CeO_2纳米晶修饰的细菌视紫红质薄膜M态寿命的研究

紫膜中的蛋白质细菌视紫红质 (bR)具有独特的光循环和光致变色特性 ,在分子电子学和生物电子技术领域具有广泛的潜在应用价值 .本文采用稀土纳米晶CeO2 对细菌视紫红质 聚乙烯醇 (bR PVA)薄膜进行化学修饰 .研究了纳米晶对bR光循环中的重要中间态M态的寿命的影响 .发现上述稀土纳米晶可延长M态寿命 ,且晶粒尺寸越小对M态寿命的影响越大 .纳米晶周围的羟基有助于阻碍席夫碱获得质子 ,从而使M态寿命延长

预辐照聚乙烯醇纤维与N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酸酰胺的接枝、交联

在缓冲溶液和亚铁离子存在下 ,辐照后的聚乙烯醇 ( PVA)纤维和 N ,N -亚甲基双丙烯酸酰胺 ( N ,N -MBAA)发生接枝、交联反应 .研究了单体浓度、单体和聚合物质量比、亚铁离子浓度、p H值、温度、时间对接枝率的影响 .结果表明 ,适合于提高 PVA纤维的耐热软化点的接枝率为 1 5 %～ 2 0 % ,较佳的工艺条件为 :亚铁离子浓度为 0 .0 0 1 mol/L ,单体浓度大于 2 .5 g/d L,单体和聚合物的质量比 ( m ( N ,N -MBAA) /m( PVA) )大于 0 .4 ,p H值 3.4 ,接枝温度 80℃ ,接枝反应时间 1 5～ 30 min.

Amperometric biosensor for hydrogen peroxide based on sol-gel/hydrogel composite thin film

A reagentless amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor was developed. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized in a novel sol-gel organic-inorganic hybrid matrix that is composed of silica sol and a grafting copolymer of poly(vinyl alcohol) with 4-vinylpyridine (PVA-g-PVP). Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) was employed as a mediator and could lower the operating potential to -50 mV (versus Ag/AgCl). The sensor achieved 95% of the steady-state current in 15 s. Linear calibration for hydrogen peroxide was up to 1.3 mM with the detection limit of 2.5 x 10(-7)M. The enzyme electrode retained about 94% of its initial activity after 30 days of storage in a dry state at 4 degreesC.

Acid-stable amperometric soybean peroxidase biosensor based on a self-gelatinizable grafting copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol and 4-vinylpyridine

A peroxidase was extracted from Chinese soybean seed coat, and its thermostability and acid-stability were characterized. This peroxidase was immobilized into a self-gelatinizable grafting copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol with 4-vinylpyridine(PVA-g-PVP) to construct an acid-stable hydrogen peroxide biosensor. The effect of pH was studied for optimum analytical performances by amperometric and spectro-photometric methods, also the K-m(app) and the stability of the soybean peroxidase-based biosensor are discussed. At pH 3.0, the soybean peroxidase maintained its bioactivity and the enzyme electrode had a linear range from 0.01 to 6.2 mM with a detection limit of 1.0 x 10(-7) M. In addition, the main characteristics of different hydrogen peroxide sensors were compared.

N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酸酰胺在~(60)Co-γ射线下的辐照效应

报道了 N ,N -亚甲基双丙烯酸酰胺 ( N ,N -MBAA)在 60 Co-γ射线下辐照效应 .对不同辐照条件下的双键含量变化进行了测定 .同时讨论了固态 N,N -MBAA和 N,N -MBAA水溶液经辐照后的结构的变化 .实验结果表明 ,固态 N,N -MBAA在较高温度下辐照易聚合 ,因此辐射敏化反应 PVA纤维应在常温下进行辐照 .

Self-gelatinizable graft copolymer of poly(vinyl alcohol) with 4-vinylpyridine as an immobilization matrix for the construction of a tyrosinase-based amperometric biosensor

A tyrosinase-based amperometric biosensor using a self-gelatinizable graft copolymer of poly(vinyl alcohol) with 4-vinylpyridine (PVA-g-PVP) as an immobilization matrix was constructed. The 4-vinylpyridine component of PVA-g-PVP enhances the adherence to a glassy carbon electrode surface. The content of 4-vinylpyridine in this immobilization matrix plays a key role in retaining the activity of tyrosinase. A simple, milder method was adopted by simply syringing the copolymer-tyrosinase aqueous solution on to the electrode surface and allowing water to evaporate at 4 degrees C in a refrigerator. Several parameters, including copolymer composition; pH, applied potential and enzyme membrane composition, ware optimized. The enzyme membrane composition can be varied to obtain higher sensitivity or a wider linear detection range. The biosensor was used for the determination of phenol, p-cresol and catechol. The biosensor exhibited excellent reproducibility, stability and sensitive response and can be used in flow injection analysis. The biosensor showed an extended linear range in hydrophilic organic solvents and it can be used in monitoring organic reaction processes. The analytical performance demonstrated this immobilization matrix is suitable for the immobilization of tyrosinase.

几种碱性蓄电池隔膜的光谱研究

用光谱方法研究了某些碱性蓄电池隔膜.结果表明:水化纤维素膜、PVA膜和PVA+H_3BO_3膜,浸于碱性溶液中后,发生R—OH+KOH(?)R-O~-+K~++H_2O反应,产生负电荷基团R-O~-.此种基团阻止溶液中Zn(OH)_4~(2-)离子的迁移和锌枝晶生成.这个结果证实了我们以往提出的水化纤维素膜的作用机理.

MISCIBILITY STUDIES OF POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE)-POLY(VINYL ACETATE) BLENDS BY VISCOMETRY METHODS

The intrinsic viscosities of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(vinyl acetate) blends (PEO-PVA) have been measured in chloroform as a function of molecular weights of blend components and compositions. The interaction parameters Delta b obtained from the modified Krigbaum and Wall theory and the differences between the intrinsic viscosities of polymer mixtures and the weight-average intrinsic viscosities of the two blend components were both used to characterize the extent of miscibility of the blend mixtures. (C) 1995 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

碱性染料杂多酸多元络合物显色反应的研究——IX.乙基罗丹明B-锗钼杂多酸-聚乙烯醇体系

本文研究了乙基罗丹明B-锗钼杂多酸-PVA显色体系,提出了测定痕量锗新的高灵敏分光光度法.缔合物最大吸收位于584nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为3.8×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1).缔合物的组成比为Ge(Ⅳ):ERB~+=1:4.红外光谱研究表明,染料阳离子的结构未受缔合物形成的影响.本法用于人参中痕量锗的测定,得到满意结果.

GLASS-TRANSITION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL)-G-POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) GRAFT-COPOLYMERS

The glass transition behaviour, microphase separation morphology and crystallization of poly(vinyl alcohol)-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) graft copolymers (PVA-g-PMMA) were studied. A lamellar microphase separation morphology was formed, even for a copolyme

渗透汽化法分离二氧六环－水混合物

研究了二氧六环一水混合物在ＰＶＡ（聚乙烯酸）－ＰＡＮ（聚丙烯腈）复合膜中的渗透汽化分离性能。结果表明透过速率Ｑ和分离系数α均随料液温度的提高而增大。α随料液中二氧六环浓度的提高而增大，Ｑ的变化趋势相反．有代表性的数据是在９０℃对９５％的二氧六环水溶液，α可达１９８１，Ｑ＝７３．８ｇ／ｍ２·ｈ．在低浓度二氧六环溶液时扩散过程对选择性起主要作用。而高浓度时溶解选择性是主要的，随着分离温度的提高，扩散或溶解均提高了选择性。

多元酸交联聚乙烯醇渗透汽化膜

研究了交联聚乙烯醇(PVA)渗透汽化膜。所用交联剂包括:马来酸酐、草酸、柠檬酸、偏苯三酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐及1.6己二酸。渗透汽化的结果表明,交联剂的结构对渗透汽化膜的性能有很大的影响。当使用同样当量交联剂时,交联剂的官能度越大,当量越小,膜的分离系数越大而流量越小。交联剂分子中芳香基的存在导致流量增大,分离系数下降。交联膜的热分析结果进一步证实了交联剂结构对选择分离性能的影响。

A HIGH-RESOLUTION SOLID-STATE NMR AND DSC STUDY OF MISCIBILITY AND CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL)/POLY(N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE) BLENDS

Blends of crystallizable poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVPy) were studied by C-13 cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) n.m.r. and d.s.c. The C-13 CP/MAS spectra show that the blends were miscible on a molecular level over the whole composition range studied, and that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds of PVA were broken and intermolecular hydrogen bonds between PVA and PVPy formed when the two polymers were mixed. The results of a spin-lattice relaxation study indicate that blending of the two polymers reduced the average intermolecular distance and molecular motion of each component, even in the miscible amorphous phase, and that addition of PVPy into PVA has a definite effect on the crystallinity of PVA in the blends over the whole composition range, yet there is still detectable crystallinity even when the PVPy content is as high as 80 wt%. These results are consistent with those obtained from d.s.c. studies.

超高灵敏显色反应及其应用的研究——Ⅴ.高灵敏光度法测定钼

研究了以Cu~(2+)为催化剂的Mo(V)-SCN~--ERB~+-PVA超高灵敏新显色体系及钼的分光光度测定条件。缔合物的吸收峰在580nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=5.6×10~6L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。Mo(Ⅵ)含量在0～0.3μg/25mL范围内符合比耳定律。初步研讨了显色反应的机理。结合离子交换分离,本法可成功地用于水样及麦饭石浸出液中痕量钼的测定。

聚乙烯醇的强化辐射交联

通常γ-辐照裂解的聚乙烯醇(PVA)在N·N’-甲基丙烯酰胺(BAM)存在下可以辐射交联。BAM/PVA体系的辐射效应可大致依辐照剂量的增加划分为三个阶段:强化辐射交联为主区,强化辐射交联与辐射裂解相抵区和辐射裂解优势区。强化辐射交联区的溶胶分数S与辐照剂量D的关系可表示为: S=(1+(1/(1-K))D_g~(2=K))-(D_g/(1-K))D~(1-K) =A-BR~(1-K)式中,D_g为凝胶化剂量;K是与BAM含量相关的常数。