Large Scale Fabrication Of Periodical Bowl-Like Micropatterns Of Single Crystal Zno

Nanostructured ZnO materials are of great significance for their potential applications in photoelectronic devices, light-emitting displays, catalysis and gas sensors. In this paper, we report a new method to produce large area periodical bowl-like micropatterns of single crystal ZnO through aqueous-phase epitaxial growth on a ZnO single crystal substrate. A self-assembled monolayer of polystyrene microspheres was used as a template to confine the epitaxial growth of single crystal ZnO from the substrate, while the growth morphology was well controlled by citrate anions. Moreover, it was found that the self-assembled monolayer of colloidal spheres plays an important role in reduction of the defect density in the epitaxial ZnO layer. Though the mechanism is still open for further investigation, the present result indicates a new route to suppress the dislocations in the fabrication of single crystal ZnO film. A predicable application of this new method is for the fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystal structures on light emitting diode surfaces.

From Hexagonally Arrayed Nanorods To Ordered Porous Film Through Controlling The Morphology Of Zno Crystals

The macrostructure can be changed by changing the morphology of its units. In this article, we use a colloidal template route, combined with hydrothermal growth method, to get the hexagonally arrayed ZnO nanorods on the polycrystalline ZnO substrate. More significantly, through controlling the morphology of ZnO crystals by adding structure-directing agent in the precursor solution, the highly ordered porous ZnO films were obtained instead of ZnO nanorods. This templated solvent-thermal method has great potential in micro/nano-fabrication. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Growth Mechanism And Joint Structure Of Zno Tetrapods

Regular zinc oxide (ZnO) tetrapods with a flat plane have been obtained on Si(1 0 0) substrate via the chemical vapour deposition approach. The x-ray diffraction result suggests that these tetrapods are all single crystals with a wurtzite structure that grow along the (0 0 0 1) direction and corresponding electron backscatter diffraction analysis reveals the crystal orientation of growth and exposed surface. Furthermore, we find some ZnO tetrapods with some legs off and the angles between every two legs are measured with the aid of scanning electron microscopy and image analysis, which benefit to reveal the structure of ZnO tetrapods joint. The structure model and growth mechanism of ZnO tetrapods are proposed. Besides, the stable model of the interface was obtained through the density-functional theory calculation and the energy needed to break the twin plane junction was calculated as 5.651 J m(-2).

On the formation of well-aligned ZnO nanowall networks by catalyst-free thermal evaporation method

Two-dimensional ZnO nanowall networks were grown on ZnO-coated silicon by thermal evaporation at low temperature without catalysts or additives. All of the results from scanning electronic spectroscope, X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering confirmed that the ZnO nanowalls were vertically aligned and c-axis oriented. The room-temperature photoluminescence spectra showed a dominated UV peak at 378 nm, and a much suppressed orange emission centered at similar to 590 nm. This demonstrates fairly good crystal quality and optical properties of the product. A possible three-step, zinc vapor-controlled process was proposed to explain the growth of well-aligned ZnO nanowall networks. The pre-coated ZnO template layer plays a key role during the synthesis process, which guides the growth direction of the synthesized products. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

水热法制备ZnO二维周期有序孔结构薄膜

在由溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米ZnO薄膜衬底上,以Zn(NO_3)_2·6H_2O和六亚甲基四胺(HMT)等摩尔浓度配制成前驱体溶液,在单层聚苯乙烯(PS)微球模板辅助下,采用水热法制备了具有规则多孔结构的ZnO薄膜.探讨了PS微球作为模板对ZnO纳米棒生长的限制作用以及柠檬酸钠在水热制备方法中对晶体生长的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征了水热反应后所得二维有序ZnO膜表面形貌和取向性,测量了ZnO薄膜的光致发光(PL)光谱并研究其相应机理.

Piezoelectricity of ZnO films prepared by sol-gel method

ZnO piezoelectric thin films were prepared on crystal substrate Si(111) by sol-gel technology, then characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The ZnO films characterized by X-ray diffraction are highly oriented in (002) direction with the growing of the film thickness. The morphologies, roughness and grain size of ZnO film investigated by AFM show that roughness and grain size of ZnO piezoelectric films decrease with the increase of the film thickness. The roughness dimension is 2.188-0.914 nm. The piezoelectric coefficient d(33) was investigated with a piezo-response force microscope (PFM). The results show that the piezoelectric coefficient increases with the increase of thickness and (002) orientation. When the force reference is close to surface roughness of the films, the piezoelectric coefficient measured is inaccurate and fluctuates in a large range, but when the force reference is big, the piezoelectric coefficient d(33) changes little and ultimately keeps constant at a low frequency.

微/纳米氧化锌（ZnO）的生长、性质及其应用研究

纳米氧化锌（ZnO）是一种直接宽带隙半导体材料，室温下其禁带隙宽为本3.37 eV，激子束缚能为60 meV。纳米ZnO有明显的尺寸效应、表面和界面效应等，物理化学性能优越。在压电材料、铁电材料、平面显示、表面声波、传感器、场发射器件、激光、光催化等方面有着广泛的用途。近年来，对纳米ZnO材料的研究成为国内外的一个热点。 本论文研究了用化学气相沉积（CVD）法制备微/纳米ZnO材料。通过控制实验条件，合成了多种特殊结构和形貌的微/纳米ZnO材料，并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、高分辨率透射电镜（HR-TEM）、X-射线衍射仪（XRD）、Raman光谱和光致发光（PL）等对材料的结构和光学性能进行了表征。采用CVD法，在温度为630 °C，氧气流量为15 sccm，氩气流量为300 sccm的条件下，制备了一种纳米带冠四足状ZnO（T-ZnO）。此结构ZnO材料的每根足顶端均有一规则的六方帽形结构，具有很大的比表面积。实验结果表明：合成的ZnO材料为纤维锌矿结构单晶，并且沿着(0001)方向生长；室温下的PL谱有两个激发峰，一个是在393 nm处相对较弱的近带紫外峰，另一个是在511 nm处强峰。而材料在600 °C下氧气中退火30 min后，511 nm附近的绿光激发辐射峰则基本消失了，这说明在511 nm处的绿光激发辐射峰可能是由于氧空位引起的。此外，通过改变实验条件，还得到了其他多种结构的微/纳米ZnO材料。 通过大量实验，找到了一种在低温下合成微/纳米ZnO材料的新方法，即水蒸气氧化法。用ZnI2作为锌源，水蒸气作为氧化剂，实验温度在300～500 °C范围内，大大低于通常CVD法的500～1500 °C。采用此法，用硅做基底，得到了一系列有趣的实验结果，大多数情况下ZnO纳米晶自组装成很规则的圆。而在瓷舟中收集到的纳米ZnO跟普通CVD法结果相似，可以得到锥状、棒状等结构的纳米晶，但其生长方式与硅基底上的有很大差别。此外，用水蒸气氧化法，还实现了ZnO纳米晶在碳纳米管（CNTs）上的直接生长，而且其PL性能增强，这可能是纳米ZnO和CNTs相互耦合的结果。在700 °C温度下，以锌粉和ZnI2作为锌源，用水蒸气作为氧化剂，在硅基底的正反面分别得到了纳米棒和纳米推子阵列。此外，还对水蒸气氧化法的化学反应机理进行了分析，实验结果证明：固态ZnI2在受热和一定真空度下先蒸发成ZnI2分子，ZnI2分子遇到水蒸气发生反应生成偶极ZnO分子，这些ZnO偶极分子在硅基底上通过静电力自组装成特殊的几何形状。 此外，还通过分子动力学模拟的方法，对材料的力学性能进行了研究，得到了ZnO的弹性常数和体弹性模量，模拟值跟其他研究人员的实验和模拟结果吻合得很好，并估出算了ZnO晶体的表面能和断裂韧性。 本论文还对制备材料的光催化性能进行了系统的研究，采用CVD法制备ZnO，对铬黑T（EBT）进行光催化降解实验。通过正交实验方法，得到了ZnO催化降解EBT的最佳工艺条件，即催化剂用量为5 g/L，光照强度为120 W，反应温度为20 °C，反应时间为120 min，EBT浓度为10 mg/L，溶液pH值为4。 在最佳实验条件下，20分钟内有95%的EBT被降解完，30分钟内则全部降解。因此，ZnO在EBT的降解中催化效率很高，在废水处理中具有潜在的应用前景。

Ab Initio Study Of Zno-Based Gas-Sensing Mechanisms: Surface Reconstruction And Charge Transfer

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to explore the gas-sensing mechanisms of zinc oxide (ZnO) with surface reconstruction taken into consideration. Mix-terminated (10 (1) over bar0) ZnO surfaces were examined. By simulating the adsorption process of various gases, i.e., H-2, NH3, CO, and ethanol (C2H5OH) gases, on the ZnO (10 (1) over bar0) surface, the changes of configuration and electronic structure were compared. Based on these calculations, two gas-sensing mechanisms were proposed and revealed that both surface reconstruction and charge transfer result in a change of electronic conductance of ZnO. Also, the calculations were compared with existing experiments.

Adsorption of formaldehyde molecule on the intrinsic and Al-doped graphene: a first principle study

To search for a high sensitivity sensor for formaldehyde (H2CO), We investigated the adsorption of H2CO on the intrinsic and Al-doped graphene sheets using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Compared with the intrinsic graphene, the Al-doped graphene system has high binding energy value and short connecting distance, which are caused by the chemisorption of H2CO molecule. Furthermore, the density of states (DOS) results show that orbital hybridization could be seen between H2CO and Al-doped graphene sheet, while there is no evidence for hybridization between the H2CO molecule and the intrinsic graphene sheet. Therefore, Al-doped graphene is expected to be a novel chemical sensor for H2CO gas. We hope our calculations are useful for the application of graphene in chemical sensor.

Femtosecond pulse laser-induced self-organized nanostructures on the surface of ZnO crystal

This paper reports self-organized nanostructures observed on the surface of ZnO crystal after irradiation by a focused beam of a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser with a repetition rate of 250 kHz. For a linearly polarized femtosecond laser, the periodic nanograting structure on the ablation crater surface was promoted. The period of self-organization structures is about 180 nm. The grating orientation is adjusted by the laser polarization direction. A long range Bragg-like grating is formed by moving the sample at a speed of 10 mu m/s. For a circularly polarized laser beam, uniform spherical nanoparticles were formed as a result of Coulomb explosion during the interaction of near-infrared laser with ZnO crystal.

Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structure on ZnO

Three different ZnO nanostructures include nanoparticles, ripples and regular nanogratings were successfully prepared by femtosecond laser irradiation under different experimental conditions. The in-situ observation of the second harmonic generation (SHG) excited in ZnO crystals before, during, and after the formation of the nanostructures was investigated. The obtained results show that the formed nanostructures contribute to the enhancement of the SHG. We propose that the second harmonics in the sample surface plays an important role in the formation of nanostructures. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Bi-doped BaF2 crystal for broadband near-infrared light source

Bi-doped BaF2 crystal was grown by the temperature gradient technique and its spectral properties were investigated. The absorption, emission and excitation spectra were measured at room temperature. Two broadband emissions centered at 1070 and 1500 nm were observed in Bi-doped BaF2 crystal. This extraordinary luminescence should be ascribed to Bi-related centers at distinct sites. We suggest Bi2+ or Bi+ centers adjacent to F vacancy defects are the origins of the observed NIR emissions. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America

Coherent linking of periodic nano-ripples on a ZnO crystal surface induced by femtosecond laser pulses

We demonstrate the coherent linking of periodic nano-ripples formed on the surface of ZnO crystals induced by femtosecond laser pulses. By adjusting the distance between two laser scanning zones, the periodic nano-ripples induced by two separated laser writing processes can be coherently linked and the ZnO nanograting with much longer grooves is therefore produced. The length limitation of this kind of nanograting previously set by the laser focus size is thus overcome. The micro-Raman mapping technique is used to evaluate the quality of coherent linking, and the underlying physics is discussed. The demonstrated scheme is promising for producing large-size self-organized nanogratings induced by femtosecond laser pulses.

Ultrafast dynamics in ZnO thin films irradiated by femtosecond lasers

The damage morphologies, threshold fluences in ZnO films were studied with femtosecond laser pulses. Time-resolved reflectivity and transmissivity have been measured by the pump-probe technique at different pump fluences and wavelengths. The results indicate that two-phase transition is the dominant damage mechanism, which is similar to that in narrow band gap semiconductors. The estimated energy loss rate of conduction electrons is 1.5 eV/ps. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.