The precocious Chinese mitten crab: Changes of gonad, survival rate, and life span in a freshwater lake

Changes of the gonad. survival rate, and life span of the precocious (i.e., sexually mature in their first October-November, at the age of 5 or 6 months) Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) were studied in a small, shallow, macrophytic, freshwater lake along the middle reaches of the Changjiang River, China. The gonosomatic index (GSI) reached peak during the next March when the female GSI was 12.32 +/- 1.75 SD% and the male GSI A as 4.24 +/- 0.19%. The sexual glands degraded from then on. In the first ten-day period of the following July, there was no complete ovum in the ovary. and the sperm became thin and lost adhesion. The population declined sharply from November to July, and the last one (a female) died in the middle of July, which indicated that the life span of the precocious crab was about 12 months (from larval hatching in June to death in July of next year). The survival curve might be expressed as Y = 1.09exp(-0.018x) (Y survival rate; x: days) for the precocious crabs stocked in experimental cages.

Fracture properties of silicon carbide thin films by bulge test of long rectangular membrane

This paper reports the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of silicon carbide (3C-SiC) thin films grown on silicon substrates. Using bulge testing combined with a refined load-deflection model of long rectangular membranes, which takes into account the bending stiffness and prestress of the membrane material, the Young's modulus, prestress, and fracture strength for the 3C-SiC thin films with thicknesses of 0.40 and 1.42 mu m were extracted. The stress distribution in the membranes under a load was calculated analytically. The prestresses for the two films were 322 +/- 47 and 201 +/- 34 MPa, respectively. The thinner 3C-SiC film with a strong (111) orientation has a plane-gstrain moduli of 415 +/- 61 GPa, whereas the thicker film with a mixture of both (111) and (110) orientations exhibited a plane-strain moduli of 329 +/- 49 GPa. The corresponding fracture strengths for the two kinds of SiC films were 6.49 +/- 0.88 and 3.16 +/- 0.38 GPa, respectively. The reference stresses were computed by integrating the local stress of the membrane at the fracture over edge, surface, and volume of the specimens and were fitted with Weibull distribution function. For the 0.40-mu m-thick membranes, the surface integration has a better agreement between the data and the model, implying that the surface flaws are the dominant fracture origin. For the 1.42-mu m-thick membranes, the surface integration presented only a slightly better fitting quality than the other two, and therefore, it is difficult to rule out unambiguously the effects of the volume and edge flaws.

Digits speech recognition based on geometrical learning

We investigate the use of independent component analysis (ICA) for speech feature extraction in digits speech recognition systems.We observe that this may be true for a recognition tasks based on geometrical learning with little training data. In contrast to image processing, phase information is not essential for digits speech recognition. We therefore propose a new scheme that shows how the phase sensitivity can be removed by using an analytical description of the ICA-adapted basis functions via the Hilbert transform. Furthermore, since the basis functions are not shift invariant, we extend the method to include a frequency-based ICA stage that removes redundant time shift information. The digits speech recognition results show promising accuracy, Experiments show method based on ICA and geometrical learning outperforms HMM in different number of train samples.

Electronic structure of ZnO wurtzite quantum wires

The electronic structure and optical properties of ZnO wurtzite quantum wires with radius R >= 3 nm are studied in the framework of six-band effective-mass envelope function theory. The hole effective-mass parameters of ZnO wurtzite material are calculated by the empirical pseudopotential method. It is found that the electron states are either two-fold or four-fold degenerate. There is a dark exciton effect when the radius R of the ZnO quantum wires is in the range of [3,19.1] nm (dark range in our model). The dark ranges of other wurtzite semiconductor quantum wires are calculated for comparison. The dark range becomes smaller when the |Delta(so)| is larger, which also happens in the quantum-dot systems. The linear polarization factor of ZnO quantum wires is larger when the temperature is higher.

The effect of AlN growth time on the electrical properties of Al0.38Ga0.62N/AlN/GaN HEMT structures

Al0.38Ga0.62N/AIN/GaN HEMT structures have been grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on 2-inch sapphire substrates. Samples with AIN growth time of 0s (without AIN interlayer), 12, 15, 18 and 24s are characterized and compared. The electrical properties of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) are improved by introducing AIN interlayers. The AIN growth time in the range of 12-18s, corresponding to the AIN thickness of 1-1.5 nm, is appropriate for the design of Al0.38Ga0.62N/AIN/GaN HEMT structures. The lowest sheet resistance of 277 Omega sq(-1) and highest room temperature 2DEG mobility of 1460 cm(2)V(-1) s(-1) are obtained on structure with AIN growth time of 12s. The structure with AIN growth time of 15s exhibits the highest 2DEG concentration of 1.59 x 10(13) cm(-2) and the smallest RMS surface roughness of 0.2 nm. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Quantum well infrared photodetector simultaneously working in two atmospheric windows

We have demonstrated a two-contact quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) exhibiting simultaneous photoresponse in both the mid- and the long-wavelength atmospheric windows of 3-5 mu m and of 8-12 mu m. The structure of the device was achieved by sequentially growing a mid-wavelength QWIP part followed by a long-wavelength QWIP part separated by an n-doped layer. Compared with the conventional dual-band QWIP device utilizing three ohmic contacts, our QWIP is promising to greatly facilitate two-color focal plane array (FPA) fabrication by reducing the number of the indium bumps per pixel from three to one just like a monochromatic FPA fabrication and to increase the FPA fill factor by reducing one contact per pixel; another advantage may be that this QWIP FPA boasts broadband detection capability in the two atmospheric windows while using only a monochromatic readout integrated circuit. We attributed this simultaneous broadband detection to the different distributions of the total bias voltage between the mid- and long-wavelength QWIP parts.

压缩函数局部平衡度与Hash函数平衡度的关系研究

主要探讨了基于MD方式构造hash函数时平衡度的保持问题，说明了压缩函数满足何种条件时hash函数能够取得最好的平衡度，提出了局部平衡度的概念，并利用此概念解决了压缩函数局部平衡度与hash函数平衡度的关系问题．这对于未来的hash函数的设计有非常重要的意义．

SAFER系列密码算法的设计与分析

SAFER系列密码算法的总体结构采用SP-网络,它的设计具有其独到的几个特色.分析SAFER系列密码算法的设计思想,沿着设计者对它们不断改进的思路,分别描述其混淆层、扩散层、密钥扩展算法的性质和对它们的攻击.最后提出几个尚需进一步考虑的问题.

A new prototype of self-pressurizing fuel tank for micro and nano-satellites

To increase effective load, light-weight micro-propulsion system is necessary for micro-satellites. Traditional propulsion systems including large and heavy high-pressure vessels are difficult to be scaled down to fulfill the demand of micro-satellites. In this article, a novel self-pressurizing fuel tank without high-pressure gas vessel is proposed. When some liquid propellant is consumed, pressure is compensated with CO2 released by heating NH4HCO3 powder in the fuel tank. Comparing with other types of self-pressurizing liquid fuel tank, a gas generator with special and simple structure was designed to stop or continue the NH4HCO3 decomposition reaction easily, and consumed a small amount of energy to heat the powder effectively. Performance tests showed that this new prototype is very suitable for micro-thrusters.

吴起县不同退耕阶段农地资源生态服务价值评估分析

以陕西省吴起县为例,对三个不同退耕阶段农地资源生态服务价值进行了评估,分析了各阶段农地资源生态服务价值的变化,探讨了退耕还林(草)工程的实施对农地资源生态服务价值的影响.结果表明:退耕前、退耕初期及退耕中期吴起县农地资源的直接经济产出价值和间接生态服务价值之比分别为:1∶0.84、1∶2.63和1∶3.56.随着退耕工程的不断深入,农地资源总生态服务价值由退耕前的45 402.81万元增加到了退耕初期的81 603.81万元和退耕中期的164 925.46万元,实现了经济效益与生态效益的同步发展.

阿片类药物成瘾者瞳孔光反射的检测和特征提取

建立了一种基于图像处理的快速瞳孔直径检测算法,运用此算法提取了反映阿片类药物成瘾人员与正常人对瞳孔光反射变化差异的3个特征值:绝对收缩幅度(absolute amplitude of contraction,AAC)、相对收缩幅度(relative amplitude of contraction,RAC)和收缩斜率(SCV,slope of contraction velocity);分别研究了成瘾、性别、近视、年龄、睡眠剥夺等因素对于这3个特征值的影响。不同性别、近视人员、睡眠剥夺人员与正常人之间的3个特征值均无显著差异,成瘾人员与之对比均显著减小。老年人相对于正常青年人,3个特征值都明显减小;与成瘾人员相比,仅在RAC值上有显著差异。结果表明,阿片类药物成瘾人员除了与正常人外,也与其他具有潜在影响瞳孔变化因素的非阿片成瘾人员在瞳孔对光反射的特征值上具有显著差异。该研究的实验数据为进一步建立基于检测瞳孔对光反射其直径发生变化的方法来快速、非接触地鉴别出阿片类药物成瘾人员提供了可靠的依据。

12路40Gb/s甚短距离并行光传输信号转换器研究

基于OIF-VSR5-01.0规范,分析了12路并行40Gb/s甚短距离(VSR)光传输转换器模块的实现原理.采用top-down分析方法,使用硬件描述语言verilog,在可编程逻辑器件上完成了时钟数据恢复、基于字节对齐方案的帧同步、信道去斜移、比特间差奇偶校验(BIP)等功能模块的程序设计,实现了SFI-5与OIF-VSR5-01.0电信号格式的相互转换,并在Altera的Stratix II GX 系列的高速现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)上对功能模块进行了功能验证和联合仿真.结果表明所设计的各个功能模块满足系统应用要求,为下一步将系统设计转换为专用集成电路(ASIC)奠定了基础.