Shell effect and capture cross sections in the synthesis of superheavy nuclei

The shell effect is included in the improved isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics model in which the shell correction energy of the system is calculated by using the deformed two-center shell model. A switch function is introduced to connect the shell correction energy of the projectile and the target with that of the compound nucleus during the dynamical fusion process. It is found that the calculated capture cross sections reproduce the experimental data quantitatively at the energy near the Coulomb barrier. The capture cross sections for reaction (35) (80) Br + (82) (208) Pb -> (117) (288) X are also calculated and discussed.

Theoretical study on spherical proton emission

The proton radioactivity half-lives of spherical proton emitters are investigated within a generalized liquid drop model (GLDM), including the proximity effects between nuclei in a neck and the mass and charge asymmetry. The penetrability is calculated in the WKB approximation and the assault frequency is estimated by the quantum mechanism method considering the structure of the parent nucleus. The spectroscopic factor is taken into account in half-life calculation, which is obtained by employing the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory. The half-lives within the GLDM are compared with the experimental data and other theoretical values. The results show that the GLDM works quite well for spherical proton emitters when the assault frequency is estimated by the quantum mechanical method and the spectroscopic factor is considered.

不同施肥制度对潮棕壤微生物量碳的影响

利用长期定位试验研究了下辽河平原地区不同施肥处理下潮棕壤微生物量碳的变化。结果表明:不施肥处理的微生物量碳含量最低,化肥均衡施用和施用循环肥均能显著提高土壤微生物量碳含量(P<0.05),以化肥N、P、K+循环猪圈肥处理效果最好;各处理的微生物量碳均呈现出春冬季较低,夏秋季较高的趋势;化肥均衡施用配合循环肥能显著提高土壤微生物量碳的周转强度,缩短周转时间(P<0.05),以化肥N、P、K+循环猪圈肥处理土壤微生物量碳的周转时间最短,1年可周转1.03次。

不同施肥制度对作物产量及肥料贡献率的影响

通过17年的长期定位肥料试验,研究了不同施肥制度对作物产量及肥料贡献率的影响,结果表明:化肥N、P、K的施用均能明显提高作物产量,其增产率分别为32.10%、15.06%、10.95%;循环回田的农家肥养分对作物增产有明显的残效叠加作用,且具有良好的稳产作用,可以满足作物对不同气候年景的适应性。在本试验中,若将保持养分循环再利用基础上施用NPK化肥视为最佳施肥制度,则在保持其他农业技术不变条件下,最大施肥贡献率为0.44。在下辽河平原土壤、气候和生产力水平等条件下,为保证作物持续高产,应同时施用化肥和循环肥。

A new quaternary ammonium heteropolyoxotungstate catalyst for propylene epoxidation to propylene oxide

A new quaternary ammonium heteropolyoxotungstant (cat.C) is prepared and characterized. And the cat.C also is an reaction-controlled phase-transfer catalyst. The catalytic system of O-2/EAHQ (2-ethylanthrahydroquinone)/cat.c is used for the epoxidation of propylene. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of propylene oxide based on EAHQ is 84.1%, the selectivity for propylene oxide based on propylene is 99.8% and the conversion of propylene based on EAHQ is 84.3%. The cat.c precipitates after the epoxidation reaction for easy separation. The cat. C is stable enough to be recycled three times without any loss in selectivity.

Fabrication of a miniature twin-fuel-cell on silicon wafer

The fabrication and performance evaluation of a miniature twin-fuel-cell on silicon wafers are presented in this paper. The miniature twin-fuel-cell was fabricated in series using two membrane-electrode-assemblies sandwiched between two silicon substrates in which electric current, reactant, and product flow. The novel structure of the miniature twin-fuel-cell is that the electricity interconnect from the cathode of one cell to the anode of another cell is made on the same plane. The interconnect was fabricated by sputtering a layer of copper over a layer of gold on the top of the silicon wafer. Silicon dioxide was deposited on the silicon wafer adjacent to the copper layer to prevent short-circuiting between the twin cells. The feed holes and channels in the silicon wafers were prepared by anisotropic silicon etching from the back and front of the wafer with silicon dioxide acting as intrinsic etch-stop layer. Operating on dry H-2/O-2 at 25 degreesC and atmospheric pressure, the measured peak power density was 190.4 mW/cm(2) at 270 mA/cm(2) for the miniature twin-fuel-cell using a Nafion 112 membrane. Based on the polarization curves of the twin-fuel-cell and the two single cells, the interconnect resistance between the twin cells was calculated to be in the range from 0.0113 Omega (at 10 mA/cm(2)) to 0.0150 Omega (at 300 mA/cm(2)), which is relatively low. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Retention modeling and simultaneous optimization of pH value and gradient steepness in RP-HPLC using feed-forward neural networks

A novel approach is proposed for the simultaneous optimization of mobile phase pH and gradient steepness in RP-HPLC using artificial neural networks. By presetting the initial and final concentration of the organic solvent, a limited number of experiments with different gradient time and pH value of mobile phase are arranged in the two-dimensional space of mobile phase parameters. The retention behavior of each solute is modeled using an individual artificial neural network. An "early stopping" strategy is adopted to ensure the predicting capability of neural networks. The trained neural networks can be used to predict the retention time of solutes under arbitrary mobile phase conditions in the optimization region. Finally, the optimal separation conditions can be found according to a global resolution function. The effectiveness of this method is validated by optimization of separation conditions for amino acids derivatised by a new fluorescent reagent.

啤酒酿造中野生酵母的研究

啤酒酿造中野生酵母的研究吴文芳，张成刚，吕安国，李波（中国科学院沈阳应用生态所）金连武，蒋玲，孙喜春（辽宁铁岭市清河啤酒厂）所谓野生酵母，是指在啤酒酿造过程中出现的除培养酵母之外的所有酵母而言。威尔斯对野生酵母的定义是：任何未经严密选用与控制的酵母，...

Correlation analysis of the structures and pK(a) values of carboxylic acids

The quantum-chemical descriptors were used for QSPR study of the structures of carboxylic acids and their pK(a) values. The algorithm of "Leaps and Bounds" regression was performed for selection of the variables. The CoMFA method was carried out for 3D-QSPR. As the introduction of the charge of oxygen atom(Q(2)), the results obtained by CoMFA were improved greatly.

Novel tris(2,2-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) cathodic electrochemiluminescence in aqueous solution at a glassy carbon electrode

A novel approach of generating cathodic electrochemiluminescence lof Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) at -0.4 V triggered by reactive oxygen species is reported for detecting alkylamines and some organic acids.

羧酸类化合物的结构和萃取性能的相关性

应用量子化学参数研究羧酸类化合物的结构与其萃取性能的相关性 ,并将二维结构参数应用到三维构效关系研究中 ,从而有效地改善了 Co MFA法的结果 ,用 p Ka值来表征羧酸类化合物的萃取性能.

PMo12-doped carbon ceramic composite electrode based on sol-gel chemistry and its electrocatalytic reduction of bromate

A conductive carbon ceramic composite electrode (CCE) comprised of cc-type 1:12 phosphomolybdic acid (PMo12) and carbon powder in an organically modified silicate matrix was fabricated using a sol-gel method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry. Osteryoung square-wave voltammograms of the modified electrode immersed in different acidic aqueous solutions present the dependence of current and redox potential on pH. The PMo12-doped CCE shows more reversible reaction kinetics, good stability and reproducibility, especially the renewal repeatability by simple polishing in the event of surface fouling or dopant leaching. Moreover, the modified electrode shows good catalytic activity for the electrochemical reduction of bromate.

Synthesis of C-1 bridge-containing metallocene catalysts and their catalytic activities for olefin polymerization

The synthesis and characterization of metallocene complexes which can be used as catalysts in the presence of MAO for olefin polymerization were discussed in the present paper. The metallocene complexes have been characterized by IR, H-1 NMR, EI-MS spectra and element analyses; The catalytic features of Olefin polymerization were studied under different conditions. Metallocenes in which metals is Ti had no activity for ethylene polymerization, Polymers with different features can be obtained by using different catalysts.