235 resultados para Escória de aciaria LD
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The electronic spectra of one-dimensional nanostructured systems are calculated within the pure hopping model on the tight-binding Hamiltonian. By means of the renormalization group Green's function method, the dependence of the density of states on the distributions of nanoscaled grains and the changes of values of hopping integrals in nanostructured systems are studied. It is found that the frequency shifts are dependent rather on the changes of the hopping integrals at nanoscaled grains than the distribution of nanoscaled grains.
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We study phonon properties of one-dimensional nanocrystalline solids that are associated with a model nanostructured sequence. A real-space renormalization-group approach, connected with a series of renormalization-group transformations, is developed to calculate numerically the local phonon Green's function at an arbitrary site, and then the phonon density of states of these kinds of nanocrystalline chains. Some interesting phonon properties of nanocrystalline chains are obtained that are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results for the optical-absorption spectra of nanostructured solids.
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本文利用我国第22颗返回式卫星实验研究了微重力条件下池沸腾临界热流现象,发现基于流体动力学不稳定性机制的LD-Zuber模型可以很好地预测不同重力条件下的池沸腾临界热流变化趋势,尽管热丝无量纲半径比该模型的适用范围扩大了3~4个数量级。这和地面常重力环境中关于临界热流尺度效应的研究结果有很大差异,表明在Bond数很小时,热丝无量纲半径已不再是描述临界热流尺度效应的唯一参数。此外,本文提出了"极限核化尺寸"的概念,来解释了不同条件下临界热流的变化特征。
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In this paper, TASCflow3D is used to solve inner and outer 3D viscous incompressible turbulent flow (R-e = 5.6 X 10(6)) around axisymmetric body with duct. The governing equation is a RANS equation with standard k-epsilon turbulence model. The discrete method used is a finite volume method based on the finite element approach. In this method, the description of geometry is very flexible and at the same time important conservative properties are retained. The multi-block and algebraic multi-grid techniques are used for the convergence acceleration. Agreement between experimental results and calculation is good. It indicates that this novel approach can be used to simulate complex flow such as the interaction between rotor and stator or propulsion systems containing tip clearance and cavitation.
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本文以丝状加热表面上的池沸腾传热现象为主要研究对象,利用地面常重力实验,研究了不同热丝直径、不同过冷度下((0~40℃)的丝状加热片面FC-72液体和丙酮液体的池沸腾传热特性。 本文利用自主研发的一套可控过冷度池沸腾实验设备,使用纯度为99.99%的铂丝同时作为加热元件和测温元件,加热丝直径分别为0.06mm、0.025mm、0.1mm,长度为30mm。实验采用控制加热电压按阶梯形式增长或下降(时间常数约20s)的稳态加热方式。 实验所得单相自然对流传热数据同Kuehn-Goldstein(1976)换热公式预测结果具有较高的一致性,说明实验设备可靠、实验数据可信。 实验过程中发现,在相同压力条件下,随着过冷度的增加,沸腾传热强化;CHF值在低过冷度时呈线性增加,然后增加趋势变缓。丙酮实验中,0.06mm热丝和0.1mm热丝在低过冷度(2.5~10℃)情况下都出现了从自然对流直接进入双膜态现象,不过,当降低加热电压时,膜态沸腾仍转化为核态沸腾,此时继续增高加热电压,沸腾曲线仍沿常规核态沸腾曲线上升至CHF后,再转换为膜态沸腾。对于同等直径热丝,无论核态沸腾或双膜态沸腾,在丙酮中所产生汽泡尺寸明显偏大。 过冷沸腾中,临界热流随过冷度的增加呈现出非线性依赖关系。在低过冷度线性区,FC-72中实验结果与几种低过冷度线性模型较一致;丙酮中实验结果 随 变化斜率明显高于几种低过冷度线性模型的预测,显示出对尺度的依赖关系。这说明在小Bond数时存在尺度效应对过冷度的影响,即对于小Bond数情况过冷度和尺度效应的耦合作用是非常重要的。 饱和沸腾中,FC-72和丙酮的CHF值随热丝直径的减小而不断增加,其中,FC-72的CHF数值尽管比LD模型预测结果略低,但定性地依然可用LD模型进行描述,尽管相比于LD模型原始的适用范围 已扩大了1~2个数量级;但丙酮的实验数据却远小于LD模型预测结果。综合分析表明,尽管热丝直径相同,但物性的差异使得FC-72和丙酮实验中的数据点分别处于不同的尺度特征区域,反映了小Bond数情形下分区准则的物性依赖性。
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研究了国产Yb:YAG陶瓷的激光输出特性。激光器采用激光二极管(LD)纵向同轴抽运Yb:YAG陶瓷样品,样品的掺杂原子数分数为1%,一端面镀940 nm和1030 nm双增透膜,另一端面镀1030 nm增透膜,激光器在1031 nm处获得了近红外激光输出。实验中分别测试了Yb:YAG陶瓷在不同输出透射率(T=4%,8%,10%)条件下的激光输出特性。整个实验过程中,激光器维持基横模运转。当输出透射率为10%,吸收的抽运功率为9 W时,激光器获得最大的激光输出功率为1.63 W,相应的斜率效率为23.2%。
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用体布拉格光栅(VBG)作为反馈元件与瓦级半导体激光器(LD)以及快轴准直柱透镜构成一个可以将半导体激光器的工作波长稳定在体布拉格光栅布拉格波长处的外腔激光器。测量了体布拉格光栅外腔激光器的波长稳定性与其工作电流、热汇温度、激光束准直装置等因素的关系。分析了波长稳定效果与半导体激光器增益谱特性、外腔结构参量等因素的关系。研究表明,在相同的工作电流、热汇温度下,当准直柱透镜直径为0.4 mm时的波长稳定效果较好;在此情况下,当热汇温度控制在30 ℃,工作电流从0.5 A增加到1.5 A的测量范围内,以及当工
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现有的半导体激光干涉仪存在测量精度与测量范围的矛盾。本文提出一种新的实时位移测量半导体激光干涉仪,并分析了干涉仪的测量原理。首先提出一种新的解相算法,它通过两路实时相位探测电路从干涉信号中得到待测量相位,消除了光强波动、初始光程差、电路放大倍数、调制深度、Bessel函数等参数对测量精度的影响,提高了测量精度。其次,提出一种扩大测量范围的技术,并用解包裹电路得到真实相位和待测量的位移, 将测量范围从半个波长提高到几个波长。在实验中,测得喇叭的峰峰值为2361.7nm,重复测量精度为2.56nm,测量时间为
Resumo:
We have found that the optical power of a laser diode (LD) does not change with the injected light intensity that is modulated when its injection current is at some specific values. The amplitude of optical power change of the LD varies periodically with the increase of the injection current. It is made clear through theoretical analysis that these phenomena are caused by gain compression and interband carrier absorption of the LD that depend on longitudinal mode competition, bandgap-shrinkage effects, thermal conduction, and so on. Our experimental results make it easy to eliminate optical power change of LDs. We only need to choose a proper value of the injection current. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America.
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提出一种实时测量表面形貌的正弦相位调制半导体激光干涉仪。利用实时相位检测电路,从正弦相位调制干涉信号中解出被测量物体表面形貌的相位。在实验中,测量了楔形光学平板的表面形貌,对表面形貌上的60
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在激光二极管(LD)正弦相位调制(LD-SPM)干涉仪中,通过注入电流调制激光二极管波长的同时,光源输出的光强也被调制,成为测量误差的主要来源之一。提出一种新的消除激光二极管正弦相位调制干涉仪中光强调制影响的干涉仪,给出了具体的理论分析。该干涉仪采用全光纤结构,有效减小外界干扰对干涉测量的影响;采用容易实现的前置信号处理电路和实时相位检测器对干涉信号进行处理,消除了激光二极管光强调制产生的测量误差;同时实现了物体微小位移的高精度实时测量,测量的重复精度达到1 nm。实验结果与其他消除光强调制影响的方法测得
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As there exist some problems with the previous laser diode (LD) real-time microvibration measurement interferometers, such as low accuracy, correction before every use, etc., in this paper, we propose a new technique to realize the real-time microvibration measurement by using the LD sinusoidal phase-modulating interferometer, analyze the measurement theory and error, and simulate the measurement accuracy. This interferometer utilizes a circuit to process the interference signal in order to obtain the vibration frequency and amplitude of the detective signal, and a computer is not necessary in it. The influence of the varying light intensity and light path difference on the measurement result can be eliminated. This technique is real-time, convenient, fast, and can enhance the measurement accuracy too. Experiments show that the repeatable measurement accuracy is less than 3.37 nm, and this interferometer can be applied to real-time microvibration measurement of the MEMS. (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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基于对称双侧激光二极管(LD)抽运Nd:GGG(掺钕钆镓石榴石)激光晶体板条,从热传导基本方程出发,以废热等效于内热源模型为前提,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对Nd:GGG板条在热容工作下的瞬态温度场及应力场进行了数值模拟,分析了在不同边界条件下温度和应力随时间和空间的变化特性及其热致变形。计算结果表明:在激光发射阶段,边界非绝热使得板条在垂直光轴方向产生温度梯度,由此产生的折射率梯度和应力梯度导致距离光轴最远的板条边缘和光轴处产生约0.2μm的变形量。同时模拟了冷却阶段空气对流冷却、水循环冷却及喷雾冷却
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固体热容激光器(SSHCL)作为高功率固体激光器的一个重要发展方向,引起人们广泛关注。数值模拟激光介质板条在热容方式下工作的温度和应力分布是了解该类激光器工作特性的一种有效手段,采用平面应力近似法导出了半导体激光器抽运热容激光介质板的二维温度和应力分布公式,同时也对二维抽运光吸收密度、介质板温度分布和折射率变化进行了分析与讨论。数值计算的结果表明二维效应的温度分布和应力分布要比一维效应给出的分布更均匀。
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由于a轴切割Nd∶YVO4晶体的非对称性,使得激光二极管(LD)端面抽运Nd∶YVO4固体激光器不同于Nd∶YAG激光器,输出的激光经常产生非对称结果。用有限元法分析激光二极管端面抽运a轴切割Nd∶YVO4固体激光器的晶体热效应,包括温度分布、内部应力和产生的形变。分析结果表明端面抽运a轴切割Nd∶YVO4晶体产生了椭球热透镜效应。从结构方面和抽运方面提出了热透镜非对称性的平衡方法,实验验证了方法的可行性。