191 resultados para CR-39
Resumo:
采用传统无压烧结工艺制备出透明性良好的掺Cr的Al2O3透明陶瓷;测定了其吸收光谱和荧光光谱,发现在Al2O3六配位的八面体结构中,除了有Cr^3+离子的特征吸收峰外,由于有Mg^2+的电荷补偿作用,也有Cr^4+离子,Cr^4+的荧光发射峰位于1223nm附近,与Cr^4+在四面体中的发光行为一致。但其荧光发射峰较窄,半高宽△λ仅为37nm。
Resumo:
The Cr(0.1%),Yb(10%):GGG crystals have been grown by the Czochralski method. The chemical composition is: Yb0.33Gd2.47Cr0.005Ga5.2O12. There are no observed Yb3+ ions substituting Ga3+ ions, just like that of Yb:GGG crystals. The defects in Cr,Yb:GGG crystal were also investigated. The absorption and emission spectra of Cr,Yb:GGG crystal at room temperature have been measured. The 02 and H-2 annealing effect of Cr,Yb:GGG crystal have been compared. Cr3+ can greatly weak the visible luminescence of this crystal. The Cr-Yb-codoped crystals may be potential materials for compact, efficient, high stability LD pumped solid state lasers. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
beta-Ga2O3: Cr single crystals were grown by floating zone technique. Absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra were measured at room temperature. The values of field splitting parameter Dq and Racah parameter B were obtained by the peak values of absorption spectra. The value 10Dq/B=23.14 manifests that in beta-Ga2O3 crystals Cr3+ ions are influenced by low energy crystal field. After high temperature annealing in air, the Cr3+ intrinsic emission was enhanced and the green luminescence disappeared. The strong and broad 691 nm emission was obtained at 420 nm excitation due to the electron transition occurred from T-4(2) to (4)A(2). The studies manifest that the beta-Ga2O3 crystals have the potential application for tunable laser.
Resumo:
利用浮区法生长得到β-Ga2O3:Cr单晶体.在室温下测试了β-Ga2O3:Cr单晶体的吸收光谱和发射光谱.通过吸收光谱计算了晶体场分裂系数Dq和Racah系数,得到10Dq/B=23.14,表明Cr^3+在β-Ga2O3晶体中处于较弱的晶体场β-Ga2O3:Cr单晶体经高温退火后Cr^3+的发射明显加强,而绿光的发射减弱.采用420nm波长激发,在691nm可得到强而宽的特征发射,此发射对应于Cr^3+的^4T2→^4A2跃迁.
Resumo:
Optical properties and microstructure of Ag film on glass substrate with Cr intermediate layer were studied by using spectrophotometer and XRD. The spectra results showed that introducing Cr intermediate layer reduced the surface roughness and promoted the reflectivity of Ag film. The XRD analysis showed that the crystalline grains increased and the stress decreased. The adhesion was also improved by using the tape test method. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Resumo:
研究了在玻璃基底上镀制Al2O3和Cr过渡层对Ag膜反射率及附着力的影响.分光光度计测试了Ag膜的反射率,结果表明,与Cr过渡层相比,Al2O3过渡层对Ag膜反射率的降低相对较小;而且,随着Al2O3厚度的增加,Ag膜的反射率先增大后减小.XRD与AES测试表明,引入Al2O3或Cr可明显细化Ag晶粒,减弱Ag膜(111)织构;Al2O3作过渡层时,Al原子向Ag层中扩散显著;而Cr作过渡层时,只有少量Cr原子扩散进入Ag层.因此,Al2O3作过渡层能显著增强薄膜与玻璃基体之间的附着力.
Resumo:
从生态地理背景论草地畜牧业产业在黄土高原农业可持续发展中的战略地位 黄土高原要实现生态与生产双赢的目标,契机是退耕还林还草,突破口是建立能兼顾生态生产协调发展的主导产业。从地形地貌、水热分布及自然植被特征的角度分析,黄土高原实施以农为主或农林牧综合发展的方略,均有悖于黄土高原生态地理背景。而草地畜牧业产业的生产要素及其过程在较大程度上吻合了黄土高原的生态地理背景,具有生态的适应性和生产的有效性,应作为黄土高原优化的生态生产范式建制中的主导产业。未来黄土高原产业的发展格局应该是以草地畜牧业为主导,农业和林业作为补充和完善的产业发展体系。此外,未来黄土高原草地畜牧业家畜养殖应以舍饲为主。 黄土高原自然植被演替过程中的物种特征与土壤养分动态研究 在3—149年的时间尺度上,对黄土高原自然植被次生演替过程中物种特征和土壤养分动态进行了研究。结果表明:1)随着演替时间尺度的延伸,土壤全C、全N含量呈增加趋势,而土壤全K、全Na和土壤pH值呈下降趋势,土壤全P变化趋势不明显;此外,表层( 0~10 cm)土壤Ca0含量呈下降趋势,深层( 20-30 cm,40-50 cm)则呈增加趋势。演替过程对土壤养分动态影响的程度随着取样深度的增加而减弱;2)植物群落物种丰富度在演替的中间阶段最高,后者对应于中等土壤养分水平;3)在演替的早期阶段,植物群落优势种往往具有稳定的土壤种子库,CR-生活史对策和S.繁殖对策,在贫瘠的土壤上具有较强的竞争能力;而具有较强的水平扩展能力和克隆繁殖能力,C-生活史对策、对土壤C,N具有较强竞争能力的多年生植物在演替中后期占据群落的优势地位。此外,在所涉及的物种生物学特征中,多年生生活史,C-、CR-、SC-、SR-、S.对策,以及R-、W-、Bs-、VBs-和V-繁殖对策等在非优势物种中有较高的出现频率。4)C-、 SC-对策,克隆能力,多年生生活史,水平扩展能力,种子的动物传播方式,秋季开花,荚果、坚果等特征的比例在一定程度上与土壤全C,全N和全K含量正相关; 而S一、SR-、R-、CR-对策,一、二年生生活史,种子繁殖,S.繁殖对策,以及胞果、蒴果等特征的比例与土壤全Na,Ca0含量和土壤pH正相关。在演替过程中出现的物种均属草本植物生活型,因此,草原可能是黄土高原上受制于大尺度环境条件(显域生境)下的优势植被类型(特别是降雨量不超过550 mm的地区)。 黄土高原植被恢复过程中几种优势植物叶片碳稳定性同位素和氮含量的动态特征 探讨了黄土高原植被恢复过程中六种优势植物叶片碳稳定性同位素(6 13C)和氮含量的季节动态、种间差异及其与植被恢复过程的关系。六种优势植物分别是猪毛蒿( Artemisia scoparia),出现在演替的先锋阶段:达乌里胡枝子( Lespedeza davurica),出现在演替的第二阶段;长芒草(Stipabungeana)、万年蒿(Artemisia gmelinii)和茭蒿(Artemisia giraldii),出现在演替的第三阶段; 白羊草( Bothriochloa ischaemun)出现在演替的顶级阶段。六种优势植物叶片碳稳定性同位素比率分别是-26.89±0.66‰,-26.24±0.48‰, -26.21±0.49‰, -26.86±1.09‰, -27.61±0.39‰和-15 .81±1. 79‰;氮含量分别是2.36±0.63%,2.38±0.29%,2.0±0.29%,2.0±0.25%,1.50±0.37% 和1.24±0.19%。白羊草、长芒草、茭蒿和达乌里胡枝子叶片氮含量季节变化与土壤水分呈正相关.猪毛蒿和铁杆蒿叶片氮含量季节变化与土壤水分呈负相关。白羊草叶片δ 13C与土壤水分呈正相关,而其他5个优势种叶片δ 13C与土壤水分呈负相关。不同演替阶段优势种的δ 13C值和氮含量特征表明:处于演替顶级阶段的优势种具有最高的水分利用效率,净光合产量较低,但光合作用动态对土壤水分的季节波动表现出较强的可塑性;相反,处于先锋阶段的优势种水分利用效率较低,叶片净光合产量较高,光合作用对土壤水分波动的可塑性较低。本文的主要结论是:黄土高原植被恢复过程中处于不同演替阶段的优势种无论是在叶片δ 13C,氮含量均存在差异。优势种叶片δ 13C和氮含量季节动态反映了不同物种在环境(主要指土壤水分)波动条件下的生理生态对策。具有最高的水分利用效率(而非最高光和能力)和最高光合可塑性的物种将成为黄土高原自然植被顶级植物群落中的最终统治者。 黄土高原草地畜牧业产业形成与发展的牧草生产力基础 遵循生产-生态兼顾的原则,在黄土高原197个区县土地利用方式重新规划的基础上,对支撑黄土高原畜牧业产业形成与发展的牧草生产潜力进行了分析预测。结果表明:规划的牧、林、农、果用地占生产用地的比例分别是草地44%、林地22%、基本农田20%、果园14%; 197个县区预测的总牧草生产潜力达1,0488,1028t.y-l,可载畜1,0488,1028个羊单位.y-1。按1999年不变价格计算,黄土高原预测的畜牧业总产值将达到524,4051万元.y-1,是1999年畜牧业总产值的5.3倍,超过1999年黄土高原农业总产值14 %。农业人口人均预测畜牧业产值大于1000元的区县占59%;小于1000元的区县占41%。此外,黄土高原预测的农业总产值将达到1147.2234亿元RMB.yr-1。畜牧业、果业、林业和基本农田产值占农业总产值的比例分别是46%、27%、14%和13%。随着畜牧业产业链的逐步建立与完善,产业发展布局的日趋合理,黄土高原畜牧业生产总值将有较大幅度的提高。黄土高原草地畜牧业蕴藏着巨大的发展潜力,有望成为黄土高原优化的生产.生态范式建制中的主导产业。
Resumo:
The origin of new structures and functions is an important process in evolution. In the past decades, we have obtained some preliminary knowledge of the origin and evolution of new genes. However, as the basic unit of genes, the origin and evolution of exons remain unclear. Because young exons retain the footprints of origination, they can be good materials for studying origin and evolution of new exons. In this paper, we report two young exons in a zinc finger protein gene of rodents. Since they are unique sequences in mouse and rat genome and no homologous sequences were found in the orthologous genes of human and pig, the young exons might originate after the divergence of primates and rodents through exonization of intronic sequences. Strong positive selection was detected in the new exons between mouse and rat, suggesting that these exons have undergone significant functional divergence after the separation of the two species. On the other hand, population genetics data of mouse demonstrate that the new exons have been subject to functional constraint, indicating an important function of the new exons in mouse. Functional analyses suggest that these new exons encode a nuclear localization signal peptide, which may mediate new ways of nuclear protein transport. To our knowledge, this is the first example of the origin and evolution of young exons.