三个三倍体鲫鱼品系及野鲫mtDNA的比较研究

用16种限制性内切酶研究了银鲫(3N=156～162)、彭泽鲫(3N=162)和缩骨鲫(3N=150)3个三倍体鲫鱼品系及野鲫(2N=100)的线粒体DNA。有6种酶在种系间和种系内产生限制性片段长度多态性(RFLPs),银鲫共存在4种单倍型,彭泽鲫2种,野鲫3种,缩骨鲫1种。彭泽鲫和银鲫拥有相同的常见单倍型,缩骨鲫的单倍型属于野鲫的常见型。根据限制性位点的变异数据,计算了单倍型间的相似性、核苷酸多样性、品系内核苷酸多样性和品系间的遗传距离,确定彭泽鲫属于银鲫的一个地方品系,缩骨鲫属于野鲫的一个地方品系。

湖泊和地下水中异养细菌群落结构和生理特征的比较研究

对武汉东湖三个定点观测站和潜江市一深水机井中异养细菌群落的种群组成、对不同基质的反应、菌株和群落的生理特征和活力水平等方面比较研究结果表明:环境差异较小的东湖Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ站异养细菌群落间的差异亦较小,具有类似的结构特征和生理活力水平,对特定基质表现了相似的作用模式;地下水中的异养细菌群落在上述几方面均显示了明显的差别。此外,在异养细菌群落结构和功能研究方法上亦是有益的探讨。

鱼类染色体组操作的研究 Ⅰ.静水压休克诱导三倍体水晶彩鲫

采用静水压休克方法研究了促使第二极体保留诱发三倍体水晶彩鲫的最佳条件。在卵受精后4—5min采用600kg/cm~2或650kg/cm~2的静水压处理3min,不但能导致100％的三倍化,而且胚胎的存活率相当高,孵化率为对照组的90％左右。研究表明,静水压休克是进行鱼类染色体组操作的有效方法,休克的最佳条件易于掌握,处理程序易于标准化。文中讨论了静水压处理的条件与三倍体出现率和胚胎存活率的关系,以及最佳条件下和不适条件下胚胎死亡的原因。

西藏枝角类一新种

<正> 雌性特征 体长0.45—0.4毫米。体略呈长方形,外形与点滴尖额溞(A.guttatSars)相似。透明浅黄色。壳瓣背缘稍微拱起,中部最高;后缘略向外凸出,其高度约为最大壳高的4/5;腹缘较平直,中部微凹,全缘列生刚毛。后背角不明显;后腹角浑圆无刻齿。壳纹纵行。 头部不大。吻部钝,伸向前方。单、复眼形状一般。第一触角呈棒形,不超过吻尖,前侧具一根触毛,末端为一束长度相仿的嗅毛。第二触角游泳刚毛序式:0—0—3/4—1—3。

Effects of damming on population sustainability of Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis: evaluation of optimal conservation measures

The numbers of spawning sites for Chinese sturgeon have been drastically reduced since the construction of the Gezhouba Dam across the Yangtze River. This dam has blocked migration of Chinese sturgeon to their historic spawning ground causing a significant decline of the Chinese sturgeon population. We conducted a VORTEX population viability analysis to estimate the sustainability of the population and to quantify the efficiency of current and alternative conservation procedures. The model predicted the observed decline of Chinese sturgeon, resulting from the effect of the Gezhouba Dam. These simulations demonstrated the potential interest of two conservation measures: increasing spawning area and reducing predation on sturgeon eggs. The simulations also demonstrated that the actual restocking program is not sufficient to sustain sturgeon population as the artificial reproduction program induce the loss of more wild mature adults that the recruitment expected by the artificial reproduction.

Effect of beta-glucan on activity of antioxidant enzymes and Mx gene expression in virus infected grass carp

The effects of beta-glucan, an immunostimulatory agent, on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of erythrocytes and Mx gene expression were studied from grass carp that were challenged with grass carp hemorrhage virus (GCHV). The SOD and CAT activities in erythrocytes and Mx gene expression in spleen from the fish were detected by spectrophotometry and RT-PCR, respectively. Negative control fish were injected with PBS; positive control groups were injected with either P-glucan or GCHV only; and the experimental groups were pre-injected with beta-glucan 15 days prior to injection with GCHV. The results show that the SOD and CAT activities were higher in fish injected with beta-glucan for 15 days than the negative control group injected with PBS. The SOD and CATactivities significantly decreased when the fish were challenged with GCHV, but it was higher in the group pre-treated with beta-glucan than in infected fish not pre-treated, 15 days after GCHV infection. Mx gene expression levels increased during the early stages (at 12 h and 36 h) of GCHV infection, and it remained at higher levels from the 6th till the 10th day in the beta-glucan pre-treated group, but it was failing from the 6th day in the beta-glucan untreated group. The GCHV-infected group pre-treated with P-glucan had a higher survival rate (60%) than the group not pre-treated with P-glucan (20%), suggesting that beta-glucan possesses or enhances anti-viral responses. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structural and optical properties of GaAsSb/GaAs heterostructure quantum wells

The structural and optical properties of MBE-grown GaAsSb/GaAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) as well as strain-compensated GaAsSb/GaAs/GaAsP MQWs are investigated. The results of double crystal X-ray diffraction and reciprocal space mapping show that when strain-compensated layers are introduced, the interface quality of QW structure is remarkably improved, and the MQW structure containing GaAsSb layers with a high Sb composition can be coherently grown. Due to the influence of inserted GaAsP layers on the energy band and carrier distribution of QWs, the optical properties of GaAsSb/GaAs/GaAsP MQWs display a lot of features mainly characteristic of type-I QWs despite the type-II GaAsSb/GaAs interfaces exist in the structure. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Angular dependent characteristics of a 1.3-mu m GaInNAs/GaAs quantum-well resonant cavity enhanced photodetect

Characteristics of a 1.3-mum GaInNAs RCE PD with respect to the incident light angle were analyzed both in theoretical simulation and experiments. The results show the influence can be neglected when the light incidence angle is less than 3degrees. This is a requirement for the PD to be applied in WDM networks. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Study of microstructure of high stability hydrogenated amorphous silicon films by Raman scattering and infrared absorption spectroscopy

The microstructure, hydrogen bonding configurations and hydrogen content of high quality and stable hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films prepared by a simple ''uninterrupted growth/annealing" plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique have been investigated by Raman scattering and infrared absorption spectroscopy. The high stability a-Si:H films contain small amounts of a microcrystalline phase and not less hydrogen (10-16 at. %), particularly, the clustered phase hydrogen, Besides, the hydrogen distribution is very inhomogeneous. Some of these results are substantially distinct from those of conventional device-quality n-Si:H film or stable cr-Si:H films prepared by the other techniques examined to date. The stability of n-Si:H films appears to have no direct correlation with the hydrogen content or the clustered phase hydrogen concentration. The ideal n-Si:H network with high stability and low defect density is perhaps not homogeneous. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics.

Modelica建模软件中求强连通分量与拓扑排序算法优化的研究

Modelica语言仿真建模在科研工作中已经得到了广泛应用。它能方便地对包含机械、电子、液压、控制、热流等领域的复合物理系统进行基于组件的仿真。现有基于Modelica语言的仿真建模软件支持图形化建模和文本建模两种方式，集成了面向对象、陈述式描述、统一建模、组件重用的优势，给科研工作带来了巨大的便利。 Modelica软件仿真的过程可归结为微分代数方程(differential algebraic equation,DAE)系统的求解。在求解DAE系统时，需要对DAE系统进行约简，直到庞大的DAE系统约简为目前自动求解方法成熟的ODE系统，或约简为方程个数不多的、指标较低的DAE系统，才能使Modelica建模仿真软件具有工业上的应用价值。在约简DAE系统之前，需要对之进行预处理，根据方程之间的数据依赖关系进行拓扑排序，确定求解顺序。排序的过程对应着将DAE系统结构关联矩阵进行块状下三角(block lower triangle,BLT)变换。寻找强连通分量和拓扑排序是对DAE系统进行预处理的重要组成部分。 本文剖析了Modelica软件在仿真时的运行机制，使用几个实例来详细描述在仿真过程中，Modelica软件完成的工作。在寻找强连通分量和拓扑排序这一步，本文提出了使用Kosaraju算法的策略，对由模型得到的有向图直接使用Kosaraju算法，得出DAE系统的求解顺序。文章叙述了强连通分量的含义，并阐述了在求强连通分量时的理论依据，由此引出了Tarjan算法和Kosaraju算法，再分析和比较Tarjan算法和Kosaraju算法，对比了两种策略的优劣，并进行了实验。同时，本文分析了OpenModelica软件包的结构，修改了软件包在寻找强连通分量及拓扑排序相关模块的代码。