs and LO phonon for AlAs, AlSb, GaAs, GaSb and InSb with a previous calculation by EPM in rigid approximation, good agreements are found. However, our ab initio pseudopotential results of LA phonon for AlAs, AlSb, GaAs, GaSb and InSb and LO phonon for GaP, InP and InAs are about one order of magnitude smaller than those obtained by EPM calculations, which indicate that the electron redistributions upon the phonon deformations may be important in affecting GAMMA - X intervalley shatterings for these phonon modes when the anions are being displaced. In our calculations the phonon modes of LA and LO at X point have been evaluated in frozen phonon approximation. We have obtained, at the same time, the LAX and LOX phonon frequencies for these materials from total energy calculations. The calculated phonon frequencies agree very well with experimental values for these semiconductors.

1ST PRINCIPLES PSEUDOPOTENTIAL CALCULATIONS OF ZONE BOUNDARY PHONON FREQUENCIES OF III-V-ZINCBLENDE SEMICONDUCTORS

Longitudinal zone boundary X phonon frequencies have been calculated by a first principles pseudopotential method for III-V zincblende semiconductors AlP, AlAs, AlSb, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs and InSb. The phonon frequencies have been evaluated from total energy calculations in the frozen phonon approximation. The calculated phonon frequencies agree very well with the experimental values.

Effects of residual C and O impurities on photoluminescence in undoped GaN epilayers

Photoluminescence (PL) was investigated in undoped GaN from 4.8 K to room temperature. The 4.8 K spectra exhibited recombinations of free exciton, donor-acceptor pair (DAP), blue and yellow bands (Ybs). The blue band (BB) was also identified to be a DAP recombination. The YB was assigned to a recombination from deep levels. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy show that C and O are the main residual impurities in undoped GaN and that C concentration is lower in the epilayers with the stronger BB. The electronic structures of native defects, C and O impurities, and their complexes were calculated using ab initio local-density-functional (LDF) methods with linear muffin-tin-orbital and 72-atomic supercell. The theoretical analyses suggest that the electron transitions from O-N states to C-N and to V-Ga states are responsible for DAP and the BB, respectively, and the electron transitions between the inner levels of the C-N-O-N complex may be responsible for the YB in our samples. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Determination of the interdiffusion coefficients of liquid Zn and Sn using Ta/Zn-Sn/Si trilayers

In this paper we present a new method for measuring diffusion coefficients in liquid metals under convection-less conditions with solid/liquid-liquid/solid trilayer. The advantage of this kind of trilayer is that effects from gravity-induced convection and Marangoni-convection can be omitted, so that the diffusion coefficient is determined more accurately. The Ta/Zn-Sn/Si trilayer were prepared with a multi-target ion-beam sputtering deposition technique and annealed in an electric furnace under an argon atmosphere. The interdiffusion of liquid zinc and tin at 500 degrees degree C was investigated. The diffusion concentration profiles were determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy. The interdiffusion coefficients range from 1.0x10(-6)cm(2)/s to 2.8x10(-6)cm(2)/s, which is less than previous values measured by capillary reservoir technique under 1g-environment where various convection exist. The precise interdiffusion coefficients of liquid zinc and tin result from the removing of disturbances of various kinds of convection.

Radiosensitivity to high energy iron ions is influenced by heterozygosity for Atm, Rad9 and Brca1

Loss of function of DNA repair genes has been implicated in the development of many types of cancer. In the last several years, heterozygosity leading to haploinsufficiency for proteins involved in DNA repair was shown to play a role in genomic instability and carcinogenesis after DNA damage is induced, for example by ionizing radiation. Since the effect of heterozygosity for one gene is relatively small, we hypothesize that predisposition to cancer could be a result of the additive effect of heterozygosity for two or more genes critical to pathways that control DNA damage signaling, repair or apoptosis. We investigated the role of heterozygosity for Aim, Rad9 and Brad on cell oncogenic transformation and cell survival induced by 1 GeV/n Fe-56 ions. Our results show that cells heterozygous for both Aim and Rad9 or A tin and Brca1 have high survival rates and are more sensitive to transformation by high energy iron ions when compared with wild-type controls or cells haploinsufficient for only one of these proteins. Since mutations or polymorphisms for similar genes exist in a small percentage of the human population, we have identified a radiosensitive sub-population. This finding has several implications. First, the existence of a radiosensitive sub-population may distort the shape of the dose response relationship. Second, it would not be ethical to put exceptionally radiosensitive individuals into a setting where they may potentially be exposed to substantial doses of radiation. (C) 2010 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Studying the Attribution of LiF in OLED by the C-V Characteristics

The organic light-emitting device (OLED) with simple structures of indium tin oxide (ITO)/tris(8-quinolinolato) aluminum (Alq(3))/LiF/Al and ITO/Alq(3)/Al was fabricated to analyze the contribution of LiF in OLED. We used the C-V characteristics to investigate the contribution of LiF in OLED and found that the capacitance of the above-mentioned structures was 12.5 nF and 77.5 nF, respectively. It is shown that the LiF layer affects the property of OLED resulting in the change of the capacitance of the device.

Effects of treatment in different atmosphere on Pt3Sn/C electrocatalysts for ethanol electro-oxidation

Pt3Sn/C catalyst was prepared by a modified polyol process and treated in air, H-2/Ar, and Ar atmosphere, respectively. XRD analyses indicate that all of these catalysts have face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) experiments show that more Sn exists in zero-valence in the Ar-treated PtSn catalyst than in the others. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) experiments, and the performance tests of direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) indicate that the catalytic activity of PtSn/C for ethanol oxidation was affected significantly by the chemical state of Sn in catalyst particles. The as-prepared PtSn/C gives the higher power density, while Ar-treated PtSn/C shows the lower cell performance. It seems that the multivalence Sn rather than the zero-valence Sn in the PtSn catalyst is the favorable form for ethanol oxidation. Energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX) of the PtSn/C-as prepared and PtSn/C (after stability test) shows the active species (platinum, tin, and oxygen) composition changed to a different extent. Further attempt to improve the catalyst stability is needed.

Preparation and characterization of PtSn/C anode electrocatalysts for direct ethanol fuel cell

Highly active PtSn/C catalyst was prepared by a polyol method. The catalyst was reduced in H-2/Ar atmosphere at 600 degreesC for 2 h in order to obtain different metallic phase. TEM images show uniform dispersion of spherical metal nanoparticles with average diameters of 1.8 and 3.9 nm for the as-prepared and treated catalysts, respectively. UV-vis spectrophotometry is employed to monitor the preparation process and the results indicate that Pt-Sn complex formed once the precursors of Pt and Sn were mixed together. The structure properties of the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction. The results show that after reduction, the catalyst tends to form PtSn alloy. TPR experiment results show that Sn exists in multivalent state in the as-prepared sample while only zero-valence Sn was detected in the treated sample, while it could not be excluded that the multivalent tin existed in the treated sample. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique and single direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) tests indicate that the as-prepared catalyst possesses superior catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation to the treated sample. The results suggest that Pt and multivalent Sn are the active species for ethanol oxidation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Development of a Marine Natural Product-based Antifouling Paint

Problems with tin and copper antifouling compounds have highlighted the need to develop new environmentally friendly antifouling coatings. Bacteria isolated from living surfaces in the marine environment are a promising source of natural antifouling compounds. Four isolates were used to produce extracts that were formulated into ten waterbased paints. All but one of the paints showed activity against a test panel of fouling bacteria. Five of the paints were further tested for their ability to inhibit the settlement of barnacle larvae, Balanus amphitrite, and algal spores of Ulva lactuca, and for their ability to inhibit the growth of U. lactuca. Two paints caused a significant decrease in the number of settled barnacles. One paint containing extract of Pseudomonas sp. strain NUDMB50-11, showed excellent activity in all assays. The antifouling chemicals responsible for the activity of the extract were isolated, using bioassay guided fractionation, and their chemical structures determined.

水文地貌关系正确DEM的建立方法

水文地貌关系正确DEM(hydrologically correct DEMs,Hc-DEM),是指符合水文地貌学基本原理,正确反映水文要素(水流方向、水流路径、水系网络、流域界线等)与地貌特征发生和位置关系的DEM。区域尺度水文和土壤侵蚀等研究中,地形因子参数只能利用DEM来提取,为了准确反映地面形态,有效提取地貌和水文特征因子,建立Hc-DEM是必需的。笔者对Hc-DEM的概念、建立方法进行了讨论和介绍;以黄土高原为例,提出了利用多种比例尺数字地形图和ANUDEM软件建立DEM的关键参数;通过与TIN方法建立的DEM的比较,对所建立的DEM进行了简要评价。研究表明,利用我国已有的数字地形图和ANUDEM软件,可以建立Hc-DEM,为流域水文和区域尺度水土流失定量分析模拟、区域尺度植被适宜性评价等研究提供更加直接的数据支持。

用ANUDEM建立水文地貌关系正确DEM的方法研究

针对区域尺度的径流、水土流失定量评价和植被适宜性评价等研究工作需要,利用1∶25万数字地形图和ANUDEM软件,对黄土丘陵区中等分辨率水文地貌关系正确DEM建立方法进行了研究。结果表明该方法所建立的DEM,可以正确反映地貌梁、沟结构及其与流水线网络的关系,对地形描述的能力优于TIN方法建立的DEM;利用ANUDEM和1∶25万地形图插值建立黄土丘陵区DEM的三个主要参数分别为分辨率50或100,计算迭代次数40,第二糙率系数0.8。

Synthesis and near-infrared luminescent properties of some ruthenium complexes

A series of seven ruthenium complexes with different ligands were synthesized and their optical, electrochemical and photoluminescent properties were characterized. Electroluminescent properties of these complexes were further evaluated using a light-emitting electrochemical cell with a configuration of indium tin oxide (ITO)/complex (100 nm)/Au (100 nm).