The integration of coastal zone management into national development planning

The broad acceptance and collective commitment of countries to the tasks involved in the implementation of Agenda 21, Chapter 17, have profound implications vis-à-vis the interplay between coastal zone management (CZM) and national development planning (NDP). It appears that in many countries, CZM has evolved in isolation from the mainstream of national development processes. The paper examines various forms and elements for the effective integration of CZM into NDP.

Integration' in the US coastal zone management program

The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which the existing US Coastal Zone Management (CZM) program represents Integrated Coastal Management (ICM). The actions taken at Rio de Janeiro in June 1992 as part of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) could eventually impact the policies of the US in such a way as to encourage better integration of US coastal and ocean management efforts.

Dinoflagellate cysts as potential indicators of industrial pollution in a Norwegian Fjord

Variation in dinoflagellate cyst assemblages through the last approximately 300 years was studied in two sediment cores, one from the heavily polluted Frierfjord, and one from the adjoining, relatively unpolluted Brevikfjord, in order to docu1ent possible dinoflagellate responses to pollution. Changes in the cyst-flora were compared with historical information on the development of industry and also with geochemistry of the sediments, reflecting aspects of pollution. In the Frierfjord core, increasing pollution was accompanied by a decrease in cyst concentration, possibly reflecting reduced production, at least of dinoflagellates, and a shift toward more heterotrophic species, possibly reflecting reduced light penetration in the euphotic zone, or increased production of prey for the heterotrophs. These trends seem to have reversed as pollution decreased after about 1975, suggesting that cyst assemblages contain signals that may prove useful for tracing the development of pollution. Cyst assemblages in the Brevikfjord core only showed minor changes.

automated test program generation for an industrial optimizing compiler

Association for Computing Machinery, ACM; IEEE; IEEE Computer Society; SIGSOFT

Industrial development and land use/cover change and their effects on local environment: a case study of Changshu in eastern coastal China

The interactions among industrial development, land use/cover change (LUCC), and environmental effects in Changshu in the eastern coastal China were analyzed using high-resolution Landsat TM data in 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2006, socio-economic data and water environmental quality monitoring data from research institutes and governmental departments. Three phases of industrial development in Changshu were examined (i.e., the three periods of 1990 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, and 2000 to 2006). Besides industrial development and rapid urbanization, land use/cover in Changshu had changed drastically from 1990 to 2006. This change was characterized by major replacements of farmland by urban and rural settlements, artificial ponds, forested and constructed land. Industrialization, urbanization, agricultural structure adjustment, and rural housing construction were the major socio-economic driving forces of LUCC in Changshu. In addition, the annual value of ecosystem services in Changshu decreased slightly during 1990-2000, but increased significantly during 2000-2006. Nevertheless, the local environmental quality in Changshu, especially in rural areas, has not yet been improved significantly. Thus, this paper suggests an increased attention to fully realize the role of land supply in adjustment of environment-friendly industrial structure and urban-rural spatial restructuring, and translating the land management and environmental protection policies into an optimized industrial distribution and land-use pattern.

Intergeneric conjugation in holomycin-producing marine Streptomyces sp strain M095

Marine Streptomyces are potential candidates for novel natural products and industrial catalysts. In order to set up biosynthesis approach for a holomycin-producing strain M095 isotated from Jiaozhou Bay, China, a genetic transformation system was established using intergeneric conjugation. The plasmid pIJ8600 consists of an origin of replication for Escherichia coli, a phage integrase directing efficient site-specific integration in bacterial chromosome, thiostrepton-induced promoter and an attP sequence. Using E. coli ET12567 (pUZ8002) carrying pIJ8600 as a conjugal donor, while it was mated with strain M095, pIJ8600 was mobilized to the recipient and the transferred DNA was also integrated into the recipient chromosome. The frequency of exconjugants was 1.9 +/- 0.13 x 10(-4) per recipient cell. Analysis of eight exconjugants showed pIJ8600 was stable integrated at a single chromosomal site (attB) of the Streptomyces genome. The DNA sequence of the attB was cloned and shown to be conserved. The results of growth and antimicrobial activity analysis indicated that the integration of pIJ8600 did not seem to affect the biosynthesis of antibiotics or other essential amino acids. To demonstrate the feasibility of above gene transfer system, the allophycocyanin gene (apc) from cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans UTEX625 was expressed in strain M095, and the results indicated heterologous allophycocyanin could be expressed and folded effectively. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

attB site disruption in marine Actinomyces sp M048 via DNA transformation of a site-specific integration vector

An efficient conjugation method has been developed for the marine Actinomyces sp. isolate M048 to facilitate the genetic manipulation of the chandrananimycin biosynthesis gene cluster. A phi C31-derived integration vector pIJ8600 containing oriT and attP fragments was introduced into strain M048 by bi-parental conjugation from Escherichia coli ET12567 to strain M048. Transformation efficiency was (6.38 +/- 0.41) x 10(-5) exconjugants per recipient spore. Analysis of eight exconjugants showed that the plasmid pIJ8600 was stably integrated at a single chromosomal site (attB) of the Actinomyces genome. The DNA sequence of the attB was cloned and shown to be conserved. The results of antimicrobial activity analysis indicated that the insertion of plasmid pIJ8600 seemed to affect the biosynthesis of antibiotics that could strongly inhibit the growth of E. coli and Mucor miehei (Tu284). HPLC-MS analysis of the extracts indicated that disruption of the attB site resulted in the complete abolition of chandrananimycin A-C production, proving the identity of the gene cluster. Instead of chandrananimycins, two bafilomycins were produced through disruption of the attB site from the chromosomal DNA of marine Actinomyces sp. M048.

工业无线通信与现场总线集成和互连的研究

近年来快速发展的无线通信技术对工业企业具有极大的吸引力，有助于工业企业降低生产成本、提高生产效率。但在目前阶段，无线通信信道开放和易受干扰、易错的通信特性以及现有的现场总线技术广泛的应用和人力、资金和技术等方面的巨大投入，使得工业无线技术还不可能、也没有必要完全替代现有的有线通信技术。因此，与现有的现场总线等有线通信技术共存和混合使用是当前工业无线通信技术发展和应用的主要方向之一。 工业通信为面向对生产过程监视、控制和管理的自动化系统提供通信服务，具有确定性、硬实时和高可靠性的通信要求。而工业无线通信与有线现场总线的集成和互连会产生一定的问题，影响自动化系统的正常运行。本文针对工业无线通信和有线现场总线集成和互连中存在的互操作和通信性能问题进行了深入的研究，并对WIA-PA和基金会现场总线的集成和互连进行了具体的实现和分析。 本论文首先系统地分析了工业无线通信技术与有线现场总线在工业企业中集成和互连的应用需求，指出了混合现场网段、有线和无线现场网段间、不同层次有线和无线网络的集成和互连是工业无线通信与现场总线混合使用的主要应用方式，并根据工业自动化系统和通信的特点和要求得出互操作和通信性能是集成和互连过程中存在的主要问题。 其次，分析了实现工业无线通信和现场总线集成和互连互操作中的关键问题，即设备、用户应用对象和通信协议各层之间的互操作。提出了以协议转换方式系统实现互操作的理论方法。协议转换可以根据通信协议的异同在不同的通信层次通过协议级、服务级和混合的方式实现，为互操作的实现提供理论和实现基础。 然后，分析了工业无线通信和现场总线集成和互连的通信性能问题，根据自动化系统通信的特点和要求，针对预定周期性通信提出了系统通信调度映射、通信关系和服务转换、资源预留和通信转发和响应方法，对非周期通信提出了优先级及其映射机制、通信关系和服务转换、通信转发和响应以及拥塞控制方法来保证通信的确定、实时和可靠性。 最后，将所提出的方法具体应用于WIA-PA和基金会现场总线的集成和互连，针对通信协议的具体特点，利用通信网关实现了两种协议最高层信息之间的互操作，实现了保证设备间不同通信任务性能的方法，满足了工业自动化系统的要求。

基于数字制造环境的可重构装配线仿真分析平台

以某汽车变速箱装配生产线制造系统为背景,应用多Agent制造及Holon制造模式改造传统装配生产线以提升其柔性与重构能力·针对基于agent与holon混合思想的可重构装配生产线的基础框架与实现等理论提供分析验证环境,提出应用数字制造技术构建面向可重构装配线的数字仿真验证平台·在分析面向重构装配线的仿真平台功能特征的基础上,构建了数字仿真验证平台的框架·研究了仿真平台开发中的系统集成、可视化仿真、可重构装配线性能分析等关键技术,最后给出了仿真平台的实例系统·

工业机器人虚拟样机系统的研究

该文提出将虚拟样机技术应用于工业机器人仿真研究过程 ,研究与开发工业机器人虚拟样机系统。首先说明虚拟样机技术并分析其关键技术 ,然后说明了工业机器人虚拟样机系统的构成与样机系统在机器人仿真研究中的研究内容。总结该项技术主要解决以下两方面的问题 ,即机器人仿真研究中的系统集成及为以机器人为主体的生产线虚拟设计、验证环境提供底层的数字化环境

Theoretical and experimental research on time-optimal trajectory planning and control of industrial robots

提出了一种用于工业机器人时间最优轨迹规划及轨迹控制的新方法，它可以确保在关节位移、速度、加速度以及二阶加速度边界值的约束下，机器人手部沿笛卡尔空间中规定路径运动的时间阳短。在这种方法中，所规划的关节轨迹都采用二次多项式加余弦函数的形式，不仅可以保证各关节运动的位移、速度 、加速度连续而且还可以保证各关节运动的二阶加速度连续。采用这种方法，既可以提高机器人的工作效率又可以延长机器人的工作寿命以PUMA560机器人为对象进行了计算机仿真和机器人实验，结果表明这种方法是正确的有效的。它为工业机器人在非线性运动学约束条件下的时间最优轨迹规划及控制问题提供了一种较好的解决方案。

基于以太网的工业控制网络

应用传统现场总线的工业控制网络无法实现办公室自动化与工业自动化的无缝结合 .由于以太网在确定性、速度和优先法则等方面性能的提高 ,阻碍以太网应用于实时控制环境的难点已被解决 .以太网早已成为商业管理网络的首要选择 ,那么它应用于企业现场设备控制层是控制网络发展的趋势 ,将极大地促进信息从传感器到管理层的集成